The Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area (SMMNRA) is a national recreation area containing many individual

parks A park is an area of natural, semi-natural or planted space set aside for human enjoyment and recreation or for the protection of wildlife or natural habitats. Urban parks are green spaces set aside for recreation inside towns and cities. N ...

and

open space preserve An open space reserve (also called open space preserve, open space reservation, and green space) is an area of protected or conservation ethics, conserved land or water on which Real estate development, development is indefinitely set aside. The ...

s, located primarily in

Southern California Southern California (commonly shortened to SoCal) is a geographic and Cultural area, cultural List of regions of California, region that generally comprises the southern portion of the U.S. state of California. Its densely populated coastal reg ...

Santa Monica Mountains The Santa Monica Mountains are a coastal mountain range in Southern California, next to the Pacific Ocean. It is part of the Transverse Ranges. The Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area encompasses this mountain range. Because of its p ...

. Located in

greater Los Angeles Greater Los Angeles is the most populous metropolitan area in the U.S. state of California, encompassing five counties in Southern California extending from Ventura County in the west to San Bernardino County and Riverside County in the eas ...

, two thirds of SMMNRA's parklands are in northwest

Los Angeles County Los Angeles County, officially the County of Los Angeles and sometimes abbreviated as LA County, is the most populous county in the United States, with 9,663,345 residents estimated in 2023. Its population is greater than that of 40 individua ...

and the remaining third, including a

Simi Hills The Simi Hills are a low rocky mountain range of the Transverse Ranges in eastern Ventura County, California, Ventura County and western Los Angeles County, California, Los Angeles County, of Southern California, United States. The range runs ma ...

extension, is in southeastern

Ventura County Ventura County () is a county located in the southern part of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 843,843. The largest city is Oxnard, and the county seat is the city of Ventura. Ventura County comprises ...

. It is administered by the

National Park Service The National Park Service (NPS) is an List of federal agencies in the United States, agency of the Federal government of the United States, United States federal government, within the US Department of the Interior. The service manages all List ...

in coordination with state, county, municipal, and university agencies. In size, the Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area is the largest urban national park in the world. It is also one of the best examples of a

Mediterranean climate A Mediterranean climate ( ), also called a dry summer climate, described by Köppen and Trewartha as ''Cs'', is a temperate climate type that occurs in the lower mid-latitudes (normally 30 to 44 north and south latitude). Such climates typic ...

ecosystem An ecosystem (or ecological system) is a system formed by Organism, organisms in interaction with their Biophysical environment, environment. The Biotic material, biotic and abiotic components are linked together through nutrient cycles and en ...

and it protects one of the highest densities of archaeological resources in any mountain range in the world.National Park Service, ''Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area: Statement of National Significance'', ca. 2000, page 4

Geography

The Santa Monica Mountains NRA contains in the

Transverse Ranges The Transverse Ranges are a group of mountain ranges of Southern California, in the Pacific Coast Ranges physiographic region in North America. The Transverse Ranges begin at the southern end of the California Coast Ranges and lie within Santa Ba ...

, with its southeastern slopes part of the

Los Angeles River The Los Angeles River (), historically known as by the Tongva and the by the Spanish, is a major river in Los Angeles County, California. Its headwaters are in the Simi Hills and Santa Susana Mountains, and it flows nearly from Canoga Park ...

headwaters The headwater of a river or stream is the geographical point of its beginning, specifically where surface runoff water begins to accumulate into a flowing channel of water. A river or stream into which one or many tributary rivers or streams flo ...

. The California State Park system and other public agencies own , the

own , and the rest of the SMMNRA lands are owned by local agencies, university reserves, and private property

conservation easement In the United States, a conservation easement (also called conservation covenant, conservation restriction or conservation servitude) is a power invested in a qualified land conservation organization called a "land trust", or a governmental (muni ...

Park history

National Forest proposal

During the first decade of the twentieth century,

Frederick H. Rindge Frederick Hastings Rindge (December 21, 1857 – August 29, 1905) was an American business magnate, patriarch of the Rindge family, real estate developer, philanthropist, and writer, of Los Angeles, California. He was a major benefactor to his ...

attempted to create a forest reserve (precursors to

national forest National Forest may refer to: * National forest or state forest, a forest administered or protected by a sovereign state ** National forest (Brazil) ** National forest (France) ** National forest (United States) ** State Forests (Poland) ** The N ...

s) in the

several times. In 1902, California's State Mining Bureau also attempted to establish a forest reserve, but their proposal was denied."Forest reserves. Santa Monica scheme turned down," ''Los Angeles Times'', March 8, 1907, section II, page 5 In 1907, a proposal requesting at least in the Santa Monica Mountains be designated a forest reserve was submitted to the

Secretary of the Interior Secretary of the Interior may refer to: * Secretary of the Interior (Mexico) * Interior Secretary of Pakistan * Secretary of the Interior and Local Government (Philippines) * United States Secretary of the Interior See also

*Interior ministry ...

, but state mineralogist Lewis E. Aubury opposed the venture. The U. S. Forest Service then advised Aubury that it was highly improbable a forest reserve would be created owing to local opposition and the small amount of public land still remaining in the mountains.

National Park proposals

In 1925,

limestone Limestone is a type of carbonate rock, carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material Lime (material), lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different Polymorphism (materials science) ...

deposits were discovered in the mountains behind Pacific Palisades, which led to a lengthy battle between home owners and land developers. Alphonzo Bell Sr. led the push for development, while local opposition was led by Sylvia Morrison. After much criticism of Bell's original plan, Bell submitted an updated plan that saw the limestone pulverized, mixed with water, and pumped via a buried pipeline to the mouth of Santa Ynez Canyon, where it would continue along the ocean floor to an offshore buoy.

Will Rogers William Penn Adair Rogers (November 4, 1879 – August 15, 1935) was an American vaudeville performer, actor, and humorous social commentator. He was born as a citizen of the Cherokee Nation, in the Indian Territory (now part of Oklahoma ...

parodied the plan on the front page of the

Los Angeles Times The ''Los Angeles Times'' is an American Newspaper#Daily, daily newspaper that began publishing in Los Angeles, California, in 1881. Based in the Greater Los Angeles city of El Segundo, California, El Segundo since 2018, it is the List of new ...

, after which

William Mulholland William Mulholland (September 11, 1855 – July 22, 1935) was an Irish American self-taught civil engineer who was responsible for building the infrastructure to provide a water supply that allowed Los Angeles to grow into the largest city in Cal ...

came to Bell's defense. Around the same time, Morrison urged to establish the Santa Monica Mountains as Whitestone National Park, named after the limestone cliffs. In 1930, lifelong national park advocate Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. proposed a network of parks, beaches, playgrounds, and forests to promote social, economic, and environmental vitality in Los Angeles,Robert Garcia, ''et al'', ''Free the Beach! Public Access, Equal Justice, and the California Coast'', Center for Law in the Public Interest, April 2005, 6–7 and he also advocated for public ownership of at least of beach and mountain between

Topanga Topanga (Tongva: ''Topaa'nga'') is an unincorporated community in western Los Angeles County, California, United States. Located in the Santa Monica Mountains, the community exists in Topanga Canyon and the surrounding hills. The narrow southern ...

and

Point Dume Point Dume is a promontory on the coast of Malibu, California that juts out into the Pacific Ocean. The point, a long bluff, forms the northern end of the Santa Monica Bay. Point Dume Natural Area affords a vista of the Palos Verdes Peninsul ...

. His report, however, was not successful. In 1938, May Rindge (widow of

) lost control of her Santa Monica Mountain lands and was forced into bankruptcy. She proposed to establish a park in exchange for the cancellation of $1.1 million in unpaid taxes, but the county refused her offer. Heteromeles arbutifolia 1

In the 1960s and 70s, possibly even as early of the 1950s, several proposals designating the Santa Monica Mountains as Toyon National Park went before

U.S. Congress The United States Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government of the United States. It is a bicameral legislature, including a lower body, the U.S. House of Representatives, and an upper body, the U.S. Senate. They both ...

, and in 1971, Representative Alphonzo Bell Jr. introduced the first a bill to create Toyon National Park.

State Parks

In 1944,

Will Rogers State Historic Park Will Rogers State Historic Park is a California State Historic Park in the Santa Monica Mountains, in the Pacific Palisades area of Los Angeles. The park was established in 1944 to preserve the estate of American humorist Will Rogers, includi ...

was created, marking the first state park in the Santa Monica Mountains and the first public land in the mountains since

Griffith Park Griffith Park is a large municipal park at the eastern end of the Santa Monica Mountains, in the Los Feliz neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. The park includes popular attractions such as the Los Angeles Zoo, the Autry Museum of the Amer ...

in 1896. In 1967, the State Division of Beaches and Parks acquired of the Broome Ranch (originally part of

Rancho Guadalasca Rancho Guadalasca was a Ranchos of California, Mexican land grant in present-day Ventura County, California, given in 1836 by Governor Mariano Chico to Ysabel Yorba. The grant was in the southern part of the county, bordering on Los Angeles Coun ...

) for $15.1 million , which they used to establish

Point Mugu State Park Point Mugu State Park is a state park located in the Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area in Southern California. The rugged, nearly impassible shoreline of the western Santa Monica Mountains gives way to tidal lagoons and coastal sand ...

. In 1972, the park system purchased for $2.1 million , nearly doubling the park's size. In 1980, a remaining that adjoined the property was purchased, becoming

Rancho Sierra Vista Rancho Sierra Vista in Ventura County, California, United States, is one of the last intact ranches from the first half of the twentieth century in the Santa Monica Mountains. The majority of the landscape is much as it was 100 years ago. The ...

open space park. In 1974, the

Topanga State Park Topanga State Park () is a California state park located in the Santa Monica Mountains, within Los Angeles County, California. It is part of the Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area. The park is located adjacent to the Topanga neigh ...

(originally Topanga Canyon State Park) was opened to the public. The park encompass large areas outside

Topanga Canyon Topanga (Tongva: ''Topaa'nga'') is an unincorporated community in western Los Angeles County, California, United States. Located in the Santa Monica Mountains, the community exists in Topanga Canyon and the surrounding hills. The narrow southern ...

, from

Pacific Coast Highway Pacific Coast Highway may refer to: Roads * Pacific Coast Highway or PCH, segments of California State Route 1 * Pacific Coast Highway, parts of New Zealand State Highway 2 and all of New Zealand State Highway 25 and New Zealand State Highway 35. ...

Mulholland Drive Mulholland Drive is a street and road in the eastern Santa Monica Mountains of Southern California. It is named after pioneering Los Angeles civil engineer William Mulholland. The western rural portion in Los Angeles and Ventura counties is n ...

. Also in 1974, the State of California purchased the Century Ranch including a 120-acre property formerly owned by

Ronald Reagan Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th president of the United States from 1981 to 1989. He was a member of the Republican Party (United States), Republican Party a ...

for $4.8 million . In 1975,

Bob Hope Leslie Townes "Bob" Hope (May 29, 1903 – July 27, 2003) was an American comedian, actor, entertainer and producer with a career that spanned nearly 80 years and achievements in vaudeville, network radio, television, and USO Tours. He appeared ...

's Century Ranch-abutting Hope Ranch was purchased for $4.1 million , and in 1976, the State Parks and Recreation Commission officially named the Century, Reagan, and Hope Ranch lands

Malibu Creek State Park Malibu Creek State Park is a state park of California, United States, preserving the Malibu Creek canyon in the Santa Monica Mountains. The park was established in 1974. Opened to the public in 1976, the park is also a component of Santa Mo ...

.Robert A. Jones, "Century Ranch gets Park Status in Compromise," ''Los Angeles Times'', January 10, 1976, page B1.

Establishment of the National Recreation Area

In 1964, Susan B. Nelson, later known as the mother of the Santa Monica Mountain National Recreation Area, helped organize Friends of the Santa Monica Mountains, Parks and Seashore. The SMMNRA was established on November 10, 1978,McLellan, Dennis (May 22, 2003
Susan Nelson, 76; Mountain Parklands Advocate
Obituary. ''

'' with a strategy of growing the park through "mosaic pieces" that would link critical habitats, save unique areas, and expand the existing park. Rancho Sierra Vista

In the 1980s, the

Santa Monica Mountains Conservancy The Santa Monica Mountains Conservancy is an agency of the state of California in the United States founded in 1980 and dedicated to the acquisition of land for preservation as open space, for wildlife and California native plants habitat Na ...

was created to acquire and preserve land for open spaces, habitat preserves, and public recreation. One of their first acquisitions was

in 1980, and

Paramount Ranch A movie ranch is a ranch that is at least partially dedicated for use as a set in the creation and production of motion pictures and television shows. These were developed in the United States in southern California, because of the climate. Movie ...

was also acquired that year. In the early 1990s,

created controversy when he proposed selling of land in the Corral Canyon area to the government in exchange for in the nearby Cheeseboro Canyon section of the SMMNRA, land he planned to use for access road to a new golf course and housing development. The land swap was never completed, with the Jordan Ranch becoming the Palo Commado section of the Cheeseboro Canyon/Palo Comado Canyon Open Space parks and most of the land for the Corral Canyon Park later donated by Hope. Rolling Hills at Upper Las Virgenes Canyon

Rolling Hills at Upper Las Virgenes Canyon

In 2003, Ahmanson Ranch was acquired by the

to create the

Upper Las Virgenes Canyon Open Space Preserve The Upper Las Virgenes Canyon Open Space Preserve is a large open space nature preserve owned and operated by the Santa Monica Mountains Conservancy spanning nearly in the Simi Hills of western Los Angeles County and eastern Ventura County. ...

. In 2010, of land northwest of the

U.S. 101 U.S. Route 101, or U.S. Highway 101 (US 101), is a major north–south highway that traverses the states of California, Oregon, and Washington on the West Coast of the United States. It is part of the United States Numbered Highway Syst ...

Las Virgenes Road Las Virgenes Road / Malibu Canyon Road is a north–south road that runs for and traverses the Santa Monica Mountains in Los Angeles County, connecting California State Route 1 in Malibu with U.S. Route 101, the San Fernando Valley, and the Up ...

junction, as well as additional land to the southeast of Las Virgenes Road, were acquired by the Santa Monica Mountain Conservancy. Additionally, several hills with undeveloped ranch land in the area also had their

viewshed A viewshed is the geographical area that is visible from a location. It includes all surrounding points that are in line-of-sight with that location and excludes points that are beyond the horizon or obstructed by terrain and other features (e.g. ...

s protected from development, and these areas now serve as an unofficial gateway to the SMMNRA and its visitor center on Las Virgenes Road at

King Gillette Ranch King Camp Gillette (January 5, 1855 – July 9, 1932) was an American businessman who invented a bestselling safety razor. Gillette's innovation was the thin, inexpensive, disposable blade of stamped steel. Gillette is often erroneously credit ...

. In 2018, the

Woolsey Fire The Woolsey Fire was a wildfire that started in Los Angeles County and spread north to neighboring Ventura County, both located in the U.S. state of California. The fire ignited on November 8, 2018, and was not fully contained until November 2 ...

burned 88% of the federal parkland and more than 40% of the natural area in the Santa Monica Mountains.

Park superintendents

*Robert Chandler, 1979–1982 *Daniel Kuehn, 1983–1988 *William Webb (Acting Superintendent), 1988–1989 *David Gackenbach, 1989–1995 *Arthur Eck, 1995–2002 *Woody Smeck, 2002–2012 *David Szymanski, 2012–2024 *Jody Lyle, 2024–present

Studies

In order to understand the effects of

on Santa Monica Mountains wildlife survival, movement, and genetic diversity, the

began tracking

bobcats The bobcat (''Lynx rufus''), also known as the wildcat, bay lynx, or red lynx, is one of the four extant species within the medium-sized wild cat genus ''Lynx''. Native to North America, it ranges from southern Canada through most of the con ...

in the area in 1996,

mountain lions The cougar (''Puma concolor'') (, '' KOO-gər''), also called puma, mountain lion, catamount and panther is a large small cat native to the Americas. It inhabits North, Central and South America, making it the most widely distributed wild ...

in 2002, and black bears in 2019. The

Wallis Annenberg Wildlife Crossing The Wallis Annenberg Wildlife Crossing is an under construction vegetated overpass in Agoura Hills, California, at Liberty Canyon. Originally called the Liberty Canyon Wildlife Crossing, the bridge will be the largest wildlife crossing in the w ...

, a vegetated overpass spanning

at Liberty Canyon, is meant to alleviate some of the negative effects discovered by the study. The

's Rim of the Valley Corridor Special Resource Study, which entails connecting the

and parklands surrounding the

San Fernando San Fernando may refer to: People *Ferdinand III of Castile (c. 1200–1252), called ''San Fernando'' (Spanish) or ''Saint Ferdinand'', King of Castile, León, and Galicia Places Argentina *San Fernando de la Buena Vista, city of Greater Buenos ...

, Crescenta,

Santa Clarita Santa Clarita (; Spanish for "Little St. Clare") is a city in northwestern Los Angeles County, California, United States. With a 2020 census population of 228,673, it is the third-most populous city in Los Angeles County, the 17th-most populo ...

, Simi, and Conejo valleys is also currently under study. This study could involve adding up to to the SMMNRA.

Cultural resources

The

have been occupied by humans for more than 10,000 years and contain many prehistoric and historic sites. More than 1,000 archaeological sites are in the Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area, making it one of the highest densities of archaeological resources in any mountain range in the world. At least 73 archeological sites, structures,

cultural landscapes Cultural landscape is a term used in the fields of geography, ecology, and heritage studies, to describe a symbiosis of human activity and environment. As defined by the World Heritage Committee, it is the "cultural properties hatrepresent the c ...

, and cultural properties in the SMMNRA are eligible for listing on the

National Register of Historic Places The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) is the Federal government of the United States, United States federal government's official United States National Register of Historic Places listings, list of sites, buildings, structures, Hist ...

. The SMMNRA also contains 26 known

Chumash Chumash may refer to: *Chumash (Judaism), a Hebrew word for the Pentateuch, used in Judaism *Chumash people, a Native American people of southern California *Chumashan languages, Indigenous languages of California See also

* Pentateuch (dis ...

pictograph A pictogram (also pictogramme, pictograph, or simply picto) is a graphical symbol that conveys meaning through its visual resemblance to a physical object. Pictograms are used in systems of writing and visual communication. A pictography is a wri ...

sites and a number of

California Historical Landmark A California Historical Landmark (CHL) is a building, structure, site, or place in the U.S. state of California that has been determined to have statewide historical landmark significance. Criteria Historical significance is determined by meetin ...

s lie within the area, including the site of the Port of Los Angeles Long Wharf (#881),

(#965), and

Adamson House The Adamson House and its estate, known as Vaquero Hill in the 19th century, is a historic house built by Rhoda Adamson and gardens in Malibu, California, Malibu, California. The residence and estate is on the coast, within Malibu Lagoon State ...

(#966). Also within the SMMNRA is

, however, the

severely damaged the ranch in 2018.

Santa Monica Mountains Fund The Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area (SMMNRA) is a national recreation area containing many individual parks and open space preserves, located primarily in Southern California's Santa Monica Mountains. Located in greater Los Angele ...

(SAMO Fund) works to encourage appreciation and understanding of the Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area (SMMNRA) by supporting its

and

California State Parks California State Parks is the state park system for the U.S. state of California. The system is administered by the California Department of Parks and Recreation, a department under the California Natural Resources Agency. The California State ...

programs. The SMMNRA encompasses homelands of indigenous people including the

Chumash people The Chumash are a Native Americans in the United States, Native American people of the central and southern coastal regions of California, in portions of what is now Kern County, California, Kern, San Luis Obispo County, California, San Luis O ...

in the western portion and the

Tongva The Tongva ( ) are an Indigenous peoples of California, Indigenous people of California from the Los Angeles Basin and the Channel Islands of California, Southern Channel Islands, an area covering approximately . In the precolonial era, the peop ...

people in the eastern end.

National Recreation Area information

The

Anthony C. Beilenson Anthony Charles Beilenson (October 26, 1932 – March 5, 2017) was an American lawyer and politician who served as a Democratic Congressman from Southern California. He served ten terms in the United States House of Representatives from 1977 unt ...

Interagency Visitor Center opened in June 2012 and is operated by four partner agencies:

, California State Parks, Santa Monica Conservancy, and Mountains Recreation and Conservation Authority. The

Satwiwa Native American Indian Culture Center Satwiwa (Chumash: "the bluffs") was a former Chumash village in the Santa Monica Mountains of Newbury Park, California. The current Satwiwa Native American Indian Culture Center is operated by the National Park Service in cooperation with the Fri ...

is the only site in the SMMNRA dedicated to Indian cultures. Park headquarters are located offsite in

Thousand Oaks Thousand Oaks is the second-largest city in Ventura County, California, located in the northwestern part of Greater Los Angeles. Approximately from the city of Los Angeles and from Downtown Los Angeles, it is named after the many oak trees pr ...

. Main entrances to the SMMNRA are located in Malibu, Newbury Park,

Agoura Hills Agoura Hills () is a city situated in the Santa Monica Mountains region of Los Angeles County, California, United States. With a population of 20,330 as of the 2010 United States census, 2010 census, which decreased to 20,299 in 2020. Agoura H ...

Calabasas Calabasas may refer to: * Calabasas, Arizona, former populated place in what is now Rio Rico, Arizona * Calabasas, California, city in Los Angeles County, California See also * Calabaza Calabaza is the generic name in the Spanish langua ...

, Woodland Hills, and

Parks within

State Parks

Leo Carrillo Leopoldo Antonio Carrillo (; August 6, 1880 – September 10, 1961) was an American actor, vaudevillian, political cartoonist, and conservationist. He was notable for playing Pancho in the television series ''The Cisco Kid'' (1950–1956 ...

Malibu Creek Malibu Creek is a year-round stream in western Los Angeles County, California. It drains the southern Conejo Valley and Simi Hills, flowing south through the Santa Monica Mountains, and enters Santa Monica Bay in Malibu. Distribution The ...

Point Mugu Point Mugu (, Chumash: ''Muwu'') is a cape or promontory within Point Mugu State Park on the Pacific Coast in Ventura County, near the city of Port Hueneme and the city of Oxnard. The name is believed to be derived from the Chumash India ...

Beaches

Carbon Carbon () is a chemical element; it has chemical symbol, symbol C and atomic number 6. It is nonmetallic and tetravalence, tetravalent—meaning that its atoms are able to form up to four covalent bonds due to its valence shell exhibiting 4 ...

County Line Borders are generally defined as geographical boundaries, imposed either by features such as oceans and terrain, or by political entities such as governments, sovereign states, federated states, and other subnational entities. Political borders ...

* Robert H. Meyer (El Matador, El Pescador, and La Piedra) * Las Tunas *

Malibu Lagoon Malibu Lagoon State Beach in Malibu, California, United States, is also known as Surfrider Beach. It was dedicated as the first World Surfing Reserve on October 9, 2010. The site was established as a California state park in 1951. It lies wit ...

Santa Monica Santa Monica (; Spanish language, Spanish: ''Santa Mónica'') is a city in Los Angeles County, California, Los Angeles County, situated along Santa Monica Bay on California's South Coast (California), South Coast. Santa Monica's 2020 United Sta ...

* Thornhill Broome *

* Zuma

Other

* Arroyo Sequit *

Backbone Trail System The Backbone Trail is a long-distance trail extending 67.79 miles (109.10 km) across the Santa Monica Mountains in the U.S. state of California. Its western terminus is Point Mugu State Park, and its eastern terminus is Will Rogers State Hi ...

Circle X Ranch Circle X Ranch is a park unit located in the Triunfo Pass within the southwestern Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area, in Ventura County, California. It is located in the western Santa Monica Mountains. Sandstone Peak, the highest ...

* Corral Canyon *

Franklin Canyon Franklin Canyon Park is a public municipal park located near Benedict Canyon, Los Angeles, California, Benedict Canyon, at the eastern end of the Santa Monica Mountains, in Los Angeles, California. The park comprises 605 acres (245 ha), and ...

Marvin Braude Marvin Braude (August 11, 1920 – December 7, 2005) was a member of the Los Angeles City Council for 32 years, between 1965 and 1997—the third-longest-serving council member in the history of the city. During his tenure on the Los Angeles City ...

* Morrison Ranch *

* Peter Strauss Ranch *

* Rocky Oaks -access date: September 6, 2010 Rocky Oaks Park * Runyon Canyon * Solstice Canyon *

* Zuma and Trancas Canyons

References

External links

*
Visitor Center for Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area
— ''at King Gillette Ranch Park''.

Wildflowers of the Santa Monica Mountains

Outdoor LA Hiking Trails
— ''Trail and trailhead maps and directions''.
Santa Monica Mountains Conservancy

Santa Monica Mountains Fund
* McLellan, Dennis (May 22, 2003

Obituary. ''

'' * Woo, Elaine (May 23, 2008
Hiker pushed for an L.A. national park
Obituary: Jill Swift, 1928–2008. ''

'' * Nelson, Valerie J. (June 29, 2012
Margot Feuer dies at 89; helped create Santa Monica Mountains park
Obituary. ''

'' {{authority control National recreation areas of the United States * Simi Hills Regional parks in California National Park Service National Recreation Areas Parks in Los Angeles Parks in Los Angeles County, California Parks in the San Fernando Valley Parks in Ventura County, California Protected areas established in 1978 Protected areas of Los Angeles County, California Geography of Ventura County, California National Park Service areas in California Venues of the 2028 Summer Olympics Olympic cycling venues