The Sa'dabad Complex ( fa, مجموعه سعدآباد – ''Majmue ye Sa’dābād'') is a 110 hectare complex built by the

Qajar Qajar Iran (), also referred to as Qajar Persia, the Qajar Empire, '. Sublime State of Persia, officially the Sublime State of Iran ( fa, دولت علیّه ایران ') and also known then as the Guarded Domains of Iran ( fa, ممالک م� ...

and Pahlavi monarchs, located in

Shemiran Shemirān ( fa, شمیران, , also Romanized as Shemīrān or Šemirân), also known as Shemirānāt ( fa, شمیرانات ) is the capital of Shemiranat County, Tehran Province, Iran, but is actually located just north of the borders of Te ...

Greater Tehran Greater Tehran is the urban agglomeration around Tehran that covers the central part of the Tehran Province and eastern part of the Alborz Province, that covers the contiguous cities of Tehran, Ray, Shemirānāt, and other areas. As of 2012, ...

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkm ...

. Today, the official residence of the

President of Iran The president of Iran ( fa, رئیس‌جمهور ایران, Rayis Jomhur-e Irān) is the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The president is the second highest-ranking official of Iran after the Supreme Leader. The president ...

is located adjacent to the complex. The complex includes more than 180 hectares of natural forest, streets,

qanat A qanat or kārīz is a system for transporting water from an aquifer or water well to the surface, through an underground aqueduct; the system originated approximately 3,000 BC in what is now Iran. The function is essentially the same acro ...

s, galleries, mansions/palaces and museums.

History

The complex was initially built and inhabited by

dynasty of monarchs in the 19th century. After extensive expansions,

Reza Shah Reza Shah Pahlavi ( fa, رضا شاه پهلوی; ; originally Reza Khan (); 15 March 1878 – 26 July 1944) was an Iranian Officer (armed forces), military officer, politician (who served as Ministry of Defence and Armed Forces Logistics (Iran), ...

of the

Pahlavi Dynasty The Pahlavi dynasty ( fa, دودمان پهلوی) was the last Iranian royal dynasty, ruling for almost 54 years between 1925 and 1979. The dynasty was founded by Reza Shah Pahlavi, a non-aristocratic Mazanderani soldier in modern times, who ...

resided there in the 1920s. His son, Shah

Mohammad Reza Pahlavi Mohammad Reza Pahlavi ( fa, محمدرضا پهلوی, ; 26 October 1919 – 27 July 1980), also known as Mohammad Reza Shah (), was the last ''Shah'' (King) of the Imperial State of Iran from 16 September 1941 until his overthrow in the Irani ...

, moved there in the 1970s. In 1978, President

Jimmy Carter James Earl Carter Jr. (born October 1, 1924) is an American politician who served as the 39th president of the United States from 1977 to 1981. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as the 76th governor of Georgia from 19 ...

stayed in the palace during a visit to Pahlavi Iran to guarantee U.S. support for the regime. After the

1979 Revolution The Iranian Revolution ( fa, انقلاب ایران, Enqelâb-e Irân, ), also known as the Islamic Revolution ( fa, انقلاب اسلامی, Enqelâb-e Eslâmī), was a series of events that culminated in the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynas ...

, the complex became a public museum.

Present use

Large parts of the complex are museums, which are accessible to visitors. Other parts are currently used by the Office of the President of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The complex is operated by the

Cultural Heritage Organization of Iran Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicraft Organization ( fa, وزارت میراث فرهنگی، گردشگری و صنایع دستی ایران, ''Vâzart-e Miras-e Ferhengi-ye, Gârdâshigâri-ye vâ Sânai'-ye Dâsti-ye Iran'') is ...

which is responsible for most of the artifacts, locations, and cultural aspects of the country.

Sites

Gates to the complex

* Nezamie Gate, from which

would enter the complex. * Zaferanie Gate, Currently used by the presidency organization. * Gate of Darband Street, from which the Shah

would enter the complex. * Gate of Darband Square * Ja'far Abad Gate (1st) * Ja'far Abad Gate (2nd) * River Gate * The White House Gate

Main buildings

* ''

Ahmad Shah Qajar Ahmad Shah Qajar ( fa, احمد شاه قاجار; 21 January 1898 – 21 February 1930) was Shah of Persia ( Iran) from 16 July 1909 to 15 December 1925, and the last ruling member of the Qajar dynasty. Ahmad Shah was born in Tabriz on 21 Janu ...

Palace'' :: * ''The Green Palace'' :: * The Mellat Museum ::''The White Palace'', former official residence of Shah

and Empress

Farah Diba Farah Pahlavi ( fa, فرح پهلوی, née Farah Diba ( fa, فرح دیبا, label=none); born 14 October 1938) is the widow of the last Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and was successively Queen and Empress ('' Shahbanu'') of Iran from ...

. * Museum of Natural History ::''The Special Palace'', currently used by the presidency organization. * Museum of Fine Arts ::''The Black Palace'' * Museum of Anthropology ::''Princess Shams Palace'', named after

Shams Pahlavi Shams Pahlavi ( fa, شمس پهلوی; – ) was an Iranian royal of the Pahlavi dynasty, who was the elder sister of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran. During her brother's reign she was the president of the Red Lion and Sun Soci ...

. * Museum of Glassware and Handicrafts ::Princess ''Ashraf Palace'', named after the sister of

. * Building of the Amendment 36 (a governmental agency) ::''Prince Gholam Reza palace'', named after

Gholam Reza Pahlavi Gholam Reza Pahlavi ( fa, غلامرضا پهلوی‎; 15 May 1923 – 7 May 2017) was an Iranian prince and a member of the Pahlavi dynasty, as the son of Reza Shah and half-brother of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran. Following ...

. * Palace ''of the King Mother'' ::Currently used by the presidency organization. * ''Prince Ahmad Reza Palace'', named after 2nd son of

::Currently used by the presidency organization. * Administration of the complex ::''Prince Abdol Reza Palace'', named after

Abdul Reza Pahlavi Abdul Reza Pahlavi ( fa, عبدالرضا پهلوی; 19 August 1924 – 11 May 2004) was a member of Iran's Pahlavi dynasty. He was a son of Reza Shah and a half-brother of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. Early life and education Abdul Reza Pahlavi was ...

, the son of

. * The Training Center ::''Prince Bahman Palace'', named after the son of

. * The Military Museum ::''Prince Shahram Palace'', named after the son of

Ashraf Pahlavi Ashraf ol-Molouk Pahlavi ( fa, اشرف‌الملوک پهلوی, , 26 October 1919 – 7 January 2016) was the twin sister of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran (Persia), and a member of the Pahlavi dynasty. She was considered the "pow ...

. * Museum of Artistic Creatures ::''Palace of

Farideh Ghotbi Farideh Ghotbi (; née Tadji Ghotbi; 1 February 1920 – 29 November 2000), also known as Farideh Diba (), was an Iranian public figure. She was the mother of Farah Pahlavi (née Diba), the former Shahbanu and third wife of Mohammad Reza Pahl ...

'', mother of Empress

. * The Behzad Museum ::''1st Palace of Reza Pahlavi'', named after Reza Pahlavi II. * Museum of Treasure (The Dafine Museum) ::''2nd Palace of Reza Pahlavi'', currently used by the presidency organization. * Museum of Mir Emad Calligraphy ::''Palace of Princess Farahnaz and Prince Ali Reza'', named after Farahnaz and

Ali Reza Ali Reza (also spelled Alireza or Ali-Reza) is a given name popular among Iranians referring to the imams of Shia Islam Ali and Ali al-Ridha. People Ali Reza * Ali-Reza Asgari, Iranian general * Ali Reza Eftekhari, Iranian pop singer * Ali Reza N ...

, children of

. * The Abkar Museum ::''Princess Leila Palace'', named after

Leila Pahlavi Leila Pahlavi ( fa, لیلا پهلوی, 27 March 1970 – 10 June 2001) was a princess of Iran and the youngest daughter of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran, and his third wife, Farah Pahlavi. Early life Leila Pahlavi was born on 27 March 1 ...

Palace of the King's mother

During the Pahlavi period, this palace was the place of the last years of Reza Shah's life before his exile to Mauritius. It was also the place of residence of the king's mother ( Taj al-Muluk) until the time of the 1979 Revolution. This palace is currently in the possession of the Presidential Institution of Iran and is reserved for special guests of the Government of Iran; and for this reason it is also famous as "The Republic Building". This palace is also currently inaccessible to the public.

The green palace

The Green Museum Palace has been called "the most beautiful palace in Iran". This palace is important due to its historical and architectural importance. It dates back to the Qajar period and has two styles of Iranian architecture. They called this palace "The Stone Palace" during the reign of Reza Khan and "The Shahvand palace" during the reign of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi; later, ii was called "The Green Palace" because of its green façade.

The Mellat Museum

The Palace of the Nation Museum with an area of 7,000 square meters is the largest palace in Sa'dabad complex; and was also famous as "The White House" due to its white facade. Other names of this palace during different years were: The King's Palace, The Private Palace and The Private White House. Until after the 1979 revolution and the transfer of the complex to the Cultural Heritage Organization, it was renamed "The Palace of the Nation Museum" (Mellat museum in Persian). The construction of the Palace, began in the late Pahlavi period.

Gallery

File:Sa'dabad Palace Darafshs (1).jpg, Statue of the Shah's Legs File:Kakh-e-sabz.JPG, The Green Palace File:White palace.JPG, The White Palace File:کاخ موزه سعدآباد۵.jpg, Princess Shams palace File:کاخ موزه سعدآباد۷.jpg, Prince Bahman Palace File:View of the saadabad palace.JPG, Side view of the Green Palace File:Hall Mirror - Shahvand Castle 1.jpg, Mirror Hall of the Green Palace File:Sa'dabad Palace Darafsh (172).jpg, Section of the Royal Cars File:کاخ موزه سعدآباد۴.jpg, Museum of the Royal Clothes File:Sa'dabad Palace Darafsh (181).jpg, Section of Reza Shah's clothes File:Sadabad Complex entrance.jpg, Sa'adabad Gate File:20191106134346_IMG_1620.jpg

References

External links

Official websiteIrprsiatour Website
{{authority control Buildings of the Qajar period Architecture in Iran Palaces in Tehran Royal residences in Iran Tourist attractions in Tehran Museums in Tehran National museums of Iran Houses completed in the 19th century Persian gardens in Iran Historic house museums in Iran Palaces in Iran