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Ahmad Shah Qajar
Ahmad Shah Qajar (; 21 January 1898 – 21 February 1930) was the List of monarchs of Iran, shah of Iran (Name of Iran, Persia) from 16 July 1909 to 15 December 1925, and the seventh and final ruling member of the Qajar dynasty. Ahmad Shah was born in Tabriz on 21 January 1898 and ascended the throne at the age of 12 after the removal of his father Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar, Mohammad Ali Shah by the Parliament on 16 July 1909. Due to his young age, his uncle, Ali Reza Khan Azod al-Molk, Ali-Reza Khan, took charge of state affairs as Regent. Upon reaching the age of majority, Ahmad Shah was formally crowned on 21 July 1914. Reign On 16 July 1909, Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar, Mohammad Ali Shah was Triumph of Tehran, overthrown by rebels seeking to restore the 1906 Constitution. The rebels then convened the Islamic Consultative Assembly, Grand Majles of 500 delegates from different backgrounds, which placed Ahmad Shah, Mohammad Ali's eleven-year-old son, on the Sun Throne. The Gran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Monarchs Of Iran
The monarchs of Iran ruled for over two and a half millennia, beginning as early as the 7th century BC and enduring until the 20th century AD. The earliest Iranian king is generally considered to have been either Deioces of the Median dynasty () or Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty (550–330 BC). The last Iranian king was Mohammad Reza Pahlavi of the Pahlavi dynasty (1925–1979), which was overthrown by the Islamic Revolution. Since then, Iran has been governed as an Islamic republic#Iran, Islamic republic. In classical antiquity, Iran reached the peak of its power and prestige under the Achaemenid Empire, which stretched from Achaemenid Egypt, Egypt and parts of Southeast Europe in the west to the Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley, Indus Valley and parts of Central Asia in the east. By 323 BC, the Achaemenid Empire's territories had been conquered by the Macedonian Empire during the Wars of Alexander the Great, bringing Iran into the Hellenistic period, Hellenist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hassan Pirnia
Hassan Pirnia ( ; 1871 – 20 November 1935), titled Moshir-od-Dowleh, was a prominent Iranian politician of 20th-century Iran. He held a total of twenty-four posts during his political career, serving four times as Prime Minister of Iran. He was also a historian, co-founding the Society for the National Heritage of Iran. Personal life Hassan was the eldest son of Mirza Nasrullah Khan, a Prime Minister during the Qajar era. Hassan also had a younger brother named Hossein, who served as speaker of the Parliament of Iran. Career Hassan became Iran's Minister to the Russian Court before returning to Iran, where he founded the Tehran School of Political Science in 1899. Upon his father's death, he assumed the title of Moshir al Dowleh, playing an important role in drafting the Persian Constitution of 1906. Hassan was given an Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George by the British crown in 1907. From 1907 to 1908, Pirn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fereydoun Mirza Qajar
Shahzada Freydoun Mirza Qajar (; January 22, 1922 – September 24, 1975) was a son of Ahmad Shah Qajar, the last shah of the Qajar dynasty. Biography Freydoun Qajar was born at the Golestan Palace, Tehran, on 22 January 1922. He was educated in the University of Geneva, Switzerland. In his last will, written handwritten in French, Ahmad Shah Qajar willed Freydoun Mirza be his heir and crown prince. The point, however, was not pressed by Fereydoun Mirza's trustees, for personal and familial reasons. Mohammad Hassan Mirza retained the title of crown prince and declared himself Shah Shāh (; ) is a royal title meaning "king" in the Persian language.Yarshater, Ehsa, ''Iranian Studies'', vol. XXII, no. 1 (1989) Though chiefly associated with the monarchs of Iran, it was also used to refer to the leaders of numerous Per ... in exile in 1930. Freydoun was the Head of the Imperial House of Qajar after the death of his father on 27 February 1930. Freydoun died at Geneva, hav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irandokht
Irandokht ( 1916-1984 –) was a princess of Iran. She was the first child of Badr al-Molouk and Ahmad Shah Qajar, the last ruling member of the Qajar dynasty. She was princess of Persia before leaving the country with her parents when she was 10 years old, when her father was deposed in 1925. While Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was in Switzerland for his education, he saw Irandokht and fell in love with her and told his father, Reza Shah about her. After Irandokht's arrival in Tehran Tehran (; , ''Tehrân'') is the capital and largest city of Iran. It is the capital of Tehran province, and the administrative center for Tehran County and its Central District (Tehran County), Central District. With a population of around 9. ..., Reza Shah would not allow them to get married. Following his divorce from Fawzia of Egypt, Pahlavi, who was now Shah, seems to have again considered marrying Irandokht, who was by then also separated from her first husband, but was dissuaded by the fact t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Badr Al-Molouk
Badr al-Molouk (), was the first wife of Ahmad Shah Qajar, the last Shah of the Qajar dynasty. Badr al-Molouk was born in 1897 in Tabriz. She was the daughter of the Qajar Prince Zahir as-Sultan Vala and Afagh Khanom. At four years old, her future mother-in-law, Princess Malekeh Jahan, arranged her marriage to Crown Prince Ahmad Mirza. She was educated at the only girls school in Tehran. Badr al-Molouk was taken from school and married to Ahmad Mirza when she was twelve years old in 1909. The wedding was held by the Crown Prince's mother, Malekeh Jahan, and was a great ceremony. Later the same year, her spouse succeeded to the throne as Ahmad Shah Qajar. She did not play a public role during the reign of her spouse, since royal women at this time period still lived in seclusion. In 1923, her husband was deposed, bringing an end to the Qajar dynasty's rule. She accompanied him to her mother-in-law in Baghdad and then to Lebanon and France. When Reza Shah, the new ruler of Iran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malekeh Jahan
Malekeh-Jahan (; 21 June 1875 5 November 1947) was the queen consort of her cousin Mohammad Ali Shah of Iran, and the mother of Ahmad Shah Qajar. She played a political role during the reign of her husband as a supporter in his struggle against the Constitutional Party. Life She was a member of the Qajar dynasty as the daughter of Prince Kamran Mirza Nayeb es-Saltaneh and Sorour ed-Dowleh. In 1892, she married her cousin, Mohammad Ali Shah. The marriage was arranged. Her cousin had to divorce his first wife prior to their wedding, and out of consideration for her status, he did not marry another after their wedding. Reign of Mohammad Ali Shah In 1907, her spouse succeeded to the throne. When she became queen, she naturally was called Queen Jahan. However, Queen Jahan also can be interpreted as Malekeh-ye Jahan or "Queen of the World". Malekeh Jahan was acknowledged to have played a political role during the reign of Mohammad Ali Shah. Her husband's reign took place during ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammad Ali Shah
Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar (; 21 June 1872 – 5 April 1925) was the sixth shah of the Qajar dynasty and remained the Shah of Iran from 8 January 1907 until being deposed on 16 July 1909. He was furthermore the grandson of Iran’s early moderniser Amir Kabir, through the maternal side. Biography Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar was opposed to the Persian Constitution of 1906, which had been ratified during the reign of his father, Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar. Therefore, he was frequently criticized by the publications of the period, including a weekly newspaper ''Musavat''. In 1907, Mohammad Ali dissolved the National Consultative Assembly and declared the Constitution abolished because it was contrary to Islamic law. p. 285-286 He bombarded the Majles (Iranian parliament) with the military and political support of Russia and Britain. In July 1909, pro-Constitution forces marched from Iran's provinces to Tehran led by Sardar As'ad, Sepehdar A'zam, Sattar Khan, Bagher Khan and Ye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qajar Dynasty
The Qajar family (; 1789–1925) was an Iranian royal family founded by Mohammad Khan (), a member of the Qoyunlu clan of the Turkoman-descended Qajar tribe. The dynasty's effective rule in Iran ended in 1925 when Iran's '' Majlis'', convening as a constituent assembly on 12 December 1925, declared Reza Shah, a former brigadier-general of the Persian Cossack Brigade, as the new ''shah'' of what became known as Pahlavi Iran. List of Qajar monarchs Qajar imperial family The Qajar Imperial Family in exile is currently headed by the eldest descendant of Mohammad Ali Shah, Sultan Mohammad Ali Mirza Qajar, while the Heir Presumptive to the Qajar throne is Mohammad Hassan Mirza II, the grandson of Mohammad Hassan Mirza, Sultan Ahmad Shah's brother and heir. Mohammad Hassan Mirza died in England in 1943, having proclaimed himself shah in exile in 1930 after the death of his brother in France. Today, the descendants of the Qajars often identify themselves as such and hol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reza Khan
Reza Shah Pahlavi born Reza Khan (15 March 1878 – 26 July 1944) was shah of Iran from 1925 to 1941 and founder of the roughly 53 years old Pahlavi dynasty. Originally a military officer, he became a politician, serving as minister of war and prime minister of Iran, and was elected shah following the deposition of the last monarch of the Qajar dynasty. Reza Shah's reign ended when he was forced to abdicate after the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran in 1941. He was succeeded by his eldest son, Mohammad Reza Shah. A moderniser, Reza Shah clashed with the Shia clergy and introduced social, economic, and political reforms during his reign, ultimately laying the foundations of the modern Iranian state. Therefore, he is regarded by many as the founder of modern Iran, until his ouster by the Islamic Revolution. At the age of 14, Reza Khan joined the Persian Cossack Brigade. He rose through the ranks, becoming a brigadier general by 1921. In 1911, he was promoted to first lieutenant; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmad Qavam
Ahmad Qavam (2 January 1873 – 23 July 1955; ), also known as Qavam os-Saltaneh (), was an Iranian politician who served as Prime Minister of Iran five times. Early life Qavam was born in 1873 to the prominent Iranian Qavam family. His uncle, Amin Aldoleh, was a Prime Minister of Iran. Hasan Vossug, who also served as Iran's Prime Minister twice, was his older brother. Qavam served in the court of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar early in his career and obtained the title ''os-Saltaneh'' during the Constitutional Revolution of Iran in 1909. The letter signed by Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar in acceptance of the Constitutional Revolution was written by Qavam, who had the title of ''Dabir-e Hozoor'' (Private Secretary) at the time. Qavam became Prime Minister several times during both the Qajar and Pahlavi eras. Twice he played a significant role in preventing the Soviet Union from annexing Iran's northern provinces. Political career Qavam was appointed governor of Khorasan provin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zia'eddin Tabatabaee
Seyyed Zia al-Din Tabataba'i Yazdi (; June 1889 – 29 August 1969) was an Iranian journalist and Persian Constitutional Revolution, pro-Constitution politician who, with the help of Reza Shah, spearheaded the 1921 Persian coup d'état and aimed to reform Qajar Iran, Qajar rule, which was in domestic turmoil and under foreign intervention. He subsequently became the 13th List of prime ministers of Iran, Prime Minister of Persia (Iran). Early life Zia was born in the city of Shiraz, Iran, Shiraz in June 1889. He was one of four children. His father took the family to Tabriz, Iran, Tabriz when Zia was two years old. He spent most of his early years in Tabriz, where his father, :fa:سید علی یزدی, Seyyed Ali Tabataba'i Yazdi was an influential cleric. When Zia was twelve he went to Tehran, and at fifteen, he moved back to Shiraz in the company of his grandmother, who was said to be a woman of unusual erudition and independence. By the age of sixteen he started his first ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
