administrative centre
An administrative centre is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune, is located.
In countries with French as the administrative language, such as Belgi ...
of
Rostov Oblast
Rostov Oblast ( rus, Росто́вская о́бласть, r=Rostovskaya oblastʹ, p=rɐˈstofskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ) is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located in the Southern Federal District. The oblast ...
and the
Southern Federal District
The Southern Federal District ( rus, Южный федеральный округ, p=ˈjuʐnɨj fʲɪdʲɪˈralʲnɨj ˈokrʊk) is one of the eight federal districts of Russia. Its territory lies mostly on the Pontic–Caspian steppe of Sou ...
of
Russia
Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
. It lies in the southeastern part of the
East European Plain
The East European Plain (also called the Russian Plain, "Extending from eastern Poland through the entire European Russia to the Ural Mountains, the ''East European Plain'' encompasses all of the Baltic states and Belarus, nearly all of Ukraine, ...
on the
Don River
The Don () is the fifth-longest river in Europe. Flowing from Central Russia to the Sea of Azov in Southern Russia, it is one of Russia's largest rivers and played an important role for traders from the Byzantine Empire.
Its basin is betwee ...
, from the
Sea of Azov
The Sea of Azov is an inland Continental shelf#Shelf seas, shelf sea in Eastern Europe connected to the Black Sea by the narrow (about ) Strait of Kerch, and sometimes regarded as a northern extension of the Black Sea. The sea is bounded by Ru ...
, directly north of the
North Caucasus
The North Caucasus, or Ciscaucasia, is a subregion in Eastern Europe governed by Russia. It constitutes the northern part of the wider Caucasus region, which separates Europe and Asia. The North Caucasus is bordered by the Sea of Azov and the B ...
. The southwestern suburbs of the city lie above the Don
river delta
A river delta is a landform, archetypically triangular, created by the deposition of the sediments that are carried by the waters of a river, where the river merges with a body of slow-moving water or with a body of stagnant water. The creat ...
. Rostov-on-Don has a population of over one million people and is an important cultural, educational, economic and logistical centre of
Southern Russia
Southern Russia or the South of Russia ( rus, Юг России, p=juk rɐˈsʲiɪ) is a Colloquialism, colloquial term for the southernmost geographic portion of European Russia. The term is generally used to refer to the region of Russia's So ...
.
History
Early history
From ancient times, the area around the mouth of the Don River has held cultural and commercial importance. Ancient indigenous inhabitants included the
Scythian
The Scythians ( or ) or Scyths (, but note Scytho- () in composition) and sometimes also referred to as the Pontic Scythians, were an ancient Eastern Iranian equestrian nomadic people who had migrated during the 9th to 8th centuries BC fr ...
and
Sarmatian
The Sarmatians (; ; Latin: ) were a large confederation of Ancient Iranian peoples, ancient Iranian Eurasian nomads, equestrian nomadic peoples who dominated the Pontic–Caspian steppe, Pontic steppe from about the 5th century BCE to the 4t ...
tribes. It was the site of
Tanais
Tanais ( ''Tánaïs''; ) was an ancient Greek city in the Don river delta, called the Maeotian marshes in classical antiquity. It was a bishopric as Tana and remains a Latin Catholic titular see as Tanais.
Location
The delta reaches into the ...
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...
Peter the Great
Peter I (, ;
– ), better known as Peter the Great, was the Sovereign, Tsar and Grand Prince of all Russia, Tsar of all Russia from 1682 and the first Emperor of Russia, Emperor of all Russia from 1721 until his death in 1725. He reigned j ...
, in order to control trade with
Turkey
Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...
. It was co-located with a
fortress
A fortification (also called a fort, fortress, fastness, or stronghold) is a military construction designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from L ...
named for
Dimitry of Rostov
Demetrius of Rostov (, , secular name Daniil Savvich Tuptalo, , or Tuptalenko, , according to some sources; 11 December 1651 28 October 1709) was a leading opponent of the Caesaropapist reform of the Russian Orthodox church promoted by Theophan ...
, a
metropolitan bishop
In Christianity, Christian Christian denomination, churches with episcopal polity, the rank of metropolitan bishop, or simply metropolitan (alternative obsolete form: metropolite), is held by the diocesan bishop or archbishop of a Metropolis (reli ...
Azov
Azov (, ), previously known as Azak ( Turki/ Kypchak: ),
is a town in Rostov Oblast, Russia, situated on the Don River just from the Sea of Azov, which derives its name from the town. The population is
History
Early settlements in the vici ...
, a town closer to the Sea of Azov on the Don, gradually lost its commercial importance in the region to the new fortress, but it remains an important historical center.
In 1756, the "Russian commercial and trading company of Constantinople" was founded at the "merchants' settlement" (Kupecheskaya Sloboda) on the high bank of the Don. Towards the end of the eighteenth century, with the incorporation of previously Ottoman Black Sea territories into the
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughl ...
, the settlement lost much of its militarily strategic importance as a frontier post.
In 1796, the settlement was chartered and in 1797, it became the seat of Rostovsky Uyezd within
Novorossiysk Governorate
Novorossiya Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit ('' guberniya'') of the Russian Empire, which existed in 1764–1783 and again in 1796–1802. It was created and governed according to the "Plan for the Colonization of New Russi ...
. In 1806, it was officially renamed Rostov-on-Don. During the 19th century, due to its river connections with Russia's interior, Rostov developed into a major trade centre and communications hub. A
railway
Rail transport (also known as train transport) is a means of transport using wheeled vehicles running in railway track, tracks, which usually consist of two parallel steel railway track, rails. Rail transport is one of the two primary means of ...
connection with
Kharkiv
Kharkiv, also known as Kharkov, is the second-largest List of cities in Ukraine, city in Ukraine.
was completed in 1870, with further links following in 1871 to
Voronezh
Voronezh ( ; , ) is a city and the administrative centre of Voronezh Oblast in southwestern Russia straddling the Voronezh River, located from where it flows into the Don River. The city sits on the Southeastern Railway, which connects wes ...
and in 1875 to
Vladikavkaz
Vladikavkaz, formerly known as Ordzhonikidze () or Dzaudzhikau (), is the capital city of North Ossetia–Alania, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the republic at the foothills of the Caucasus, situated on the Terek (river), Terek River. ...
.
Concurrent with improvements in communications, heavy industry developed.
Coal
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata called coal seams. Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other Chemical element, elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen.
Coal i ...
from the
Donets Basin
The Seversky Donets () or Siverskyi Donets (), usually simply called the Donets (), is a river on the south of the East European Plain. It originates in the Central Russian Upland, north of Belgorod, flows south-east through Ukraine (Kharkiv ...
and
iron ore
Iron ores are rocks and minerals from which metallic iron can be economically extracted. The ores are usually rich in iron oxides and vary in color from dark grey, bright yellow, or deep purple to rusty red. The iron is usually found in the f ...
iron foundry
A foundry is a factory that produces metal castings. Metals are cast into shapes by melting them into a liquid, pouring the metal into a mold, and removing the mold material after the metal has solidified as it cools. The most common metals pr ...
in 1846. In 1859, the production of
pumps
A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries, by mechanical action, typically converted from electrical energy into hydraulic or pneumatic energy.
Mechanical pumps serve in a wide range of applications such ...
and
steam boilers
Steam is water vapor, often mixed with air or an aerosol of liquid water droplets. This may occur due to evaporation or due to boiling, where heat is applied until water reaches the enthalpy of vaporization. Saturated or superheated steam is inv ...
began. Industrial growth was accompanied by a rapid increase in population, with 119,500 residents registered in Rostov by the end of the nineteenth century along with approximately 140 industrial businesses. The harbour was one of the largest trade hubs in southern Russia, especially for the export of
wheat
Wheat is a group of wild and crop domestication, domesticated Poaceae, grasses of the genus ''Triticum'' (). They are Agriculture, cultivated for their cereal grains, which are staple foods around the world. Well-known Taxonomy of wheat, whe ...
,
timber
Lumber is wood that has been processed into uniform and useful sizes (dimensional lumber), including beams and planks or boards. Lumber is mainly used for construction framing, as well as finishing (floors, wall panels, window frames). ...
, and
iron ore
Iron ores are rocks and minerals from which metallic iron can be economically extracted. The ores are usually rich in iron oxides and vary in color from dark grey, bright yellow, or deep purple to rusty red. The iron is usually found in the f ...
.
In 1779, Rostov-on-Don became associated with a settlement of
Armenia
Armenia, officially the Republic of Armenia, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of West Asia. It is a part of the Caucasus region and is bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia (country), Georgia to the north and Azerbaijan to ...
n refugees from
Crimea
Crimea ( ) is a peninsula in Eastern Europe, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, almost entirely surrounded by the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov. The Isthmus of Perekop connects the peninsula to Kherson Oblast in mainland Ukrain ...
at
Nakhichevan-on-Don
__NOTOC__
Nakhichevan-on-Don (, ''Naxičevan’-na-Donu''), also known as New Nakhichevan (, ''Nor Naxiĵevan''; as opposed to the "old" Nakhichevan), was an Armenian-populated town near Rostov-on-Don, in southern Russia founded in 1779 by Armen ...
. The two settlements were separated by a field of wheat. In 1928, the two towns were merged. The former town border lies beneath the Teatralnaya Square of central Rostov-on-Don. By 1928, following the incorporation of the hitherto neighbouring city of Nakhichevan-on-Don, Rostov had become the third-largest city in Russia.
In the early 20th century, epidemics of
cholera
Cholera () is an infection of the small intestine by some Strain (biology), strains of the Bacteria, bacterium ''Vibrio cholerae''. Symptoms may range from none, to mild, to severe. The classic symptom is large amounts of watery diarrhea last ...
during the summer months were not uncommon.
20th century
During
World War I
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
German Empire
The German Empire (),; ; World Book, Inc. ''The World Book dictionary, Volume 1''. World Book, Inc., 2003. p. 572. States that Deutsches Reich translates as "German Realm" and was a former official name of Germany. also referred to as Imperia ...
in 1918.
During the
Russian Civil War
The Russian Civil War () was a multi-party civil war in the former Russian Empire sparked by the 1917 overthrowing of the Russian Provisional Government in the October Revolution, as many factions vied to determine Russia's political future. I ...
, the
Whites
White is a racial classification of people generally used for those of predominantly European ancestry. It is also a skin color specifier, although the definition can vary depending on context, nationality, ethnicity and point of view.
De ...
and the Reds contested Rostov-on-Don, then the most heavily industrialized city of South Russia. By 1928, the regional government had moved from the old
Cossack
The Cossacks are a predominantly East Slavic Eastern Christian people originating in the Pontic–Caspian steppe of eastern Ukraine and southern Russia. Cossacks played an important role in defending the southern borders of Ukraine and Rus ...
capital of
Novocherkassk
Novocherkassk () is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located near the confluence of the Tuzlov and Aksay Rivers, the latter a distributary of the Don (river), Don River. Novocherkassk is best known as the ...
to Rostov-on-Don.
In the Soviet years, the
Bolshevik
The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, were a radical Faction (political), faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split with the Mensheviks at the 2nd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, ...
s demolished two of Rostov-on-Don's principal landmarks: St. Alexander Nevsky Cathedral (1908) and St. George Cathedral (1783–1807).
During
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
,
Nazi German
Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictat ...
forces occupied Rostov-on-Don, at first from 19/20 November to 2 December 1941, after attacks by the German First Panzer Army in the Battle of Rostov, and then for seven months from 24 July 1942 to 14 February 1943. The town was of strategic importance as a railway junction and a river port accessing the
Caucasus
The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region spanning Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, comprising parts of Southern Russia, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The Caucasus Mountains, i ...
, a region rich in oil and minerals. It took ten years to restore the city from the damage during World War II.
In 1942 up to 30,000 Russian Jews were massacred by the German military in Rostov-on-Don at a site called Zmievskaya Balka.
Boeing 737-800
The Boeing 737 Next Generation, commonly abbreviated as 737NG, or 737 Next Gen, is a twinjet, twin-engine narrow-body aircraft produced by Boeing Commercial Airplanes. Launched in 1993 as the third-generation derivative of the Boeing 737, it ha ...
operating from Dubai to Rostov-on-Don in Russia, crashed during a
go-around
In aviation, a go-around is an aborted landing of an aircraft that is on Final_approach_(aeronautics), final approach or has already touched down. A go-around can either be initiated by the pilot flying or requested by air traffic control for var ...
in inclement weather at
Rostov-on-Don Airport
Rostov-on-Don Airport was an international airport located east of the city of Rostov-on-Don, in southern Russia. It was one of the largest airports in the south-west of Russia and the 12th busiest in the country. It was founded in 1925 and ...
, killing all 62 people (55 passengers and 7 crew) on board.
Rostov-on-Don hosted several matches of the
2018 FIFA World Cup
The 2018 FIFA World Cup was the 21st FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial world championship for national association football, football teams organized by FIFA. It took place in Russia from 14 June to 15 July 2018, after the country was awarded t ...
.
Rostov-on-Don is the location of the Russian
Southern Military District
The Order of the Red Banner Southern Military District () is a military district of Russia.
It is one of the five military districts of the Russian Armed Forces, with its jurisdiction primarily within the North Caucasus region of the country ...
, which includes the 58th Combined Arms Army. As such, it was a key logistical hub during the 2022
Russian invasion of Ukraine
On 24 February 2022, , starting the largest and deadliest war in Europe since World War II, in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, conflict between the two countries which began in 2014. The fighting has caused hundreds of thou ...
and the
2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive
In early June 2023, during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Ukraine launched a Counter-offensive, counteroffensive against Russian forces Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine, occupying its territory with a goal of breaching the front lines ...
.
On 23 June 2023, amid the war, the
Wagner Group
The Wagner Group (), officially known as PMC Wagner (, ), is a Russian state-funded private military company (PMC) controlled 2023 Wagner Group plane crash, until 2023 by Yevgeny Prigozhin, a former close ally of Russia's president Vladimir Pu ...
, a private military company fighting on behalf of the
Russian Federation
Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
, declared a
rebellion
Rebellion is an uprising that resists and is organized against one's government. A rebel is a person who engages in a rebellion. A rebel group is a consciously coordinated group that seeks to gain political control over an entire state or a ...
against the
Russian Ministry of Defence
The Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation (; MOD) is the governing body of the Russian Armed Forces. The President of Russia is the Commander-in-Chief of the forces and directs the activity of the ministry. The Minister of Defence exerci ...
and took control of Rostov-on-Don. On June 24, after reaching a negotiated settlement with the Russian government and military, the Wagner Group withdrew from the city.
districts
A district is a type of administrative division that in some countries is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions ...
.Law #340-ZS As a municipal division, this administrative unit also has urban okrug status.Law #238-ZS
City districts
Rostov-on-Don is divided into eight city districts:
Demographics
The 2021 census recorded the population of Rostov-on-Don at 1,142,162 making it the 11th most populous city in Russia.At the time of the official 2010 Census, the ethnic makeup of the city's population whose ethnicity was known (1,066,523) was:
Geography
Climate
Albert Parry, born in 1901 in Rostov-on-Don, wrote of the summers of his childhood:
:There were sultry days of brassy sun, but also cool evenings on the balconies facing the Don River, with the soft glow of charcoal in the
samovar
A samovar (, , ) is a metal container traditionally used to heat and boil water. Although originating in Russia, the samovar is well known outside of Russia and has spread through Russian culture to other parts of Eastern Europe, as well as We ...
, with the ripe cherries crushed by your spoon against the bottom and sides of your glass of scalding tea.
Rostov-on-Don lies in a
humid continental climate
A humid continental climate is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, typified by four distinct seasons and large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers, and cold ...
(
Köppen Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bernd Köppen (1951–2014), German pianist and composer
* Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan
* Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author ...
: ''Dfa''). The winter is moderately cold, with an average January temperature of . The lowest recorded temperature of occurred in January 1940.
Summers are warm and humid; July temperatures average . The city's highest recorded temperature of was reported on 7 July 2020. The mean annual precipitation is , the average wind speed is 2.7 m/s, and the average air humidity is 72%.
Symbols
In December 1996, Rostov-on-Don adopted a coat of arms, a flag and a mayoral decoration as the symbols of the town. The first coat of arms of Rostov-on-Don was designed in 1811 and approved by the Tsar. In 1904, some changes were made. One lasting oil painting of the coat-of-arms is kept in the regional local history museum but its accuracy and authenticity are uncertain. In June 1996, the Rostov-on-Don City Duma adopted a variant of the coat-of-arms in which a tower represents the St. Dimitry Rostovsky Fortress. The ancient Russian arms reference the role Rostov played in the defense of Russia's borders. The coat-of-arms adorns the mayor's decoration but all other cases of its use are first considered for approval by the City Duma.
Flag
The flag of Rostov-on-Don was approved by the Duma on September 20, 1864. At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries the home guard regiments, which defended the Southern borders of Russia, were raised under this flag. The "Flag of Rostov" is kept in the town's municipal building under glass. Its length is and width, . The flag is taken out of the building only on
Victory Day
Victory Day is a commonly used name for public holidays in various countries, where it commemorates a nation's triumph over a hostile force in a war or the liberation of a country from hostile occupation. In many cases, multiple countries may ob ...
and Rostov-on-Don Day by a guard of honour.
In 1870, an oval-shaped mayoral decoration wrought from precious or semi-precious white metal was introduced. On the front is written "Rostov-on-Don" at the top, the Rostov-on-Don coat-of-arms is in the center and the inscription, "Mayor of the City" is written at the bottom. On its reverse side, the day of its adoption, April 9, 1996, is recorded. The decoration is worn over the suit on a large chain. The mayor returns the decoration to the Duma on his or her retirement from office.
The Emblem of the
Don Host Oblast
Don Host Oblast was a province (''oblast'') of the Russian Empire which consisted of the territory of the Don Cossacks, coinciding approximately with present-day Rostov Oblast in Russia. Its administrative center was Cherkassk, and later Nov ...
was introduced in July 5 (18), 1878. The flag of the All Great Don Army was introduced in May 1918 on the "Circle of the Don Saving".
Awards
*December 1970:
Order of Lenin
The Order of Lenin (, ) was an award named after Vladimir Lenin, the leader of the October Revolution. It was established by the Central Executive Committee on 6 April 1930. The order was the highest civilian decoration bestowed by the Soviet ...
City of Military Glory
The City of Military Glory () is an List of orders, decorations, and medals of the Russian Federation, honorary title bestowed upon the citizenry of cities in Russia where soldiers had displayed courage and heroism during the Eastern Front (World W ...
status
Economy
Overview
Rostov's favourable geographical position at trading crossroads promotes economic development. The Don River is a major shipping lane connecting southwestern Russia with the north. Rostov-on-Don is a trading port for Russian, Italian, Greek and Turkish merchants selling, for example, wool, wheat and oil. It is also an important river port for passengers. The Rostov-on-Don agricultural region produces one-third of Russia's vegetable oil from sunflowers.
Volga–Don Canal
With the construction of the Volga-Don Shipping Canal in 1952, Rostov-on-Don has become known as a "port of five seas" (reachable from the
Black Sea
The Black Sea is a marginal sea, marginal Mediterranean sea (oceanography), mediterranean sea lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bound ...
, the
Sea of Azov
The Sea of Azov is an inland Continental shelf#Shelf seas, shelf sea in Eastern Europe connected to the Black Sea by the narrow (about ) Strait of Kerch, and sometimes regarded as a northern extension of the Black Sea. The sea is bounded by Ru ...
, the
Caspian Sea
The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water, described as the List of lakes by area, world's largest lake and usually referred to as a full-fledged sea. An endorheic basin, it lies between Europe and Asia: east of the Caucasus, ...
, the
White Sea
The White Sea (; Karelian language, Karelian and ; ) is a southern inlet of the Barents Sea located on the northwest coast of Russia. It is surrounded by Karelia to the west, the Kola Peninsula to the north, and the Kanin Peninsula to the nort ...
, and the
Baltic Sea
The Baltic Sea is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that is enclosed by the countries of Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, and the North European Plain, North and Central European Plain regions. It is the ...
In modern times, Rostov-on-Don has experienced economic growth. Numerous start-up companies have established headquarters in the city, the median income is increasing, and the city is being transformed into a modern, industrial and technology-rich hub. For instance, Rostov-on-Don is a center for helicopter and farm machinery manufacturing. The "Tebodin" engineering company opened its fourth office in Rostov-on-Don in June 2010.
Transportation
Public transport in Rostov-on-Don includes buses, trolleybuses, trams, and ''
marshrutka
''Marshrutnoye taksi''Rostov Metro was planned in the early 1990s and later in the 2000s and 2010s. At the end of 2021, the Government of the Rostov Region and the Sinara company signed an agreement on the creation of a high-speed tramway in Rostov-on-Don on a concession basis. This happened at the international forum Transport Week 2021 in Moscow. By signing this agreement, the regional government put an end to the idea of developing the metro in the city in favour of the tram.
The
Rostov-on-Don Airport
Rostov-on-Don Airport was an international airport located east of the city of Rostov-on-Don, in southern Russia. It was one of the largest airports in the south-west of Russia and the 12th busiest in the country. It was founded in 1925 and ...
caters for domestic travel, as well as flights to and from the former C.I.S., Europe, Africa and Asia. Its IATA code is "ROV".
Donavia
JSC "Donavia" () was an Aeroflot subsidiary airline based in Rostov-on-Don, Russia. Its main bases were Rostov-on-Don Airport and Mineralnye Vody Airport after the Kavminvodyavia bankruptcy. It was known as Aeroflot-Don () from 2000–2009. In ...
airlines (formerly "Aeroflot Don") has its head office in Rostov-on-Don. The Bataysk military aerodrome (which is located northwest of the city center) may be developed into a new airport hub for Southern Russia.
Platov International Airport
Platov International Airport () is an airport close to the stanitsa of Grushevskaya, Aksaysky District, Rostov Oblast, Russia near the city of Novocherkassk northeast of Rostov-on-Don. It serves Rostov-on-Don (as a replacement for the old Ros ...
was opened in late 2017 as part of preparations for the
2018 FIFA World Cup
The 2018 FIFA World Cup was the 21st FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial world championship for national association football, football teams organized by FIFA. It took place in Russia from 14 June to 15 July 2018, after the country was awarded t ...
.
The international river port specializes in the packaging and freighting of minerals and timber. Shipping information is published online.
The main railway stations in Rostov-on-Don are " Rostov-Glavny" and "Rostov-Prigorodny". The "St. Petersburg-Rostov-Caucasus" railway crosses the territory of Rostov-on-Don. The North Caucasus Railway Administration Building is in Rostov-on-Don.
Several highways of federal and regional significance cross Rostov. The M-4 "Don" route passes Rostov to the east and crosses the Don River in the Aksay city area. The "Rostov-Novoshakhtinsk" starts from the Northern housing block area of the city running north to connect with the M-4 "Don" route between Shakhty and Novoshakhtinsk.
LiAZ-5292.60.jpg, New LiAZ-5292 buses
Rostov trolley.jpg, AKSM-321 low-floor trolleybus
Rostov's Tram.jpg, KTM-19 tram
The Greater Rostov supercity
The Ministry of Regional Development of Russia has prepared a program to create eight multimillion conglomerate population centees or 'super cities'. The Rostov Oblast will be one of these. "The Greater Rostov" metropolitan area will include the cities of Rostov-on-Don,
Novocherkassk
Novocherkassk () is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located near the confluence of the Tuzlov and Aksay Rivers, the latter a distributary of the Don (river), Don River. Novocherkassk is best known as the ...
,
Taganrog
Taganrog (, ) is a port city in Rostov Oblast, Russia, on the north shore of Taganrog Bay in the Sea of Azov, several kilometers west of the mouth of the Don (river), Don River. It is in the Black Sea region. Population:
Located at the site of a ...
Azov
Azov (, ), previously known as Azak ( Turki/ Kypchak: ),
is a town in Rostov Oblast, Russia, situated on the Don River just from the Sea of Azov, which derives its name from the town. The population is
History
Early settlements in the vici ...
.
Communications
In 1929, the first automatic telephone exchange in Russia with a capacity of 6,000 numbers commenced in Rostov-on-Don. Since 2004, standard telephone numbers in Rostov-on-Don have been seven digits in length. Since 2009, city numbers have begun with "2". The city dialing code is "863".
Financial services
The first commercial bank in the South of Russia, Rostovsoсbank, was opened in Rostov-on-Don. The bank existed from 1989 to 1998, and before the withdrawal of the banking license it made a full return of deposits to all depositors. The largest bank in the Rostov region is Center-Invest. In total, there are about 50 banks and their branches, 17% local banks, 80% representative offices of federal banks, and 4% representative offices of foreign banks.
Education
Rostov-on-Don hosts higher educational establishments, including universities, academies, secondary schools of vocational training including colleges, technical schools, specialized schools, and elementary schools of vocational training including lyceums, professional colleges and schools of general education.
The largest educational establishments in the city include:
*
Southern Federal University
Southern Federal University (), abbreviated as SFedU () and formerly known as Rostov State University (1957–2006), is a public university in Rostov Oblast, Russia with campuses in Rostov-on-Don and Taganrog. In 2023 ''US News & World Repor ...
Sergei Rachmaninoff
Sergei Vasilyevich Rachmaninoff; in Russian pre-revolutionary script. (28 March 1943) was a Russian composer, virtuoso pianist, and Conducting, conductor. Rachmaninoff is widely considered one of the finest pianists of his day and, as a compos ...
*Branch of the Moscow State Academy named after F.F. Ushakov
*Rostov Eparchy Religious College
*Rostov Institute of Advocacy of Entrepreneurs
*Rostov Institute of Foreign Languages
*Rostov International Institute of Economy and Management
*Rostov Juridical Institute of Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation
*Rostov Institute of Physical Training and Sports (branch of the Cuban State University of Physical Training, Sports and Tourism)
*Rostov Social & Economic Institute
*Rostov branch of Moscow Institute of Economy, Management and Law
*South-Russian Institute of the Humanities
*North-Caucasian Academy of Public Service
*North-Caucasian Institute of Anthropology and Applied Psychology
* The Modern University for the Humanities
*Russian State University of Trade & Economy
*Institute of Management, Business and Law,
*Rostov Institute of Law of the Russian Juridical Academy of the Russian Federation
*Rostov State Academy of Architecture and Arts,
*Rostov College of Arts named after M.B. Grekov.
There is also a French cultural centre (Alliance Francaise), a British Council and German Goethe Institute (DAAD and Bosch foundation), and a Korean Cultural Centre.
File:Rostov-on-Don, Southern Federal University, Russia.jpg,
Southern Federal University
Southern Federal University (), abbreviated as SFedU () and formerly known as Rostov State University (1957–2006), is a public university in Rostov Oblast, Russia with campuses in Rostov-on-Don and Taganrog. In 2023 ''US News & World Repor ...
Konstantin Thon
Konstantin Andreyevich Thon or Ton (; October 26, 1794 – January 25, 1881) was a Russian architect who was one of the most notable architects during the reign Nicholas I. His major works include the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour, the Grand ...
.
Libraries
Rostov-on-Don's libraries include:
*The Don State Public Library,
*Central Library named after Maxim Gorky,
*Regional Children's Library named after V.M. Velichkina
*Rostov Regional Special Library for the Blind,
*Scientific Library of the Medical University,
*Central State Children's Library named after Lenin
*Children's Library named after A.S. Pushkin
*Children's Library named after Mayakovsky
*South-Russian Don State Public Library.
Theaters
In the Academic Drama Theater named after Maxim Gorky works Mikhail Bushnov, who is the national artist of the USSR and an honorary citizen of Rostov-on-Don.
*Maxim Gorky Academic Drama Theater
* Rostov State Puppet Theater
*Rostov Regional Academic Theater of the Youth
* Rostov Musical Theater
*Philharmonic centre
* Theater 18+
*Kim Nazaretov jazz centre
Museums
The small collections of the Art Gallery and the Museum of Arts include some works by Repin, Surikov, Perov, Levitan and Aivazovsky as well as modern Rostov artists.
*Museum of Local Lore
*Rostov Regional Museum of Fine Arts
*Museum of Fine Arts on Dmitrovskaya
*Museum of Russian & Armenian Friendship
*Pioneer and Railway Museum and Children's Railway
Other facilities
Other facilities include seven stadiums, a Palace of Sports, a circus, a zoo botanical gardens and parks. Rostov-on-Don hosts the North Caucasian Science Center and research institutes.
Religion
The Administration of Rostov and Novocherkassk
Eparchy
Eparchy ( ''eparchía'' "overlordship") is an Ecclesiology, ecclesiastical unit in Eastern Christianity that is equivalent to a diocese in Western Christianity. An eparchy is governed by an ''eparch'', who is a bishop. Depending on the administra ...
of the
Russian Orthodox Church
The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC; ;), also officially known as the Moscow Patriarchate (), is an autocephaly, autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Orthodox Christian church. It has 194 dioceses inside Russia. The Primate (bishop), p ...
is located in Rostov. Other religious facilities in Rostov-on-Don are the Roman Catholic "Church of the Lord's Supper", the
Old Believers
Old Believers or Old Ritualists ( Russian: староверы, ''starovery'' or старообрядцы, ''staroobryadtsy'') is the common term for several religious groups, which maintain the old liturgical and ritual practices of the Russian ...
Karma Kagyu
Karma Kagyu (), or Kamtsang Kagyu (), is a widely practiced and probably the second-largest lineage within the Kagyu school, one of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism. The lineage has long-standing monasteries in Tibet, China, Russia, M ...
Tradition. There are also several Armenian and Greek Orthodox churches in the city, with one of the Armenian churches being the oldest standing building in Rostov. All of the Armenian churches are in the
Nakhichevan-on-Don
__NOTOC__
Nakhichevan-on-Don (, ''Naxičevan’-na-Donu''), also known as New Nakhichevan (, ''Nor Naxiĵevan''; as opposed to the "old" Nakhichevan), was an Armenian-populated town near Rostov-on-Don, in southern Russia founded in 1779 by Armen ...
district of the city.
Russian Orthodox
The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC; ;), also officially known as the Moscow Patriarchate (), is an autocephaly, autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Orthodox Christian church. It has 194 dioceses inside Russia. The Primate (bishop), p ...
Moscow Patriarchate
The Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus (), also known as the Patriarch of Moscow and all Russia, is the title of the Primate (bishop), primate of the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC). It is often preceded by the honorific "His Holiness". As the Ordinar ...
Church of St. John of Kronstadt, Rostov-on-Don
Church of St. John of Kronstadt () is an Eastern Orthodox Church, Orthodox church in the city of Rostov-on-Don, Russia. It belongs to Rostov and Novocherkassk Diocese of Moscow Patriarchate. It was built in 2010 on the project of architect Genrikh ...
Old Believers
Old Believers or Old Ritualists ( Russian: староверы, ''starovery'' or старообрядцы, ''staroobryadtsy'') is the common term for several religious groups, which maintain the old liturgical and ritual practices of the Russian ...
Armenian Apostolic Church
The Armenian Apostolic Church () is the Autocephaly, autocephalous national church of Armenia. Part of Oriental Orthodoxy, it is one of the most ancient Christianity, Christian churches. The Armenian Apostolic Church, like the Armenian Catholic ...
List of synagogues in Russia
This is a list of notable synagogues in Russia.
Moscow
*Bolshaya Bronnaya Synagogue
*Holocaust Memorial Synagogue (Moscow)
*Maryina Roshcha Synagogue (Moscow)
*Moscow Choral Synagogue
Saint Petersburg
*Grand Choral Synagogue
Jewish Autono ...
and History of the Jews in Rostov-on-Don''
* Soldier Synagogue, currently home to the Rostov Jewish Community and the only active synagogue in Rostov-on-Don
* Main Choral Synagogue, no longer in active use as a synagogue
* The Artisans' Synagogue, destroyed by fire during WWII, formerly located at 106 Stanislavskogo St.
File:Армянская Апостольская церковь Сурб Хач (Святой Крест) (1792г.) в городе Ростове-на-Дону.jpg, Armenian Apostolic Church of the Holy Cross (built in 1792)
File:Храм Святого Великомученика и целителя Пантелеимона, Ростов-на-Дону.jpg, Orthodox Church of Great-Martyr Panteleimon
File:Храм во имя святителя Демитрия, Митрополита Ростовского (Ростов-на-Дону).jpg, Orthodox Church of Saint Dimitri of Rostov
File:Свято - Георгиевский храм, Ростов-на-Дону.jpg, Orthodox Church of Saint George
File:Pokrov's Square Rostov.jpg, Orthodox Church of the Intercession of the Theotokos
File:Mosque in the city of Rostov-on-Don, Russia,1.jpg, Cathedral Mosque
Mass media
The construction of the Rostov TV centre began in 1956 and was completed on 26 April 1958. The first television program was broadcast on 30 April 1958. Colour television was first broadcast in 1974. Radio transmission began in Rostov-on-Don on October 17, 1975. In 2009, there were fourteen FM radio stations in Rostov-on-Don. It is also possibly the home of the Squeaky Wheel
number station
A numbers station is a shortwave radio station characterized by broadcasts of formatted numbers, which are believed to be addressed to intelligence officers operating in foreign countries. Most identified stations use speech synthesis to voca ...
.
Sports
Rostov-on-Don is one of the host cities for the
2018 FIFA World Cup
The 2018 FIFA World Cup was the 21st FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial world championship for national association football, football teams organized by FIFA. It took place in Russia from 14 June to 15 July 2018, after the country was awarded t ...
.
2018 FIFA World Cup
In 2018, Rostov-on-Don was one of the Russian cities to host the
2018 FIFA World Cup
The 2018 FIFA World Cup was the 21st FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial world championship for national association football, football teams organized by FIFA. It took place in Russia from 14 June to 15 July 2018, after the country was awarded t ...
.
Rostov Arena
Rostov Arena () is an association football stadium in Rostov-on-Don, Russia. It was one of the venues for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. It also hosts FC Rostov of the Russian Premier League, replacing Olimp – 2. It has a capacity of 45,000 spectato ...
with a capacity of 45,000 spectators was built on the left bank of the Don River, left of the exit from the city via the Voroshilovsky Bridge.
The stadium hosted 5 games of the FIFA World Cup.
* June 17, 21:00, Brazil — Switzerland, Group E
* June 20, 18:00, Uruguay — Saudi Arabia, Group A
* June 23, 18:00, South Korea — Mexico, Group F
* June 26, 21:00, Iceland — Croatia, Group D
* July 2, 21:00, Belgium — Japan, Round of 16
During the FIFA World Cup, Teatralnaya Square served as a venue for the FIFA Fan Fest. The specially arranged area had a capacity of 25,000 people. Fans were able to watch all World Cup games on a big screen. The venue was serviced by food outlets and had several entertainment areas.
In preparation for the FIFA World Cup, the city implemented a large-scale development program. Apart from the new stadium, the city built a camping area for fans arriving for the World Cup, the Southern and Western Bypasses, and new hotels. Reconstruction works were carried out at the bridge crossing over the Don River (expanding the traffic way to 6 lanes), a number of healthcare facilities, and the embankment area. A new airport, Yuzhny, was built.
Notable people
Notable people include
Olga Spessivtseva
Olga Alexandrovna Spessivtseva (; 16 September 1991) was a Russian ballerina whose stage career spanned from 1913 to 1939.
She was one of the finest prima ballerinas of the twentieth century. She had the excellent classical technique, immaculate ...
, a ballet dancer,
Alexander Suvorov
Count Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov-Rymniksky, Prince of Italy () was a Russian general and military theorist in the service of the Russian Empire.
Born in Moscow, he studied military history as a young boy and joined the Imperial Russian ...
, a military commander,
Sholom Dovber Schneersohn
Sholom Dovber Schneersohn () was the fifth rebbe (spiritual leader) of the Chabad-Lubavitch chasidic movement. He is known as "the Rebbe Rashab" (for Reb Sholom Ber). His teachings that encouraged outreach were further developed later.
Life
...
, the 5th Lubavitcher Rebbe,
Yelena Produnova
Yelena Sergeyevna Produnova, also known as Elena (; born 15 February 1980), is a Russian former competitive gymnast. Her senior international career lasted from 1995 to 2000 and earned her multiple world and Olympic medals. One of the most diff ...
Andrei Chikatilo
Andrei Romanovich Chikatilo (; ; 16 October 1936 – 14 February 1994) was a Ukrainian-born Soviet serial killer nicknamed "the Butcher of Rostov", "the Rostov Ripper", and "the Red Ripper" who sexual assault, sexually assaulted, murdered, and ...
(1936–1994), the serial killer,
Alexander Pechersky
Alexander "Sasha" Aronovich Pechersky (; 22 February 1909 – 19 January 1990), also known as Oleksandr Aronovych Pecherskyi (), was a Jewish-Soviet officer. He is one of the organizers, and the leader, of the most successful uprising and mass-es ...
(1909–1990) a leader of the rebellion at the
Sobibor extermination camp
Sobibor ( ; ) was an extermination camp built and operated by Nazi Germany as part of Operation Reinhard. It was located in the forest near the village of Żłobek Duży in the General Government region of Occupation of Poland (1939–1945), ...
, and
Maria Kharenkova
Maria Aleksandrovna Kharenkova (; born 29 October 1998) is a retired Russian-Georgian artistic gymnast. She is the 2014 European champion on the balance beam.
Gymnastics career 2011
In April, Kharenkova competed at the Russian Championships i ...
another artistic gymnast.
Writers and poets
Authors of Rostov-on-Don include
Anton Chekhov
Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (; ; 29 January 1860 – 15 July 1904) was a Russian playwright and short-story writer, widely considered to be one of the greatest writers of all time. His career as a playwright produced four classics, and his b ...
,
Mikhail Sholokhov
Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov ( rus, Михаил Александрович Шолохов, p=ˈʂoləxəf; – 21 February 1984) was a Russian novelist and winner of the 1965 Nobel Prize in Literature. He is known for writing about life ...
Alexander Pushkin
Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin () was a Russian poet, playwright, and novelist of the Romantic era.Basker, Michael. Pushkin and Romanticism. In Ferber, Michael, ed., ''A Companion to European Romanticism''. Oxford: Blackwell, 2005. He is consid ...
,
Maxim Gorky
Alexei Maximovich Peshkov (; – 18 June 1936), popularly known as Maxim Gorky (; ), was a Russian and Soviet writer and proponent of socialism. He was nominated five times for the Nobel Prize in Literature. Before his success as an aut ...
Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy
Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy (; – 23 February 1945) was a Russian writer whose works span across many genres, but mainly belonged to science fiction and historical fiction.
Despite having opposed the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917, he was abl ...
,
Alexander Solzhenitsyn
Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn. (11 December 1918 – 3 August 2008) was a Soviet and Russian author and dissident who helped to raise global awareness of political repression in the Soviet Union, especially the Gulag prison system. He was a ...
,
Yuri Zhdanov
Yuri Andreyevich Zhdanov (; 20 August 1919 – 19 December 2006) was a Soviet and Russian chemistry professor and rector of the University of Rostov. He was the son of Soviet politician Andrei Zhdanov and a former husband of Joseph Stalin's dau ...
, and Mikael Nalbandian. After visiting Rostov in 1831, Pushkin published his poem "The Don". The monument to Pushkin on Pushkin Boulevard is dedicated to these events. Maxim Gorky, worked as a docker in Rostov-on-Don in his youth.
Vera Panova
Vera Fyodorovna Panova (; – March 3, 1973) was a Soviet and Russian writer, novelist and playwright. She was a recipient of the Stalin Prize in 1947, 1948, and 1950.
Early life
Vera was born into the family of an impoverished merchant (later ...
(1905–1973) was a Soviet-era writer. The modern era includes such names as Danil Korezky and Tony Vilgotsky. A monument to
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn. (11 December 1918 – 3 August 2008) was a Soviet and Russian author and Soviet dissidents, dissident who helped to raise global awareness of political repression in the Soviet Union, especially the Gulag pris ...
, who lived in the city for 18 years and studied mathematics at Rostov University, is being planned by city authorities.
A monument to Anton Chekhov (see Chekhov Monument in Rostov-on-Don) was erected in 2010.
Musicians, composers and singers
Musicians from Rostov-on-Don include violinist
Efrem Zimbalist
Efrem Zimbalist (April 21 .S. April 9 1889 – February 22, 1985) was a Russian and American concert violinist, composer, conducting, conductor and director of the Curtis Institute of Music.
Early life
Efrem Zimbalist was born on April 9, 1 ...
Irina Allegrova
Irina Aleksandrovna Allegrova (; born 20 January 1952) is a Russian singer. She is a People's Artist of Russia (2010).
(1952), classical conductor and violist
Yuri Bashmet
Yuri Abramovich Bashmet (born 24 January 1953) is a Russian conductor, violinist, and violist.
Biography
Yuri Bashmet was born on 24 January 1953 in Rostov-on-Don in the family of Abram Borisovich Bashmet and Maya Zinovyeva Bashmet (née Kri ...
Motorama Motorama may refer to:
* General Motors Motorama, an auto show from 1949 to 1961
* ''Motorama'' (film), a 1991 film
* Motorama (band), a Russian post-punk band
{{disambig ...
Actors and playwrights of Rostov-on-Don include Maretskaya,
Mikhail Shchepkin
Mikhail Semyonovich Shchepkin (; — ) was the most famous Russian actor of the 19th century. He is considered the "father" of realist acting in Russia and, via the influence of his student, Glikeriya Fedotova, a major influence on the develop ...
Alexander Kaidanovsky
Alexander Leonidovich Kaidanovsky (; 23 July 1946 — 2 December 1995) was a Soviet and Russian actor and film director.
His best known roles are in films such as ''Stalker'' (1979)'', At Home Among Strangers'' (1974), and '' The Bodyguard'' (1 ...
(1946–1995),
Evgeny Shvarts
Evgeny Lvovich Schwartz (, , Kazan, Russian Empire, January 15, 1958, Leningrad, Soviet Union) was a Soviet writer and playwright, whose works include twenty-five plays, and screenplays for three films (in collaboration with Nikolai Erdman).
L ...
Kirill Serebrennikov
Kirill Semyonovich Serebrennikov (; born 7 September 1969) is a Russian stage and film director and theatre designer. Since 2012, he has been the artistic director of the Gogol Center in Moscow. He is one of Russia's leading theatre and cinem ...
(1969) winner of the Best Actor award at the 2007
Cannes Film Festival
The Cannes Film Festival (; ), until 2003 called the International Film Festival ('), is the most prestigious film festival in the world.
Held in Cannes, France, it previews new films of all genres, including documentaries, from all around ...
, and
Sergey Zhigunov
Sergey Victorovich Zhigunov (; born 2 January 1963) is a Soviet and Russian actor and producer. Commander of the Order of Honour and of the Order of Friendship. Honored Artist of Russia (1995).
His most famous roles as an actor were in ''Ner ...
(1963).
Marion Gering
Marion Gering (June 9, 1901 in Rostov-on-Don – April 19, 1977 in New York City) was a Russian-born American stage producer and director. He moved to the United States in 1923 as an artist. He became involved in the theatrical community in Chic ...
, noted for his stage and film productions in the United States, was born in the city.
Architects and artists
Architects and artists of the city include
Yevgeny Vuchetich
Yevgeny Viktorovich Vuchetich (Russian: Евгений Викторович Вучетич; –12 April 1974) was a Soviet sculptor and artist. He is known for his heroic monuments, often of allegoric style, including ''The Motherland Calls'', t ...
Scientists and explorers include, doctors N. Bogoraz and S. Fedosov, scientists A. S. Popov, and I. P. Pavlov, George Sedov, the Arctic Sea explorer,
Yakov Frenkel
__NOTOC__
Yakov Il'ich Frenkel (; 10 February 1894 – 23 January 1952) was a Soviet physicist renowned for his works in the field of condensed-matter physics. He is also known as Jacob Frenkel, frequently using the name J. Frenkel in publicati ...
(1894–1952), a solid-state physicist, Svyatoslav Fyodorov (1927–2000), ophthalmologist, Sabina Spielrein (1885–1942), psychoanalyst, and Yuri Oganessian (a nuclear physicist who is the namesake of oganesson (element 118)).
Other
*Igor Eremenko (born 1997), Russian ice dancer who defected to the United States
*Tatiana Kotova (1985), beauty pageant titleholder
*Oksana Pochepa (1984), pop singer and model
*Anatoly Morozov (athlete), Anatoly Morozov (1973), professional association football player and coach
*Svetlana Boyko (fencer), Svetlana Boyko (1972), foil fencing, fencer
*Alexei Eremenko (1983), Russian-born Finnish professional association football player who currently plays in Kazakhstan
*Victoria Lopyreva (1983), model and popular television hostess
*
Andrei Chikatilo
Andrei Romanovich Chikatilo (; ; 16 October 1936 – 14 February 1994) was a Ukrainian-born Soviet serial killer nicknamed "the Butcher of Rostov", "the Rostov Ripper", and "the Red Ripper" who sexual assault, sexually assaulted, murdered, and ...
(1936–94), serial killer
*Ivan Bukavshin (1995–2016), chess grandmaster
*Vladimir Shumeyko (1945), political figure
*Iosif Vorovich (1920–2001), mathematician, academician, full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Tourism
*Central Market (Rostov-on-Don), Central Market, local bazaars and fresh fish markets
*Bridges over the Don river and Don Embankment
*Don River lookout
*Holy Cross Church, Nakhichevan on Don, Armenian Holy Cross Church
*Rostovchanka statue
*River Steamboat rides
*Rostov-on-Don Cathedral, Orthodox Cathedral of the Nativity of the Holy Virgin
*Pushkinskaya Street (Rostov-on-Don), Pushkinskaya Street
*Gorky Park (Rostov-on-Don), Maxim Gorky Park
*Traditional Cossack villages (''stanitsas'')
*National Sholokhov Museum-Reserve
*Azov Fortress, Azov ancient fortress
*Rostov circus
*Rostov state opera and ballet theatre
*Monastery of St. Jacob
*Rostov Zoo
*Museum of North Caucasus Railway
*Southern Federal University's botanical garden, Botanical Garden of Southern Federal University
*Art Gallery 16th Line
*Alexander Column (Rostov-on-Don), Alexander Column
*Grigory and Aksinya in a boat (sculpture composition), Grigory and Aksinya in a boat
*Park of Aviators
*October Park
*Anatoly Sobino Park
*Monument to Stepan Razin
Historic buildings
*Argutinsky-Dolgorukov House
*Bahchisaraytsev House
*Bostrikiny House
*Chernov House
*Chernova House
*Chirikov House
*F. N. Solodov House
*Gavala House
*Gayrabetov Mansion
*Gench-Ogluev House
*Gymnasium №36
*Ivan Zvorykin House
*Kechekyan Mansion
*Kisin House
*Kostanayev House
*Kostin House
*Kramer Mansion
*Krasilnikov Mansion
*Kushnarev House
*Leonidov House
*Lyakhmayer House
*Lyceum № 13
*Main building of Warsaw University (Rostov-on-Don), Main building of Warsaw University
*Maksimov House
*Martyn Brothers House
*Masalitina House
*N. A. Semashko City Hospital No. 1
* North Caucasus Railway Administration Building
*Paramonov Mansion
*Paramonov Mill
*Paramonov Warehouses
*Petrov Mansion
*Pivovarova House
*Popov Mansion
*Reznichenko House
*Sariyev House
*Shirman House
*Soviet South building
*Spielrein Mansion
*Trunov House
Twin towns/sister cities
Rostov-on-Don is Sister city, twinned with:
* Antalya, Turkey
* Dortmund, Germany
* Gera, Germany
* Donetsk, Ukraine
* Glasgow, Scotland
* Kajaani, Finland
* Le Mans, France
* Minsk, Belarus
* Mobile, Alabama, Mobile, United States
* Pleven Municipality, Pleven, Bulgaria
* Seville, Spain
* Volos, Greece
* Yantai, China
* Yerevan, Armenia
* Toronto, Canada
Gallery
File:Rostov-on-Don, Panorama of Rostov-on-Don and Don River, Russia.jpg, Don River embankment and Old Voroshilovsky Bridge
File:Rostov-on-Don, Quietly Flows the Don, Russia.jpg, Left bank of Don River
File:Rostov-on-Don, Iconic view, Russia.jpg, Don River embankment
File:Rostov-on-Don, Majestic Don River at night, Russia.jpg, Rostov-on-Don at night
File:Rostov-on-Don, Don River at night, Russia.jpg, Voroshilovsky Bridge at night
File:Rostov-on-Don, Don River, Russia.jpg, Barge on Don River
File:Rostov on don 1.jpg, House of P. M. Zaslavskaya
File:Здание Доходного Дома.jpg, Masalitina House
File:Драмматичекий театр М.Горького.JPG, Maxim Gorky theater
File:Цирк, Ростов-на-Дону.jpg, Rostov-on-Don circus
File:Iconic view of Rostov-on-Don, panorama of Rostov-on-Don city centre as seen from Gorky Park, Rostov-on-Don, Russia.jpg, Gorky Park
File:С высоты птичьего полёта, Ростов-на-Дону.jpg, Aerial view of Rostov at night
File:Railway Bridge Rostov.jpg, Railway bridge over the Don at night
File:Казачки Ростова-на-Дону.jpg, Cossacks of Rostov
Notes
References
Sources
*
*
*
Bibliography
External links
Official website of Rostov-on-Don
{{Authority control
Rostov-on-Don,
1749 establishments in Europe
Don Host Oblast
Cities and towns in Rostov Oblast
History of the Don Cossacks
Populated places established in 1749
Port cities and towns of the Azov Sea