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History Of The Jews In Rostov-on-Don
The history of the Jews in Rostov-on-Don dates to at least 1811. Rostov-on-Don was part of the Pale of Settlement until 1888, after which it was included in the military area of the Don Cossacks. History The Rostov fortress and settlement were founded in 1761, and the town gained official status in 1796. The Jewish community remained small until the Poliakov brothers (Samuel, Lazar, and Yakov) built several railroads and transformed Rostov-on-Don into a major transportation center. By 1880, the Jewish population had increased to 5,000. The Jewish community continued to grow, reaching a height of 27,039 people in 1939. During the Holocaust, the Nazi Germans murdered 13,000 Jews at Zmievskaya Balka on 11 August 1942. Several days later, 2,000–5,000 Jews were shot to death in the local Jewish cemetery. During the Soviet era, the Jewish population steadily decreased between the 1950s and the 1990s, and by 2002 less than 5,000 remained in Roston-on-Don. Notable Jews from Rostov-on- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Kaidanovsky
Alexander Leonidovich Kaidanovsky (russian: Алекса́ндр Леони́дович Кайдано́вский; 23 July 1946 — 3 December 1995) was a Soviet and Russian actor and film director. His best known roles are in films such as '' At Home Among Strangers'' (1974), ''The Bodyguard'' (1979) and ''Stalker'' (1979). Prior to pursuing an acting career, Kaidanovsky attended technical college where he was training to become a welder. In 1965 he started studying acting at The Rostov Theatre School and the Schukin Institute in Moscow. Before completing the course he took his first part in the film '' The Mysterious Wall'' (1967) and upon graduation in 1969, he worked as stage actor. In 1985 he directed '' A Simple Death'', which was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1987 Cannes Film Festival. Kaidanovsky made his theatre debut at the Vakhtangov Theatre in 1969. In 1971 he was invited to join the Moscow Arts Theatre, the best classical theatre in Russia, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chaim Weizmann
Chaim Azriel Weizmann ( he, חיים עזריאל ויצמן ', russian: Хаим Евзорович Вейцман, ''Khaim Evzorovich Veytsman''; 27 November 1874 – 9 November 1952) was a Russian-born biochemist, Zionism, Zionist leader and Israeli statesman who served as president of the World Zionist Organization, Zionist Organization and later as the List of Presidents of Israel, first president of Israel. He was 1949 Israeli presidential election, elected on 16 February 1949, and served until his death in 1952. Weizmann was fundamental in obtaining the Balfour Declaration and later convincing the United States government United States-Israeli relations#Recognition of the state of Israel, to recognize the newly formed State of Israel. As a biochemist, Weizmann is considered to be the 'father' of industrial fermentation. He developed the acetone–butanol–ethanol fermentation process, which produces acetone, n-Butanol, n-butanol and ethanol through bacterial fermentati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vera Weizmann
Vera Weizmann (née Chatzman) ( he, ורה ויצמן; November 27, 1881 – September 24, 1966), wife of Chaim Weizmann, the first president of the State of Israel, was a medical doctor and a Zionist activist. Biography Vera Chatzman was born in the town of Rostov-on-Don, in the Russian Empire, the daughter of Isaiah and Feodosia Chatzman. She initially studied music before taking up medical training in Geneva, Switzerland. There she met Chaim Weizmann at the University's Zionist Club. In 1906 she married Weizmann at Zoppot, Prussia, today called Sopot, in Poland, and later that year they settled in Manchester, England. There they had two sons, Benjamin born in 1907, and Michael born in 1916. The Weizmann family lived in Manchester for thirty years, from 1906 until 1937. In 1913, Vera Weizmann received her English medical license and worked as a doctor in the public health service at clinics for infants, developing advanced techniques for infant supervision and nutrition. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Savielly Tartakower
Savielly Tartakower (also known as ''Xavier'' or ''Ksawery'' ''Tartakower'', less often ''Tartacover'' or ''Tartakover''; 21 February 1887 – 4 February 1956) was a Polish and French chess player. He was awarded the title of International Grandmaster in its inaugural year, 1950. Tartakower was also a leading chess journalist and author of the 1920s and 1930s. Early career Tartakower was born on 21 February 1887 in Rostov-on-Don, Russia, to Austrian citizens of Jewish origin. His father, a first-generation Christian, had him christened with the Latin form of his name, Sabelius.David Lovejoy (2008). ''Moral victories: the story of Savielly Tartakover'' (a historical novel), Echo Publications. ASIN: B0027P89DG. His parents were killed in a robbery in Rostov-on-Don in 1911. Tartakower stayed mainly in Austria. He graduated from the law faculties of universities in Geneva and Vienna. He spoke German and French. During his studies he became interested in chess and started attending ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mark Stolberg
Mark Moiseevich Stolberg (1922 in Rostov-on-Don – 16 May 1942 in Novorossiysk) was a Russian chess master. Stolberg won the Rostov-on-Don City championship in 1938. The next year he finished in second place in a Soviet master candidates tournament. In 1940, Stolberg shared first place with Eduard Gerstenfeld in Kiev (the 12th USSR-ch semi-final), and tied for 13-16th in Moscow (the 12th USSR Chess Championship won jointly by Andor Lilienthal and Igor Bondarevsky) where he was the youngest participant. In June 1941, Stolberg was in fourth place in Rostov-on-Don (the 13th USSR-ch semi-final), when the German attack on the Soviet Union interrupted the event. Stolberg joined the Soviet Army at the end of 1940, and disappeared on 16 May 1942 in the battle of Malaya Zemlya (lit. "Minor Land"), waged against German troops. See also *List of people who disappeared Lists of people who disappeared include those whose current whereabouts are unknown, or whose deaths are unsubstantiat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maxim Staviski
Maxim Staviski ( bg, Максим Стависки, links=no, born 16 November 1977) is a Russian-born naturalized Bulgarian ice dancer. With partner and fiancée Albena Denkova, he is a two-time ( 2006– 2007) World champion, a two-time (2003– 2004) European silver medalist, and the 2006 Grand Prix Final champion. Denkova and Staviski are the first Bulgarians to medal at the World Figure Skating Championships. Career Staviski began skating at the age of four because his parents wanted to improve his health. He was initially a singles skater but at the age of 11 or 12, he broke his leg and his jumping ability declined. His coach recommended him to Natalia Dubova's ice dancing group. He originally competed for Russia with Anastasia Belova, with whom he appeared as the third Russian team at the 1996 Junior Worlds but they split up at the end of the season. In 1996, Staviski had a successful tryout with Albena Denkova in Moscow and he moved to Sofia to compete for Bulgaria ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sabina Spielrein
Sabina Nikolayevna Spielrein ( rus, Сабина Николаевна Шпильрейн, p=sɐˈbʲinə nʲɪkɐˈlajɪvnə ʂpʲɪlʲˈrɛjn; 7 November 25 October 1885 OS – 11 August 1942) was a Russian physician and one of the first female psychoanalysts. She was in succession the patient, then student, then colleague of Carl Gustav Jung, with whom she had an intimate relationship during 1908–1910, as is documented in their correspondence from the time and her diaries. She also met, corresponded, and had a collegial relationship with Sigmund Freud. She worked with and psychoanalysed Swiss developmental psychologist Jean Piaget. She worked as a psychiatrist, psychoanalyst, teacher and paediatrician in Switzerland and Russia. In a thirty-year professional career, she published over 35 papers in three languages (German, French and Russian), covering psychoanalysis, developmental psychology, psycholinguistics and educational psychology. Among her works in the field of psych ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elena Shirman
Elena Mihailovna Shirman (; 1908–1942) was a Russian Jewish poet killed in the Second World War by the Nazis. Early life and education Elena Mihailovna Shirman was born on February 3, 1908, in Rostov-on-Don, Southern Russia. Her father was a navigator and her mother was a teacher. She studied at the Library College in Rostov-on-Don before transferring to the Russian Language and Literature Department of the Rostov State Pedagogical Institute, from which she graduated in 1933. After graduation she worked in a library and at several museums. From 1937 to 1941 she studied under Ilya Selvinsky at the Gorky Literary Institute. Career Shirman first began publishing her work in 1924, first in local periodicals and later in the Moscow journals ''October'' (Октябрь) and ''Change'' (Смена). She also collected and edited folk tales. From 1933 to 1936 she worked at various jobs, including bookkeeper for a group of tractor operators, and kitchen assistant at Selmash, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leonid Shamkovich
Leonid Aleksandrovich Shamkovich (Russian: Леони́д Алекса́ндрович Шамко́вич; June 1, 1923 – April 22, 2005) was a chess Grandmaster and chess writer. He was born in a Jewish family in Rostov-on-Don in Russia. Chess career Shamkovich became a Grandmaster in 1965 and won several tournaments, with his best victory coming at Sochi in 1967, where he tied for first place with Nikolai Krogius, Vladimir Simagin, Boris Spassky and Alexander Zaitsev. Other notable results included a tie for 3rd at the 1962 Moscow Championship (behind Yuri Averbakh and Evgeny Vasiukov) and finishing third at Mariánské Lázně 1965 (behind Paul Keres and Vlastimil Hort). Shamkovich left the Soviet Union in 1975, moving first to Israel, then Canada, and finally the United States, where he lived the remainder of his life. He won the 1975 Canadian Open Chess Championship. He continued to play through the 1990s, and wrote several chess books. His ''Sacrifice in Chess'' begins ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Schapiro
Alexander "Sanya" Moiseyevich Schapiro or Shapiro (in Russian: Александр "Саня" Моисеевич Шапиро; 1882 or 1883 – December 5, 1946) was a Russian anarcho-syndicalist activist. Born in southern Russia, Schapiro left Russia at an early age and spent most of his early activist years in London. During the Russian Revolution, Schapiro returned to Russia and aided the Bolsheviks in their seizure of power during the October Revolution. Following the Russian Civil War and the Kronstandt Uprising, anarchists were suppressed in the Soviet Union, and Schapiro escaped to Western Europe, eventually settling in New York City. Schapiro lived in exile for the remainder of his life. Schapiro associated with many other prominent anarchists throughout his life, including Emma Goldman, Alexander Berkman, and Peter Kropotkin. When Kropotkin died, Schapiro was one of the organizers of his funeral. Schapiro collaborated with Goldman and Berkman on anarchist p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raïssa Maritain
Raïssa Maritain (née Oumansoff) (12 September 1883 in Rostov-on-Don – 4 November 1960 in Paris) was a Russian poet and philosopher. She immigrated to France and studied at the Sorbonne, where she met the young Jacques Maritain, also a philosopher, whom she married in 1904. She was raised Jewish but, following a period in which she considered herself an atheist, converted to Catholicism The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ... with her husband in 1906. References * Moore, Brenna. (2013).''Sacred dread: Raïssa Maritain, the allure of suffering, and the French Catholic revival (1905-1944)''. Notre Dame, Ind: Univ. of Notre Dame Press. 1883 births 1960 deaths Converts to Roman Catholicism from atheism or agnosticism Converts to Roman Catholicism from Judaism ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
