Over 50 villages and tribes of the

Ohlone The Ohlone ( ), formerly known as Costanoans (from Spanish meaning 'coast dweller'), are a Native Americans in the United States, Native American people of the Northern California coast. When Spanish explorers and missionaries arrived in the l ...

(also known as Costanoan) Native American people have been identified as existing in

Northern California Northern California (commonly shortened to NorCal) is a geocultural region that comprises the northern portion of the U.S. state of California, spanning the northernmost 48 of the state's List of counties in California, 58 counties. Northern Ca ...

circa 1769 in the regions of the

San Francisco Peninsula The San Francisco Peninsula is a peninsula in the San Francisco Bay Area that separates San Francisco Bay from the Pacific Ocean. On its northern tip is the City and County of San Francisco. Its southern base is Los Altos and Mountain View, ...

Santa Clara Valley The Santa Clara Valley (Spanish language, Spanish: ''Valle de Santa Clara'') is a geologic trough in Northern California that extends south–southeast from San Francisco to Hollister, California, Hollister. The longitudinal valley is bordered ...

East Bay The East Bay is the eastern region of the San Francisco Bay Area and includes cities along the eastern shores of San Francisco Bay and San Pablo Bay. The region has grown to include inland communities in Alameda and Contra Costa counties. Wi ...

Santa Cruz Mountains The Santa Cruz Mountains ( Mutsun Ohlone: Mak-sah-re-jah, "Sharp Ridged Mountain of the Eagle" or "People of the Eagle Mountain") are a mountain range in central and Northern California, United States, constituting a part of the Pacific Coast R ...

Monterey Bay Monterey Bay is a bay of the Pacific Ocean located on the coast of the U.S. state of California, south of the San Francisco Bay Area. San Francisco itself is further north along the coast, by about 75 miles (120 km), accessible via California S ...

and

Salinas Valley The Salinas Valley (Spanish language, Spanish: ''Valle de Salinas'') is one of the major valleys and most productive Agriculture, agricultural regions in California. It is located west of the San Joaquin Valley and south of San Francisco Bay and ...

. The known tribe names and village locations of people who spoke the Costanoan languagesMilliken, 1995. are listed by regions below. In 1925,

Alfred Kroeber Alfred Louis Kroeber ( ; June 11, 1876 – October 5, 1960) was an American cultural anthropologist. He received his PhD under Franz Boas at Columbia University in 1901, the first doctorate in anthropology awarded by Columbia. He was also the fi ...

, then director of the Hearst Museum of Anthropology, declared the tribe extinct, which directly led to its losing federal recognition and land rights.

San Francisco Peninsula

''Languages spoken:

Ramaytush The Ramaytush () or Rammay-tuš people are a linguistic subdivision of the Ohlone people of Northern California. The term Ramaytush was first applied to them in the 1970s, but the modern Ohlone people of the peninsula have claimed it as their e ...

,'' '' Tamyen on southern border'' Tribes and villages of the

: # Ahwaste – the San Francisco Peninsula # Chiguan – Pacific Coast of San Francisco Peninsula vicinity of

Half Moon Bay Half Moon Bay is a coastal city in San Mateo County, California, San Mateo County, California, United States, approximately south of San Francisco. Its population was 11,795 2020 United States census, 2020 census. Immediately north of Half Mo ...

# Cotegen – Pacific Coast south of Half Moon Bay #

Lamchin The Lamchin were one of many tribes of the Ohlone (Coastanoan) people, Native Americans who lived along the San Francisco Peninsula. The Lamchin were the native inhabitants of what is now San Carlos, California. Information is sparse and dispersed ...

– present-day

San Mateo County San Mateo County ( ), officially the County of San Mateo, is a county (United States), county located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 764,442. Redwood City, California, Redwood City is th ...

, Bay shore from Belmont south to

Redwood City Redwood City is a city on the San Francisco Peninsula in the Bay Area of Northern California, approximately south of San Francisco and northwest of San Jose. The city's population was 84,292 according to the 2020 census. The Port of Redwo ...

and valleys to the west # Oljon – Pacific Coast on lower

San Gregorio Creek San Gregorio Creek (''Spanish for:'' Saint Gregory) is a river in San Mateo County, California. Its tributaries originate on the western ridges of the Santa Cruz Mountains whence it courses southwest through steep forested canyons. The San Grego ...

and

Pescadero Creek Pescadero Creek is a major stream in Santa Cruz County, California, Santa Cruz and San Mateo County, California, San Mateo counties in California, United States. At ,U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline d ...

# Quiroste – Pacific Coast from

Bean Hollow Creek A bean is the seed of some plants in the legume family (Fabaceae) used as a vegetable for human consumption or animal feed. The seeds are often preserved through drying (a ''pulse''), but fresh beans are also sold. Dried beans are tradition ...

to Ano Nuevo Creek # ''Name unknown'' – At

Tunitas Creek Tunitas Creek is a U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline dataThe National Map. stream in San Mateo County, California. ''Tunitas'' is Spanish for "little prickly pears". Course The creek rises at an a ...

# Ssalson (tribe) – along San Mateo Creek, in San Andreas Valley. Had 3 villages: #* Aleitac (village) – along San Mateo Creek in San Andreas Valley #* Altahmo (village; also spelled ''Altagmu'') – along San Mateo Creek in San Andreas Valley #* Uturbe (village) – along San Mateo Creek in San Andreas Valley # Pruristac – One mile from the Pacific Coast in San Pedro Valley, near

San Pedro Creek San Pedro Creek (Spanish for ''St. Peter'') is a perennial stream in the City of Pacifica, California, Pacifica, San Mateo County, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area whose tributaries originate on Sweeney Ridge in the Golden Gate National R ...

, present day Pacifica # Timigtac – half mile from Pacific Coast, on bank of

Calera Creek Calera Creek (Pacifica, California) is a stream in the Rockaway Beach and Vallemar neighborhoods of Pacifica, California. The creek is named for the limestone deposits and historical Rockaway Quarry located nearby. With headwaters in the Sw ...

, present-day Pacifica # Tulomo – the San Francisco Peninsula # Urebure (also spelled ''Buriburi'') –

San Bruno Creek San Bruno Creek (Spanish for: "St. Brun") is an intermittent stream that rises on the eastern slopes of the Northern Santa Cruz Mountains in San Mateo County, California, US. The headwaters descend a relatively steep canyon east of Skyline Boul ...

south of

San Bruno Mountain San Bruno Mountain is a fault block, fault-block Horst (geology), horst in northern San Mateo County, California. Rising to a quarter-mile high peak directly out of San Francisco Bay, it also includes a smaller ridge in San Francisco. Viewed f ...

Yelamu The Yelamu were a local tribe of Ohlone people from the San Francisco Bay Area in Northern California. The Yelamu spoke a language called Ramaytush. The moderAssociation of Ramaytush Ohlone (ARO)are the descendants of the Ramaytush. Randall Mi ...

(tribe) – northern San Francisco Peninsula #* Amuctac (village) – near

Visitacion Valley Visitacion Valley (; Spanish: ''Valle de la Visitación''), colloquially referred to as Viz Valley, is a neighborhood located in the southeastern quadrant of San Francisco, California. Visitacion Valley is roughly defined by McLaren Park and G ...

in San Francisco #* Abmoctac (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Acnagis (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Acynm (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Aleta (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Aluenchi (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Amutaja (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Anamas (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Anamon (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Anchin (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Aramay (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Assunta (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Atarpe (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Cachanegtac (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Caprnp (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Carascan (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Cazopo (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Chagunte (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Chanigtac (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Chapngtac (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Chayen (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Chicntae (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Chiguau (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Chipisclin (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Chipletac (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Chiputca (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Chuchictac (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Churmutce (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Chuscan (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Chutchin (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Chynau (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Conop (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Elarroyde (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Flunmuda (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Gamchines (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Genau (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Guanlen (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Guloismistae (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Halchis (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Horocroc (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Huimen (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Hunctu (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Itaes (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Joquizara (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Josquigard (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Juniamuc (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Juris (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Lamsim (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Libantone (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Livangebra (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Livangelva (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Luianeglua (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Luidneg (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Macsinum (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Malvaitac (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Mitline (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Muingpe (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Naig (village) connected with Dolores mission #* Olemos. A former rancheria connected with Dolores #* Olestura rancheria connected with Dolores mission #* Olpen rancheria connected with Dolores mission #* Ompivromo (village) connected with Dolores mission #* Olmolosoc rancheria connected with Dolores mission #* Otoacte (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Ousint (village) connected with Dolores mission #* Patnetac (village) connected with Dolores mission #* Pructaca (village)connected with Dolores mission #* Proqueu (village) connected with Dolores mission #* Purutea (village)connected with Dolores mission #* Puycone (village) connected with Dolores mission #* Sadaues rancheria connected with Dolores mission #* Sagunte (village) connected with Dolores mission #* Saraise (village) connected with Dolores mission #* Sarontac (village) connected with Dolores mission #* Satumuo rancheria connected with Dolores mission #* Saucon (village) connected with Dolores mission #* Sicca (village) connected with Dolores mission #* Sipanum (village) connected with Dolores mission #* Siscastac (village) connected to Dolores Mission #* Sitintajea rancheria connected with Dolores mission #* Sitlintaj rancheria connected with Dolores mission #* Ssalayme (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Ssichitca (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Ssiti (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Ssogereate (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Saupichum (village) connected with Dolores Mission #* Subchiam (village) connected with Dolores mission #* Suchigin (village) connected with Dolores mission #* Suchui (village) connected with Dolores mission #* Sunchaque (village) connected with Dolores mission #* Tatquinte (village) connected with Dolores mission #* Timsim (village) connected with Dolores mission #* Titiyu (village) connected with Dolores mission #* Torose (village) connected with Dolores mission #* Totola (village) connected with Dolores mission #* Tubisuste (village) connected with Dolores mission #* Tuca (village) connected with Dolores mission #* Tupuic (village) connected with Dolores mission #* Tupuinte (village) connected with Dolores mission #* Tuzsint (village) connected with Dolores mission #* Ussete (village) connected with Dolores mission #* Vagerpe (village) connected with Dolores mission #* Yacomui (village) connected with Dolores mission #* Zomiomi (village) connected with Dolores mission #* Zucigin (village) connected with Dolores mission #* Chutchui (village) – near the present day site of Mission Dolores in San Francisco. #* Uchium – a division of the Olamentke, and according to

Chamisso Adelbert von Chamisso (; 30 January 1781 – 21 August 1838) was a German poet, writer and botanist. He was commonly known in French as Adelbert de Chamisso (or Chamissot) de Boncourt, a name referring to the family estate at Boncourt. Life ...

one of the most numerous connected with Dolores mission in 1816 #* Petlenuc (village) – near the

Presidio of San Francisco The Presidio of San Francisco (originally, El Presidio Real de San Francisco or The Royal Fortress of Saint Francis) is a park and former U.S. Army post on the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula in San Francisco, California, and is part ...

#* Sitlintac (village) – near

Mission Creek Mission Creek (from Spanish: ''misión'') is a river in San Francisco, California. Once navigable from the Mission Bay inland to the vicinity of Mission Dolores, where several smaller creeks converged to form it, Mission Creek has long since b ...

in San Francisco #* Tubsinta (village) – near

in San Francisco # Puichon – near present-day Menlo Park,

Palo Alto Palo Alto ( ; Spanish language, Spanish for ) is a charter city in northwestern Santa Clara County, California, United States, in the San Francisco Bay Area, named after a Sequoia sempervirens, coastal redwood tree known as El Palo Alto. Th ...

and Mountain View # Supinum - near present-day The Horse Park, Woodside, California, Portola Valley, # Tuchayune – fishing village on

Yerba Buena Island Yerba Buena Island ( Spanish: ''Isla Yerba Buena'') sits in San Francisco Bay within the borders of the City and County of San Francisco. The Yerba Buena Tunnel runs through its center and connects the western and eastern spans of the San Fran ...

br>
The following tribes furnished most of the converts at Mission Dolores: Ahwaste, Bolbone, Chiguau, Cuchillones, Chuscan, Cotejen, Junatca, Karkin, Khulpuni, Olemos, Olhon, Olmolococ, Olpen, Quemelentus, Quirogles, Saclan, Salzon (Suisun), Sanchines, Saucou, Sichican, Uchium and Uquitinac.

Santa Clara Valley

''Languages spoken: Tamyen,

Mutsun Mutsun (also known as San Juan Bautista Costanoan) is a Utian language spoken in Northern California. It was the primary language of a division of the Ohlone people living in the Mission San Juan Bautista area. It initially went extinct in 193 ...

Chochenyo The Chochenyo (also called Chocheño, Chocenyo) are one of the divisions of the Indigenous Ohlone (Costanoan) people of Northern California. The Chochenyo reside on the east side of the San Francisco Bay (the East Bay), primarily in what is no ...

on eastern fringes'' Tamyen language region (also spelled ''Tamien'', ''Thamien'') – tentatively Santa Clara Valley along Guadalupe River and west through

Cupertino Cupertino ( ) is a city in Santa Clara County, California, United States, directly west of San Jose on the western edge of the Santa Clara Valley with portions extending into the foothills of the Santa Cruz Mountains. The population was 60,38 ...

. Tribes and villages of

: # Alson – low marshlands at southern end of

San Francisco Bay San Francisco Bay (Chochenyo language, Chochenyo: 'ommu) is a large tidal estuary in the United States, U.S. state of California, and gives its name to the San Francisco Bay Area. It is dominated by the cities of San Francisco, California, San ...

, present-Day Newark,

Milpitas Milpitas (Spanish for or little cornfields) is a city in Santa Clara County, California, part of Silicon Valley and the broader San Francisco Bay Area. Located on the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay, it is bordered by San Jose to the south, ...

and

Alviso Alviso is a district of San Jose, California, located in North San Jose on the southern shores of San Francisco Bay. Originally an independent town, founded in 1852, today Alviso is San Jose's only waterfront district, primarily residential in n ...

# Asirin – Coast Ranges east of Santa Clara Valley # Aulintac (also spelled ''Auxentac'') – along Coyote Creek # Churistac – cover term for cluster of villages in the mountains east of

Morgan Hill Morgan Hill is a city in Santa Clara County, California, at the southern tip of Silicon Valley in the San Francisco Bay Area. Morgan Hill is an affluent residential community, the seat of several high-tech companies, and a dining and recreation ...

# Matalan – Santa Clara Valley from Coyote to Morgan Hill # Pala (also known as ''Palenos'') – mountains of Hall's Valley between Santa Clara Valley and Mount Hamilton # Ritocsi – Santa Clara Valley at Upper Guadalupe River and central Coyote Creek # San Bernardino Group – Santa Clara Valley unknown location; see Partacsi #* Lamaytu (tribe) – Santa Clara Valley #* Muyson (tribe) – Santa Clara Valley #* Pornen (tribe) – Santa Clara Valley #* Solchequis (tribe) – Santa Clara Valley # So-co-is-u-ka (village) – the original site of the

Mission Santa Clara Mission (from Latin 'the act of sending out'), Missions or The Mission may refer to: Geography Australia *Mission River (Queensland) Canada *Mission, British Columbia, a district municipality *Mission, Calgary, Alberta, a neighbourhood * O ...

(Mission Santa Clara de Thamien) on the Guadalupe River, 1777 # "Santa Ysabel" – eastern Santa Clara Valley and Upper

Calaveras Creek Calaveras Creek is a waterway that starts near Martinez, Texas and runs for fifteen miles to its mouth at the San Antonio River. It is the source of Calaveras Lake where it is dammed near Elmendorf.Los Gatos Los Gatos (; ; ) is an incorporated town in Santa Clara County, California, United States. The population is 33,529 according to the 2020 census. It is located in the San Francisco Bay Area just southwest of San Jose in the foothills of t ...

region of Santa Clara Valley, and/or a village of the Matalan # Thamien (village or locality) – the original site of the

(Mission Santa Clara de Thamien) on the Guadalupe River, 1777 # Tayssen – large area of eastern

Coast Ranges The Pacific Coast Ranges (officially gazetted as the Pacific Mountain System in the United States; ; ) are the series of mountain ranges that stretch along the West Coast of North America from Alaska south to Northern and Central Mexico. Althoug ...

east and southeast of Santa Clara Valley :In vicinity: # Junas – probably in Hospital Creek drainage or

San Antonio Valley The community of San Antonio Valley, also called San Antonio or San Antone, is located along the Diablo Range in eastern Santa Clara County, California. The locale is bordered by Alameda County to the north and Stanislaus County to the east. ...

Diablo Range The Diablo Range is a mountain range in the California Coast Ranges subdivision of the Pacific Coast Ranges in northern California, United States. It stretches from the eastern San Francisco Bay Area at its northern end to the Salinas Valley a ...

# Werwersen – vicinity of Mount Hamilton, Diablo Range :''*See also: Chitactac, Partacsi, possibly in this valley.''

East Bay area

''Languages spoken:

, Karkin in the north'' Tribes and villages of the

area: # Causen (aka ''Patlans'') –

Sunol Valley Sunol Valley () is located in Alameda County, California, United States. The small town of Sunol lies in the valley. It is largely rural, but is in proximity to the highly populated Bay Area suburbs of Fremont, Pleasanton, and Livermore. Des ...

# Huchiun – large area of East Bay shore, from Temescal Creek to present-day

Richmond Richmond most often refers to: * Richmond, British Columbia, a city in Canada * Richmond, California, a city in the United States * Richmond, London, a town in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, England * Richmond, North Yorkshire, a town ...

# Huchiun-Aguasto – East Bay on southeast shores of

San Pablo Bay San Pablo Bay is a tidal estuary that forms the northern extension of the San Francisco Bay in the East Bay and North Bay regions of the San Francisco Bay Area in northern California. Most of the Bay is shallow; however, there is a deep wate ...

# Karkin (aka ''Los Carquines'' in Spanish) – on both sides of

Carquinez Strait The Carquinez Strait (; Spanish: ''Estrecho de Carquinez'') is a narrow tidal strait located in the Bay Area of Northern California, United States. It is part of the tidal estuary of the Sacramento and the San Joaquin rivers as they drain int ...

, present-day Crockett,

Port Costa Port Costa is a small town and census-designated place (CDP) in Contra Costa County, California, located in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. Situated on the southern shore of the Carquinez Strait, the population was 190 in 2020 ...

, Martinez and

Benicia Benicia ( , ) is a city in Solano County, California, located on the north bank of the Carquinez Strait in the North Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. It served as the capital of California for nearly thirteen months from 1853 to 1854. ...

# Luecha – southeast of Livermore # Jalquin/Yrgen – present day Hayward,

Castro Valley Castro Valley is a census-designated place (CDP) in Alameda County, California, United States. At the 2020 census, it was the fourth most populous unincorporated area in California. The population was 66,441 at the 2020 census. Castro Valley is ...

# Pelnen – western part of

Livermore Valley The Livermore Valley, historically known as the Valle de San José (Valley of San José), is a valley in Alameda County, California, located in the East Bay region. The city of Livermore is located in the valley. The valley became known as "Liver ...

, from Pleasanton to

Dublin Dublin is the capital and largest city of Republic of Ireland, Ireland. Situated on Dublin Bay at the mouth of the River Liffey, it is in the Provinces of Ireland, province of Leinster, and is bordered on the south by the Dublin Mountains, pa ...

# Seunen – northwest side of Livermore Valley # Souyen – marshland of Livermore Valley and up

Tassajara Creek Tassajara Creek is a stream that flows from southeast of Mount Diablo in Contra Costa County to Arroyo Mocho in Pleasanton in Alameda County, California. The small Tassajara Creek Regional Park is along the creek, in Dublin, California, adjace ...

into southern foothills of

Mount Diablo Mount Diablo is a mountain of the Diablo Range, in Contra Costa County, California, Contra Costa County of the eastern San Francisco Bay Area in Northern California. It is south of Clayton, California, Clayton and northeast of Danville, Califo ...

# Ssaoam – around

Brushy Peak Brushy Peak, also known as Brushy Knob or Las Cuevas (The Caves), is a summit in Alameda County, California that overlooks the Livermore Valley. North of the valley, it is part of the Diablo Range. It rises to an elevation of and is the location ...

and

Altamont Pass Altamont Pass, formerly Livermore Pass, is a low mountain pass in the Diablo Range of Northern California between Livermore in the Livermore Valley and Tracy in the San Joaquin Valley. The name is actually applied to two distinct but nea ...

, between Livermore Valley and

San Joaquin Valley The San Joaquin Valley ( ; Spanish language in California, Spanish: ''Valle de San Joaquín'') is the southern half of California's Central Valley (California), Central Valley. Famed as a major breadbasket, the San Joaquin Valley is an importa ...

#* Yulian (either a subgroup or alias name of Ssaoams) # Taunan – mountainous parts of

Alameda Creek Alameda Creek () is a large perennial stream in the San Francisco Bay Area. The creek runs for from a lake northeast of Packard Ridge to the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay by way of Niles Canyon and a flood control channel. Along its course, ...

and Arroyo del Valle south to

Alameda An alameda is a street or path lined with trees () and may refer to: Places Canada * Alameda, Saskatchewan, town in Saskatchewan ** Grant Devine Dam, formerly ''Alameda Dam'', a dam and reservoir in southern Saskatchewan Chile * Alameda (Santi ...

–

Contra Costa County Contra Costa County (; ''Contra Costa'', Spanish language, Spanish for 'Opposite Coast') is a U.S. county, county located in the U.S. state of California, in the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area. As of the 2020 United States census, the ...

line # Tuibun – mouth of Alameda Creek and

Coyote Hills Coyote Hills may refer to: * Coyote Hills (Alameda County), California, USA ** Coyote Hills Regional Park Coyote Hills Regional Park is a regional park encompassing nearly 978 acres of land and administered by the East Bay Regional Park Distr ...

area, eastern shore of San Francisco Bay. Site is preserved in

Coyote Hills Regional Park Coyote Hills Regional Park is a regional park encompassing nearly 978 acres of land and administered by the East Bay Regional Park District. The park, which was dedicated to public use in 1967, is located in Fremont, California, US, on the sou ...

. #

Saclan The Saklan are a tribe of the Indigenous peoples of California, Native American Bay Miwok people, Miwok community, based just south of San Pablo Bay, San Pablo and Suisun Bays, in Contra Costa County, California. Their historical tribal lands ra ...

– a former group or division of the

Costanoan The Ohlone ( ), formerly known as Costanoans (from Spanish meaning 'coast dweller'), are a Native American people of the Northern California coast. When Spanish explorers and missionaries arrived in the late 18th century, the Ohlone inhabited ...

family inhabiting the shore at or south of

Oakland Oakland is a city in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area in the U.S. state of California. It is the county seat and most populous city in Alameda County, with a population of 440,646 in 2020. A major West Coast port, Oakland is ...

Santa Cruz Mountains

''Languages spoken:

Awaswas The Awaswas, also known as the Santa Cruz people, were a group of the Indigenous peoples of California in North America, with subgroups historically numbering about 600 to 1,400. Academic research suggests that their ancestors had lived within t ...

, Tamyen on eastern border'' Tribes and villages of the

: # Achista (tentatively included ''Acsaggis'') – Santa Cruz Mountains, present-day Boulder Creek, and Riverside Grove # Chalumu – current location of city of Santa Cruz # Chaloctac – around Loma Prieta Creek on crest of Santa Cruz Mountains # Chitactac – Santa Cruz Mountains and/or Santa Clara Valley # Cotoni – Pacific Coast at present-day

Davenport Davenport may refer to: Places Australia *Davenport, Northern Territory, a locality *Hundred of Davenport, cadastral unit in South Australia **Davenport, South Australia, suburb of Port Augusta **District Council of Davenport, former local govern ...

# Olpen (also known as ''Guemelentos'') – interior hills and valleys in Santa Cruz Mountains,

La Honda Creek La Honda Creek is a long stream on the Pacific slope of the Santa Cruz Mountains and is a tributary of San Gregorio Creek.U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline dataThe National Map accessed March 10, 2011 ...

, Corte de Madera Creek # Partacsi (also known as "Paltrastach") – Saratoga Gap mountainous area, upper

, Stevens Creek, and

Saratoga Creek Saratoga Creek is a north-northeast flowing creek in Santa Clara County, California, that flows to the Guadalupe Slough and south San Francisco Bay. History Saratoga Creek was originally called Arroyo Quito and then Campbell Creek after imm ...

watersheds; tentatively the village and center of San Bernardino tribal groups # Sayanta –

Scotts Valley Scotts Valley is a small city in Santa Cruz County, California, United States, about south of downtown San Jose and north of the city of Santa Cruz, in the upland slope of the Santa Cruz Mountains. As of the 2020 census, the city populati ...

, Glenwood, and

Laurel Laurel may refer to: Plants * Lauraceae, the laurel family * Laurel (plant), including a list of trees and plants known as laurel People * Laurel (given name), people with the given name * Laurel (surname), people with the surname * Laurel (mus ...

areas (part of Mexican grant '' Arrollo de Sayante'') # Sokel – present-day Aptos

Monterey Bay area

''Languages spoken:

north coast, Rumsen south coast,

inland'' Tribes and villages of the

area: # Aptos – Shores of Monterey Bay from Aptos east, halfway up

Pajaro River The Pajaro River (''pájaro'' is ''bird'' in Spanish language, Spanish) is a U.S. river in the Central Coast (California), Central Coast region of California, forming part of the border between San Benito County, California, San Benito and Sant ...

# Cajastaca – north or northeast of

Watsonville Watsonville is a city in Santa Cruz County, California, in the Monterey Bay Area of the Central Coast of California. The population was 52,590 at the 2020 census. Predominantly Latino and Democratic, Watsonville is a self-designated sanctua ...

, near the Pajaro River # Ichxenta – at San Jose Creek, near Point Lobos State Reserve # Kalindaruk (Calendaruc)-

Monterey County Monterey County ( ), officially the County of Monterey, is a county located on the Pacific coast in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 United States census, its population was 439,035. The county's largest city and county seat is ...

# Rumsien (village) – Carmel River, roughly 5 miles inland from San Carlos Mission and Pacific CoastKroeber, 1925, Map p. 465 # Uypi – present-day City of Santa Cruz # Wacharon – near present-day

Moss Landing Moss Landing, formerly Moss, is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Monterey County, California, United States. It is located north-northeast of Monterey, at an elevation of . It is on the shore of Monterey Bay, at t ...

Salinas Valley

''Languages spoken: Rumsen,

Chalon Chalon may refer to: Culture *Chalon people, a Native American tribe of California *Chalon language, an Ohlone language spoken by the Chalon people Places *Chalon, Isère, formerly Châlons, in France's Isère ''département'' *Le Chalon, in th ...

'' Tribes and villages of

: # Ansaime (also spelled ''Ausaima'') – east side of San Felipe sink on Pacheco Creek # Chipuctac – Cañada de los Osos area northeast of Gilroy # Mutsun (village) – at the

Mission San Juan Bautista Mission San Juan Bautista is a Spanish mission in San Juan Bautista, San Benito County, California. Founded on June 24, 1797, by Fermín de Lasuén of the Franciscan order, the mission was the fifteenth of the Spanish missions established in ...

, on

San Benito River The San Benito River is a long river flowing northwesterly between the Diablo Range and the Gabilan Range, on the Central Coast of California.U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline dataThe National Map acce ...

, west of present-day city of Hollister. # Pitac – possibly San Martin area or else part of Unijama in the Gilroy area # Tomoi – in the general area of

Pacheco Pass Pacheco Pass, elevation , is a low mountain pass located in the Diablo Range in southeastern Santa Clara County, California. It is the main route through the hills separating the Santa Clara Valley and the Central Valley. As with most passes ...

# Unijaima (also spelled ''Unijaimas'') – Gilroy and Carnadero areas # Wachero-n – at site of

Mission Soledad Mission (from Latin 'the act of sending out'), Missions or The Mission may refer to: Geography Australia *Mission River (Queensland) Canada *Mission, British Columbia, a district municipality *Mission, Calgary, Alberta, a neighbourhood *Ok ...

on Salinas River

Notes

References

* Kroeber, Alfred L. 1925. ''Handbook of the Indians of California''. Washington, D.C: ''Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin'' No. 78. (map of villages, page 465) * Milliken, Randall. ''A Time of Little Choice: The Disintegration of Tribal Culture in the San Francisco Bay Area 1769-1810'' Menlo Park, CA: Ballena Press Publication, 1995. (alk. paper)

External links

Ramaytush Ohlone

SF Heritage

Ohlone Land
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ohlone Villages Villages

Ohlone Villages The Ohlone ( ), formerly known as Costanoans (from Spanish meaning 'coast dweller'), are a Native Americans in the United States, Native American people of the Northern California coast. When Spanish explorers and missionaries arrived in the l ...

Native American-related lists

San Francisco Peninsula

Santa Clara Valley

East Bay area

Santa Cruz Mountains

Monterey Bay area

Salinas Valley

Notes

References

Further reading

External links