Psalm 8

Psalm 8 is the eighth psalm of the Book of Psalms, beginning and ending in English in the King James Version (KJV): "O LORD, our Lord, how excellent is thy name in all the earth!". In Latin, it is known as "Domine Dominus noster". Its authorship is traditionally assigned to King David. Like Psalms 81 and 84, this psalm opens with a direction to the chief musician to perform upon the '' gittith'', which either refers to a musical instrument, a style of performance, or alludes to persons and places in biblical history.

Commentator Cyril Rodd describes this as a "well-known and greatly loved psalm ... usually classified as a hymn". It forms a regular part of Jewish, Catholic, Lutheran, Anglican and other Protestant liturgies. It has often been set to music, and has inspired hymns such as " For the Beauty of the Earth" and "How Great Thou Art".

Background and themes

Like Psalms 81 and 84, Psalm 8 opens with a direction to the chief musician to perform upon the ''gittit'' (). The New King James Version calls it "the instrument of Gath". The Hebrew root () refers to a winepress, indicating that these are joyful psalms. The word may also refer to the biblical city of Gath, where a similar song was sung or a musical instrument was created; or to a song of Obed-Edom the Gittite, in whose home the Ark of the Covenant rested for three months (II Samuel 6:11); or to a song over Goliath, who was from Gath.

Charles Spurgeon called this psalm "the song of the Astronomer", as gazing at the heavens (verse 3 in KJV) inspires the psalmist to meditate on God's creation and man's place in it. Spurgeon further interpreted the "babes and sucklings" to whom the Lord gives strength (verse 2 in KJV) as referring variously to man, David, Jesus, the apostles, and all "who fight under Christ's banner".

According to the Midrash Tehillim, verses 5 through 10 in the Hebrew contain questions that the angels asked God as God was creating the world, referring to the righteous men of Israel:
*"What is man that You are mindful of him"—referring to Abraham (see Genesis 19:29);
*"and the son of man that You remember him"—referring to Abraham's son Isaac, who was born as a result of God remembering Sarah (Genesis 21:1);
*"Yet You made him less only than God"—referring to Jacob, who was able to produce streaked, speckled, and spotted flocks (Genesis 30:39);
*"And have crowned him with glory and honor"—referring to Moses, whose face shone (Exodus 34:29);
*"You give him dominion over the work of Your hands"—referring to Joshua, who made the sun and moon stand still (Joshua 10:12-13);
*"You put all things beneath his feet"—referring to David, whose enemies fell before him (II Samuel 22:43);
*"Sheep and oxen, all of them"—referring to Solomon, who understood the language of beasts (I Kings 5:13);
*"and the beasts of the field"—referring to either Samson or Daniel;
*"the birds of the sky"—referring to Elijah, who navigates the world like a bird, and who also received food from the ravens (I Kings 17:6);
*"and the fish of the seas"—referring to Jonah, who dwelled in the belly of a fish (Jonah 2:1).
*"he traverses the ways of the seas"—referring to the Israelites who walked through the sea on dry land (Exodus 15:19).
*"O Lord, our Lord how glorious is Your name in all the earth"—thus the angels concluded, "Do what pleases You. Your glory is to sojourn with Your people and with Your children".

Psalm 8 manifests a prevailing theme of man in creation, serving as a precursor to a sequential arrangement of acrostic Psalms 9 and 10. O Palmer Robertson, in his work "The Flow of the Psalms", identifies three analogous instances of creation-themed acrostics in Book 1 of Psalms, specifically:
* Creation Psalm 8 preceding acrostic Psalm 9 and 10
* Creation Psalm 24 preceding acrostic Psalm 25
* Creation Psalm 33 preceding acrostic Psalm 34.

Text

The following table shows the Hebrew text of the Psalm with vowels, alongside the Koine Greek text in the Septuagint and the English translation from the King James Version. Note that the meaning can slightly differ between these versions, as the Septuagint and the Masoretic text come from different textual traditions.A 1917 translation directly from Hebrew to English by the Jewish Publication Society can be foun
here
o
here
and an 1844 translation directly from the Septuagint by L. C. L. Brenton can be foun
here
Both translations are in the public domain.

Uses

Judaism

Psalm 8 is said during Yom Kippur Katan. In the Gra siddur, Psalm 8 is the Song of the Day for Simchat Torah in the Diaspora. In the ''Siddur Avodas Yisrael'', this psalm is said after ''Aleinu'' during the weekday evening prayer.

The first half of verse 2 (in the Hebrew) is recited by Ashkenazim during the Kedushah of Mussaf on Jewish holidays. This verse also appears in the Hoshanot on Sukkot.

Verse 10 (in the Hebrew) appears as the corresponding verse for the second mention of the name "Adonai" in the Priestly Blessing.

Christianity

New Testament

Some verses of Psalm 8 are referenced in the New Testament:
*Verse 2 is quoted by Jesus in Matthew in reference to children praising him in the temple.
*Verses 4-6 are quoted in Hebrews in reference to Jesus' incarnation.
*Verse 6 is quoted in 1 Corinthians and Ephesians .

Catholic Church

According to the ''Rule of Saint Benedict'', Psalm 8 is to be sung or recited by monks and nuns on Tuesday at the office of prime.

In the Roman Rite the psalm is recited twice a month as part of the Liturgy of the Hours, at Lauds on Saturday of weeks two and four. Additionally, it is also frequently used as the responsorial psalm at Mass: on Trinity Sunday, in the Easter Octave, on the first Tuesday of Ordinary Time, the 5th Tuesday of Ordinary Time, and on the 28th Saturday in Ordinary Time.

Pope Paul VI cited this psalm in his message on the Apollo 11 goodwill disk.

Coptic Orthodox Church

In the Agpeya, the Coptic Church's book of hours, this psalm is prayed in the office of Prime. It is also in the prayer of the Veil, which is generally prayed only by monks.

Book of Common Prayer

In the Church of England's ''Book of Common Prayer'', Psalm 8 is appointed to be read on the evening of the first day of the month, as well as at Mattins on Ascension Day.

Musical settings

Psalm 8 inspired hymn lyrics such as Folliott Sandford Pierpoint's " For the Beauty of the Earth" which first appeared in 1864 and "How Great Thou Art", based on a Swedish poem written by Carl Boberg in 1885.

Heinrich Schütz wrote a setting of a paraphrase in German, "Mit Dank wir sollen loben", SWV 104, for the '' Becker Psalter'', published first in 1628. Michel Richard Delalande, composer of King Louis XIV, wrote an extended Latin motet setting this psalm, which was performed at the Royal Chapel of Versailles for royal offices. Marc-Antoine Charpentier compose around 1670s one "''Domine Deus noster" for 3 voices, 2 treble instruments, and continuo,'' H.163.

Gospel singer Richard Smallwood set a version to music in 1990. In 2019, Seth Pinnock & A New Thing recorded a song entitled Psalms 8 which is featured as the first track on the Album: “Seth Pinnock & A New Thing Live”.

Literary references

The question "What is man?" from Psalm 8 may have inspired the reflection " What a piece of work is a man" in Shakespeare's ''Hamlet''. Peter Moore contends that Shakespeare was inspired by a paraphrase of Psalm 8 composed by Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, as he awaited execution in the Tower of London in late 1546 or early 1547. The question also appears as the title of Mark Twain's essay '' What Is Man?'', published anonymously in 1906. The title of a 1974 science fiction short story by American writer Isaac Asimov, " . . . That Thou Art Mindful of Him", is also taken from Psalm 8.

Historical uses

During his return to Earth from the first human landing on the Moon, astronaut Buzz Aldrin recited verses 4-5.From 4:00 to 4:32 at
/ref> Pope Paul VI quote from Psalm 8 in the Apollo 11 goodwill messages.

Illuminated manuscripts

Harley ms 603 f004v.jpg, In Harley Psalter
058 MS 65 F27 V.jpg, In Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry, with miniature of King David seeing Christ elevated above all other beings
Psalter of Eleanor of Aquitaine (ca. 1185) - KB 76 F 13, folium 033v.jpg, In the Psalter of
Eleanor of Aquitaine

Notes

References

Sources

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External links

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* Text of Psalm 8 according to th
1928 Psalter


text in Hebrew and English, mechon-mamre.org

For the leader; "upon the gittith." A psalm of David. / O LORD, our Lord, / how awesome is your name through all the earth!
text and footnotes, usccb.org United States Conference of Catholic Bishops


introduction and text, biblestudytools.com

Psalm 8 – The Glory of God in Creation
enduringword.com

Psalm 8 / O Lord our governor, / how glorious is your name in all the world!
Church of England

Psalm 8
at biblegateway.com

Hymns for Psalm 8
hymnary.org

{{Psalms

Texts assigned to David
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