Pokhara ( ) is a
metropolitan city located in central
Nepal
Nepal, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is mainly situated in the Himalayas, but also includes parts of the Indo-Gangetic Plain. It borders the Tibet Autonomous Region of China Ch ...
, which serves as the capital of
Gandaki Province. Named the country's "capital of tourism"
it is the
second largest city after
Kathmandu
Kathmandu () is the capital and largest city of Nepal, situated in the central part of the country within the Kathmandu Valley. As per the 2021 Nepal census, it has a population of 845,767 residing in 105,649 households, with approximately 4 mi ...
, with 599,504 inhabitants living in 120,594 households as of
2021 census.
Pokhara is located west of the capital,
Kathmandu
Kathmandu () is the capital and largest city of Nepal, situated in the central part of the country within the Kathmandu Valley. As per the 2021 Nepal census, it has a population of 845,767 residing in 105,649 households, with approximately 4 mi ...
, on the shore of
Phewa Lake, and sits at an average elevation of approximately 822 m above sea level. The Annapurna Range, with three out of the ten highest peaks in the world—
Dhaulagiri,
Annapurna I and
Manaslu—is within aerial range from the valley.
In 2024, Pokhara was declared as the tourism capital of Nepal,
being a base for trekkers undertaking the
Annapurna Circuit through the
Annapurna Conservation Area region of the
Annapurna ranges in the
Himalaya
The Himalayas, or Himalaya ( ), is a mountain range in Asia, separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. The range has some of the Earth's highest peaks, including the highest, Mount Everest. More than 100 pea ...
s. The city is also home to many of the elite
Gurkha soldiers, soldiers native to
South Asia
South Asia is the southern Subregion#Asia, subregion of Asia that is defined in both geographical and Ethnicity, ethnic-Culture, cultural terms. South Asia, with a population of 2.04 billion, contains a quarter (25%) of the world's populatio ...
of
Nepalese nationality recruited for the
British Army
The British Army is the principal Army, land warfare force of the United Kingdom. the British Army comprises 73,847 regular full-time personnel, 4,127 Brigade of Gurkhas, Gurkhas, 25,742 Army Reserve (United Kingdom), volunteer reserve perso ...
,
Nepalese Army,
Indian Army,
Gurkha Contingent Singapore,
Gurkha Reserve Unit Brunei, UN peacekeeping forces and in war zones around the world.
Etymology
The
Nepali word "''pokhari''" (, ) means "pond"; ''pokhara'' is a local variant.
History
By
radiocarbon dating
Radiocarbon dating (also referred to as carbon dating or carbon-14 dating) is a method for Chronological dating, determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of carbon-14, radiocarbon, a radioactive Isotop ...
and investigating the
alluvial deposits of Pokhara Valley, researchers have found that there were at least three large medieval earthquakes in 1000, 1255, and 1344
AD. Up to 9 cubic kilometres of conglomerates, massive mud and silt show indications of one or several megafloods that emanated from the Sabche Cirque in the Annapurna range.
A more recent 2023 study, by a team of French scientists, estimated that a single landslide, dated approximately to 1190 AD, removed as much as 23 cubic kilometers of material from Annapurna IV - now 7525 meters high, but could have been as high as above 8000 meters prior to the catastrophic event - and sent most of it to where the City of Pokhara were to be built subsequently.
Pokhara lies on an important old trading route between China and
India
India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...
. In the 17th century, it was part of the Kingdom of Kaski which was one of the
Chaubisi rajya (24 Kingdoms of Nepal, चौबिसे राज्य) ruled by a branch of the
Shah dynasty
The Shah dynasty (), also known as the Shahs of Gorkha or the Royal House of Gorkha, was the ruling Chaubise Thakuri dynasty and the founder of the Gorkha Kingdom from 1559 to 1768 and later the unified Kingdom of Nepal from 1768 to 28 May ...
. Many of the hills around Pokhara have medieval ruins from that time. In 1786,
Prithvi Narayan Shah, the last ruler of the
Gorkha Kingdom and first monarch of the
Kingdom of Nepal, added Pokhara to his kingdom. It had by then become an important trading place on the routes from Kathmandu to
Jumla and from India to Tibet.
The first settlement of the valley is theorized to have taken place when the first King of
Kaski,
Kulamandan Shah Khad (also called Bichitra Khan and Jagati Khan), made
Batulechaur in the northern side of the valley his winter capital during the mid 14th century. The people settled here included
Parajuli Brahmins, who were asked to look after the
Bindhyabasini temple and were given some land in that locality as Birta.
Dhobi Gauda was the first market center developed in Pokhara valley before the last King of
Kaski brought sixteen families of
Newars from Kathmandu (Bhaktapur) to develop the present-day market (i.e., old market) in the 1770s. Prior to that people were settled in the peripheral hills.
Pokhara was envisioned as a commercial center by the King of Kaski in the mid 18th century A.D. when
Newars of Bhaktapur migrated to Pokhara, upon being invited by the king, they settled near the main business locations such as
Bindhyabasini temple,
Nalakomukh and
Bhairab Tole. Most of Pokhara, at the time, was largely inhabited by
Khas
Khas peoples or Khas Tribes, (; ) popularly known as Khashiya are an Indo-Aryan ethno-linguistic group native to the Himalayan region of the Indian subcontinent, in what is now the South Asian country of Nepal, as well as the Indian stat ...
(
Brahmin
Brahmin (; ) is a ''Varna (Hinduism), varna'' (theoretical social classes) within Hindu society. The other three varnas are the ''Kshatriya'' (rulers and warriors), ''Vaishya'' (traders, merchants, and farmers), and ''Shudra'' (labourers). Th ...
,
Chhetri and
Dalits
Dalit ( from meaning "broken/scattered") is a term used for Untouchability, untouchables and Outcast (person), outcasts, who represented the lowest stratum of the Caste system in India, castes in the Indian subcontinent. They are also called ...
),
Gurungs,
Magars
The Magars, also spelled Mangar and Mongar, are the largest ethnic group native to Nepal and Northeast India, representing 6.9% of Nepal's total population according to the 2021 Nepal census. They are one of the main Gurkha tribes.
The first ...
and
Thakuri.
At present, the
Khas
Khas peoples or Khas Tribes, (; ) popularly known as Khashiya are an Indo-Aryan ethno-linguistic group native to the Himalayan region of the Indian subcontinent, in what is now the South Asian country of Nepal, as well as the Indian stat ...
,
Gurung (Tamu) and
Magar form the dominant community of Pokhara. There is also a sizeable
Newari population in the city.
Batulechaur in the far north of Pokhara is home to the ''
Gandharvas'' ''or Gaaineys'' (the tribe of the musicians).

The nearby hills around Pokhara are covered by
Gurung
Gurung (exonym; ) or Tamu (endonym; Gurung language, Gurung: ) are a Tibetan people, Tibetan ethnic group living in the hills and mountains of Gandaki Province of Nepal. Gurungs speak Tamu kyi which is a Sino-Tibetan language derived from the ...
villages with few places belonging to the
Khas
Khas peoples or Khas Tribes, (; ) popularly known as Khashiya are an Indo-Aryan ethno-linguistic group native to the Himalayan region of the Indian subcontinent, in what is now the South Asian country of Nepal, as well as the Indian stat ...
community.
Magar communities are also present mostly in the southern outlying hills. A
Newar community is almost non-existent in the villages of outlying hills outside the Pokhara city limits.
From 1959 to 1962, approximately 300,000 exiles entered Nepal from neighboring
Tibet
Tibet (; ''Böd''; ), or Greater Tibet, is a region in the western part of East Asia, covering much of the Tibetan Plateau and spanning about . It is the homeland of the Tibetan people. Also resident on the plateau are other ethnic groups s ...
following its annexation by China. Most of the Tibetan exiles then sought asylum in
Dharamshala and other Tibetan exile communities in India. According to
UNHCR
The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is a United Nations agency mandated to aid and Humanitarian protection, protect refugees, Internally displaced person, forcibly displaced communities, and Statelessness, s ...
, since 1989, approximately 2500 Tibetans cross the border into Nepal each year, many of whom arrive in Pokhara typically as a transit to Tibetan exile communities in India. About 50,000–60,000 Tibetan exiles reside in Nepal, and approximately 20,000 of the exiled Tibetans live in one of the 12 consolidated camps, eight in Kathmandu and four in and around Pokhara. The four Tibetan settlements in Pokhara are Jampaling, Paljorling, Tashi Ling, and Tashi Palkhel. These camps have evolved into well-built settlements, each with a
gompa (Buddhist monastery),
chorten
In Buddhism, a stupa (, ) is a domed hemispherical structure containing several types of sacred relics, including images, statues, metals, and ''śarīra''—the remains of Bhikkhu, Buddhist monks or Bhikkhuni, nuns. It is used as a place of ...
and its particular architecture, and Tibetans have become a visible minority in the city.
Until the end of the 1960s, the town was only accessible by foot and it was considered even more a mystical place than Kathmandu. The first road was completed in 1968 (
Siddhartha Highway) after which tourism set in and the city grew rapidly. The area along the Phewa lake, called
Lakeside, has developed into one of the major tourism hubs of Nepal.
Geography

Due to the high population density and the frequency of natural disasters, western Nepal is considered one of the most disaster-prone regions in the world. Pokhara is considered particularly vulnerable to earthquakes and floods because the
Seti Gandaki River flows through the city. For example, the strongest earthquakes in the region include those of
2015 in Nepal.
Pokhara is in the northwestern corner of the
Pokhara Valley, which is a widening of the Seti Gandaki valley that lies in the region (''Pahad'') of the
Himalayas
The Himalayas, or Himalaya ( ), is a mountain range in Asia, separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. The range has some of the Earth's highest peaks, including the highest, Mount Everest. More than list of h ...
. In this region, the mountains rise very quickly, and within , the elevation rises from . As a result of this sharp rise in altitude the area of Pokhara has one of the highest
precipitation
In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls from clouds due to gravitational pull. The main forms of precipitation include drizzle, rain, rain and snow mixed ("sleet" in Commonwe ...
rates in the country (3,350 mm/year or 131 inches/year in the valley to 5600 mm/year or 222 inches/year in
Lumle). Even within the city, there is a noticeable difference in rainfall between the south and the north: The northern part at the foothills of the mountains experiences a proportionally higher amount of precipitation.
The Seti Gandaki is the main river flowing through the city. The Seti Gandaki (White Gandaki) and its tributaries have created several gorges and canyons in and around Pokhara that give intriguingly long sections of terrace features to the city and surrounding areas. These long sections of terraces are interrupted by gorges that are hundreds of metres deep. The Seti gorge runs through Pokhara from north to south and then west to east; at places, these gorges are only a few metres wide. In the north and south, the canyons are wider.
In the south, the city borders
Phewa Tal (or Phewa Lake) (4.4 km
2) at an elevation of about
above sea level
Height above mean sea level is a measure of a location's vertical distance (height, elevation or altitude) in reference to a vertical datum based on a historic mean sea level. In geodesy, it is formalized as orthometric height. The zero level ...
, while north of Pokhara, the village of
Lumle at touches the base of the
Annapurna mountain range
A mountain range or hill range is a series of mountains or hills arranged in a line and connected by high ground. A mountain system or mountain belt is a group of mountain ranges with similarity in form, structure, and alignment that have aris ...
. Pokhara, the city of lakes, is the second-largest city of Nepal after
Kathmandu
Kathmandu () is the capital and largest city of Nepal, situated in the central part of the country within the Kathmandu Valley. As per the 2021 Nepal census, it has a population of 845,767 residing in 105,649 households, with approximately 4 mi ...
. Three peaks (
Dhaulagiri,
Annapurna,
Manaslu) can be seen from the city. The
Machhapuchchhre (''Fishtail'') with an elevation of is the closest to the city.
The porous underground of the Pokhara valley favors the formation of caves and several caves can be found within city limits and neighboring cities as well. In the south of the city, a tributary of the
Seti Gandaki River flowing out of the
Phewa Lake disappears at ''Patale Chhango'' (पाताले छाँगो, Nepali for Hell's Falls, also called Davis Falls, after someone who supposedly fell in) into an underground gorge, to reappear further south.
Climate
The city has a
humid subtropical climate
A humid subtropical climate is a subtropical -temperate climate type, characterized by long and hot summers, and cool to mild winters. These climates normally lie on the southeast side of all continents (except Antarctica), generally between ...
; however, the elevation keeps temperatures moderate. Temperatures in summer average between 25 and 35 °C; in winter around −2 to 15 °C. Pokhara and nearby areas receive a high amount of precipitation.
Lumle, from Pokhara city center, receives the highest amount of rainfall (> 5600 mm/year or 222 inches/year) in the country. Snowfall is not observed in the valley, but surrounding hills experience occasional snowfall in the winter. Summers are humid and mild; most precipitation occurs during the
monsoon season (June–September). Winter and spring skies are generally clear and sunny.
The highest temperature ever recorded in Pokhara was on 4 May 2013, while the lowest temperature ever recorded was on 13 January 2012.
Demographics
At the time of the
2021 Nepal census, Pokhara Metropolitan City had a population of 599,504. Of these, 78.8% spoke
Nepali, 11%
Gurung
Gurung (exonym; ) or Tamu (endonym; Gurung language, Gurung: ) are a Tibetan people, Tibetan ethnic group living in the hills and mountains of Gandaki Province of Nepal. Gurungs speak Tamu kyi which is a Sino-Tibetan language derived from the ...
, 2.4%
Magar, 2.4%
Newar, 1.4%
Tamang, 0.8%
Bhojpuri, 0.6%
Hindi
Modern Standard Hindi (, ), commonly referred to as Hindi, is the Standard language, standardised variety of the Hindustani language written in the Devanagari script. It is an official language of India, official language of the Government ...
, 0.6%
Maithili, 0.3%
Tharu, 0.3%
Urdu
Urdu (; , , ) is an Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in South Asia. It is the Languages of Pakistan, national language and ''lingua franca'' of Pakistan. In India, it is an Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of Indi ...
, 0.2%
Magar Kham, 0.2%
Rai, 0.2%
Thakali, 0.1%
Bengali, 0.1%
Bhujel, 0.1%
Chantyal, 0.1%
Limbu and 0.1% other languages as their first language.
In terms of ethnicity/caste, 28.0% were
Hill Brahmin, 16.1%
Gurung
Gurung (exonym; ) or Tamu (endonym; Gurung language, Gurung: ) are a Tibetan people, Tibetan ethnic group living in the hills and mountains of Gandaki Province of Nepal. Gurungs speak Tamu kyi which is a Sino-Tibetan language derived from the ...
, 15.4%
Chhetri, 9.1%
Magar, 6.8%
Kami
are the Deity, deities, Divinity, divinities, Spirit (supernatural entity), spirits, mythological, spiritual, or natural phenomena that are venerated in the traditional Shinto religion of Japan. ''Kami'' can be elements of the landscape, forc ...
, 5.4%
Newar, 3.3%
Damai/Dholi, 2.8%
Tamang, 2.0%
Sarki, 1.4% Gharti/
Bhujel, 1.4%
Thakuri, 0.9%
Badi, 0.9%
Musalman, 0.9% Sanyasi/Dasnami, 0.8%
Rai, 0.6%
Tharu, 0.5%
Kumal, 0.5%
Thakali, 0.2%
Chhantyal, 0.2% other
Dalit
Dalit ( from meaning "broken/scattered") is a term used for untouchables and outcasts, who represented the lowest stratum of the castes in the Indian subcontinent. They are also called Harijans. Dalits were excluded from the fourfold var ...
, 0.2%
Kalwar, 0.2% Kathabaniyan, 0.2%
Sonar, 0.2%
Teli, 0.1%
Bengali, 0.1% Dura, 0.1% foreigners, 0.1%
Gaine, 0.1%
Ghale, 0.1%
Hajjam/Thakur, 0.1%
Halwai, 0.1%
Koiri/
Kushwaha, 0.1%
Limbu, 0.1% Majhi, 0.1%
Sherpa, 0.1%
Sunuwar, 0.1% other Terai and 0.1%
Yadav
Yadavs are a grouping of non-elite, peasant-pastoral Quote: "The Yadavs were traditionally a low-to-middle-ranking cluster of pastoral-peasant castes that have become a significant political force in Uttar Pradesh (and other northern states l ...
.
In terms of religion, 82.4% were
Hindu
Hindus (; ; also known as Sanātanīs) are people who religiously adhere to Hinduism, also known by its endonym Sanātana Dharma. Jeffery D. Long (2007), A Vision for Hinduism, IB Tauris, , pp. 35–37 Historically, the term has also be ...
, 13.2%
Buddhist
Buddhism, also known as Buddhadharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and List of philosophies, philosophical tradition based on Pre-sectarian Buddhism, teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or ...
, 2.4%
Christian
A Christian () is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, a Monotheism, monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus in Christianity, Jesus Christ. Christians form the largest religious community in the wo ...
, 0.9%
Muslim
Muslims () are people who adhere to Islam, a Monotheism, monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God ...
, 0.6%
Bon, 0.2%
Prakriti, 0.1%
Kirati and 0.2% others.
In terms of literacy, 84.3% could read and write, 1.4% could only read and 14.3% could neither read nor write.
Economy
Since the 1990s, Pokhara has experienced rapid urbanization. As a result, service-sector industries have increasingly contributed to the local economy overtaking the traditional agriculture. An effect of urbanization is seen in high real estate prices, among the highest in the country. The major contributors to the economy of Pokhara are manufacturing and service sector including tourism; agriculture and the foreign and domestic remittances. Tourism, service sector and manufacturing contributes approximately 58% to the economy, remittances about 20% and agriculture nearly 16%.
Hydroelectric power plants
Pokhara has a number of hydroelectric power plants.
*
Fewa Hydropower Station
*
Seti Hydropower Station
*
Bijayapur-I Small Hydropower Project
* Bijaypur Khola-2 Hydropower Project (under Construction)
Temples, Biharas and churches
There are numerous temples,
gumbas (Buddhist monasteries) and
churches in and around Pokhara valley. Many temples serve as combined places of worship for Hindus and Buddhists. Some of the popular temples, gumbas and churches are:
*
Tal Barahi Temple (located on the island in the middle of
Phewa Lake)
*
Bindhyabasini temple
*
World peace pagoda
*
Pumdikot Shiva Statue
*
Bhadrakali Temple
*
Matepani Gumba
*
Akala Devi Temple
* Nepal Christiya Ramghat Church, established in 1952
A.D. (2009 BS), the first-ever church in Nepal
*
Bhimsen Temple
Location
The municipality of Pokhara spans from north to south and from east to west but, unlike the capital Kathmandu, it is quite loosely built up and still has much green space. Nepal The gorge through which the river flows is crossed at five places: K.I. Singh Pool,
Mahendrapul and Prithvi Highway Pool from north to south of the city. The floor of the valley is plain, resembles
Terai due to its gravel-like surface, and has slanted orientation from northwest to southeast. The city is surrounded by the hills overlooking the entire valley.
Phewa Lake was slightly enlarged by damming which poses a risk of silting up due to the inflow during the
monsoon
A monsoon () is traditionally a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation but is now used to describe seasonal changes in Atmosphere of Earth, atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with annu ...
. The outflowing water is partially used for
hydropower
Hydropower (from Ancient Greek -, "water"), also known as water power or water energy, is the use of falling or fast-running water to Electricity generation, produce electricity or to power machines. This is achieved by energy transformation, ...
generation at
Fewa Hydropower Station. The dam collapsed in 1974 which resulted in draining of its water and exposing the land leading to illegal land encroachment; since then the dam has been rebuilt. The power plant is about below at the bottom of the Phusre Khola gorge. Water from Phewa is diverted for irrigation into the southern Pokhara valley. The eastern Pokhara Valley receives irrigation water through a canal running from a reservoir by the Seti in the north of the city. Some parts of Phewa lake are used as commercial cage fisheries. The lake is currently being encroached upon by invasive
water hyacinth
''Pontederia crassipes'' (formerly ''Eichhornia crassipes''), commonly known as common water hyacinth, is an aquatic plant native to South America, naturalized throughout the world, and often invasive species, invasive outside its native rang ...
(जलकुम्भी झार).
In 2017, Pokhara Lekhnath Metropolitan City became Nepal's largest metropolitan city by area, occupying —which means the city is nine times larger than Kathmandu, 18 times larger than
Lalitpur and 2.5 times larger than
Bharatpur.
Pokhara is known to be a popular tourist destination for visitors from all over the world. Every year, many people visit the location in order to travel to the Annapurna range and famous religious place muktinath. The tourist district is along the north shore of the Phewa lake (
Baidam, Lakeside, and Damside). It is mainly made up of small shops, non-star tourist hotels, restaurants, and
bars. Most upscale and starred hotels are on the southern shore of the Phewa Lake and southeastern fringes of the city where there are more open lands and unhindered view of the surrounding mountains. Most of the tourists visiting Pokhara trek to the Annapurna Base Camp and
Mustang. To the east of the Pokhara valley, there are seven smaller lakes such as
Begnas Lake, Rupa Lake, Khaste lake, Maidi lake, Neureni lake, Dipang lake. Begnas Lake is known for its fishery projects.
Tourism
After the occupation of
Tibet
Tibet (; ''Böd''; ), or Greater Tibet, is a region in the western part of East Asia, covering much of the Tibetan Plateau and spanning about . It is the homeland of the Tibetan people. Also resident on the plateau are other ethnic groups s ...
by China in 1950 and the
Indo-China war in 1962, the
old trading route to India from
Tibet
Tibet (; ''Böd''; ), or Greater Tibet, is a region in the western part of East Asia, covering much of the Tibetan Plateau and spanning about . It is the homeland of the Tibetan people. Also resident on the plateau are other ethnic groups s ...
through Pokhara became defunct. Today only a few caravans from
Mustang arrive in
Bagar.
In recent decades, Pokhara has become a major tourist destination: it is considered the tourism capital of Nepal,
[ mainly for adventure tourism and the base for the famous Annapurna Circuit trek. Thus, a major contribution to the local economy is made by the tourism and hospitalities industry. Tourism is the primary source of income for local people and the city. There are two 5-star hotels and approximately 305 other hotels that includes one 4-star, five 3-star, fifteen 2-star and non-star hotels in the city.
]
The city promotes two major hilltops as viewpoints to see the city and surrounding panorama: World Peace Pagoda, built in 1996 across the southern shore of Phewa Lake and Sarangkot, which is northwest of the city. In February 2004, International Mountain Museum (IMM) was opened for public in Ratopahiro to boost the city's tourism. Other museums are Pokhara Regional Museum; an ethnographic museum; Annapurna Natural History Museum which houses preserved specimens of flora and fauna, and contains a particularly extensive collection of the butterflies, found in the Western and Annapurna Conservation Area region of Nepal; and Gurkha Museum featuring the history of the Gurkha soldiers.
Hotels
There are around 375 tourist standard hotels, and many more are in the pipeline.
Cable cars
Annapurna Cable Car takes tourists from Lakeside to Sarangkot and back. Another one being built will connect Phewa Lake with World Peace Stupa.
Military
The Pokhara region has a very strong military tradition with a significant number of its men being employed by the Nepali army. The Western Division HQ of the Nepalese Army is stationed at Bijayapur, Pokhara and its Area of Responsibility (AOR) consists of the entire Western Development Region of Nepal. The AOR of this division is 29,398 km2 and a total of 16 districts are under the division. The population of the AOR of Western Division is 4,571,013. Both the British Army and the Indian Army have regional recruitment and pensioners facilitation camps in Pokhara. The British Gurkha Camp is located at Deep Heights in the northeast of the Pokhara city and the Indian Gorkha Pension Camp is on the south-western side of the city, Rambazar.
Electricity and water supply
Electricity in Pokhara is regulated and distributed by the NEA Nepal Electricity Authority. Water supply and sanitation facilities are provided by the Nepal Water Supply Corporation (NWSC).
Education
Pokhara has more than eight hundred private and public high educational institutions. There are several institutions of higher learning up to the doctorate level in social sciences, business, and science and technology.
Transportation
Public transit
Pokhara has extensive privately operated public transportation system running throughout the city, adjoining townships and nearby villages. Pokhara Mahanagar Bus Bebasaya Samiti (green, brown and blue buses), Mama Bhanja Transport (blue buses), Bindabashini Samiti (blue buses), Phewa Bus Bebasaya Samiti (mini micros) and Lekhnath Bus Bebasaya Samiti (green and white buses) are the private companies that provide public bus transportation facility in and around Pokhara Valley. The public transport mainly consists of local and city buses, micros, micro-buses and metered-taxis.
Intercity connections
Ground connections
Pokhara is well connected to the rest of the country through permanent roads such as the Prithivi highway, Siddhartha highway, Bhupi Sherchan marg, and other roads. The main mode of transportation are Cars, Motorbikes, Public Buses, Taxis and the ''Purano Bus Park'' is the main hub for buses plying countrywide.
Aviation
The Pokhara Regional International Airport (PRIA) opened January 1, 2023. Domestic airlines operate there. However, as of April 2025, only one international airline serves the airport, despite incentives to do so, due to various reasons such as issues related to flight permit over indian airspace and misuse of funds. Himalaya airlines operates one regular commercial flight a week on the Kathmandu-Lhasa-Pokhara-Lhasa-Kathmandu route, but a dozen chartered flights have been hosted from China, Bhutan, and India.
Most operations from the old Pokhara airport were transferred to the new airport on 1 January 2023, the domestic operations to Jomsom, helicopters, and ultralights are still operated from this airport in 2025.
Flight duration from Kathmandu
Kathmandu () is the capital and largest city of Nepal, situated in the central part of the country within the Kathmandu Valley. As per the 2021 Nepal census, it has a population of 845,767 residing in 105,649 households, with approximately 4 mi ...
to Pokhara is approximately 30 minutes.
Water bodies
Pokhara valley is rich in water sources. The major bodies of water in and around Pokhara are:
Lakes
* Phewa Lake, Begnas Lake, Rupa Lake, Dipang Lake, Khaste lake, Maidi Tal, Niureni Tal, Gude Tal, Kamal Pokhari Tal, Kashyap Tal (Thuli Pokhari)
Rivers
* Seti Gandaki (Seti Khola), Kahun Khola, Bijaypur Khola, Furse Khola, Kali Khola, Yamdi Khola, Mardi River, Harpan Khola, Hadi Khola.
Sports and recreation
The sporting activities are mainly centered in the multipurpose stadium Pokhara Rangasala (or Annapurna Stadium) in Rambazar. The popular sports are football, cricket
Cricket is a Bat-and-ball games, bat-and-ball game played between two Sports team, teams of eleven players on a cricket field, field, at the centre of which is a cricket pitch, pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising two Bail (cr ...
, volleyball, basketball, martial arts, etc. The Sahara Club is one of the most active organizations promoting football in the city and organizes a South Asian club-level annual tournament: the Aaha Gold Cup. Additionally, the Kaski District Football Association (KDFA) organizes Safal Pokhara Gold Cup, which is also a South Asian club-level tournament and ANFA organizes local Kaski district club-level Balram KC memorial football tournament. B-13, Sangam & LG are the powerhouse Football club in Pokhara. There are several tennis courts. Himalayan Golf Course has attracted international press for its unique design. At 1100 meters, on the way, near Sarangkot hill, high mountain sports activity, paragliding is a good attraction for tourists as well as domestic tourists for adventure activities Nearby Sarangkot hill has developed as a good attraction for adventure activities such as paragliding and skydiving
Parachuting and skydiving are methods of descending from a high point in an atmosphere to the ground or ocean surface with the aid of gravity, involving the control of speed during the descent using a parachute or multiple parachutes.
For hu ...
. The Pokhara city marathon, high altitude marathon are some activities attracting mass participation. Adventure sports such as base jumping, paragliding, canyoning, rock climbing, bungee jumping, etc. are targeted towards tourists. Pokhara Rhinos represents the city in Everest Premier League.
Music
The universal instruments used in Nepalese music
Music of Nepal refers to the various musical genres played and listened to in Nepal. With more than fifty ethnic groups in Nepal, the country's music is highly diverse. Genres like Tamang Selo, Madheshi Hori, Chaitawar, Chhathiyaar dhun, Chyabrun ...
include the '' madal'' (small leather drum), '' bansuri'' (bamboo flute), and ''saarangi''. These instruments are prominent features of the traditional folk music (''lok gít'' or lok geet) in Pokhara, which is actually the western (Gandaki, Dhaulagiri and Lumbini) branch of Nepali ''lok geet''. Some examples of music of this region are ''Resham Firiri'' (रेशम फिरिरी) and ''Khyalee Tune'' (ख्याली धुन).
The ''lok geet'' started airing in Radio Nepal during the 1950s and artists such as Jhalakman Gandharva, Dharma Raj Thapa are considered pioneers in bringing the ''lok git'' into mass media. During early and late 1990s, bands from Pokhara like Nepathya started their very successful fusion of western rock and pop with traditional folk music. Since then several other musical groups in Nepal
Nepal, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is mainly situated in the Himalayas, but also includes parts of the Indo-Gangetic Plain. It borders the Tibet Autonomous Region of China Ch ...
have adopted the ''lok''-pop/rock style producing dozens of albums every year.
Another important part of cultural music of western Nepal, and hence Pokhara, is the ''Panché Baaja'' (पञ्चे बाजा), a traditional musical band performed generally during marriage ceremonies by the ''damaai'' musicians.
The musical culture in Pokhara is quite dynamic and in recent years, Western rock and roll, pop, rap and hip-hop are becoming increasingly popular with frequently held musical concerts; however, the traditional ''lok'' and modern (semi-classical) Nepali music are predominantly favored by the general population. More musical concerts are held in Pokhara than in any other city in the country.
Media and communications
Media and communication were quite limited until the 1990s. However, in the following decade there has been a proliferation of private media in print, radio and television. There are 19 privately owned local FM stations in the Pokhara valley. An additional 4 FM stations from Kathmandu have their relay broadcast stations in Pokhara. There are six community radio
Community radio is a radio service offering a third model of radio broadcasting in addition to commercial broadcasting, commercial and public broadcasting.
Community broadcasting, Community stations serve geographic communities and communities o ...
stations and five television stations.
Approximately 14 national daily newspapers in Nepali are published in the city, along with several other weekly and monthly news magazines. All major national newspapers published in Kathmandu have distributions in Pokhara. A number of online news portals are also updated from Pokhara, as well as some entertainment-based websites. Popular technology based web-magazine TechSansar also started in Pokhara.
Pokhara has got 4G network of Nepal Telecom, Smart Cell and Ncell. The majority of the people in the city access internet through mobiles, numerous cyber cafes, and local wireless ISPs. Most tourist restaurants and hotels also provide WiFi services. Wi-Fi hotspots by Nepal Telecom using Wi-MAX technology were launched in February 2014, and are accessible in most parts of the city for a fee. Subscriber based internet is provided by several private ISP providers.
Notable people from Pokhara
People who live or have lived in Pokhara City are known as ''Pokhareli''. In demographic terms, the Gurung people
Gurung (exonym; ) or Tamu (endonym; Gurung language, Gurung: ) are a Tibetan people, Tibetan ethnic group living in the hills and mountains of Gandaki Province of Nepal. Gurungs speak Tamu kyi which is a Sino-Tibetan language derived from the ...
are the dominant ethnic group, hailing from the hills around Pokhara such as Sikles, Armala, Ghalel gaun, Ghandruk, Lumle etc., with Brahmin
Brahmin (; ) is a ''Varna (Hinduism), varna'' (theoretical social classes) within Hindu society. The other three varnas are the ''Kshatriya'' (rulers and warriors), ''Vaishya'' (traders, merchants, and farmers), and ''Shudra'' (labourers). Th ...
from Syangja, Newar and Magar making up the rest of Pokhara's population. Pokhara also has the highest number of Gurkha soldiers, the majority of them belonging to Gurung
Gurung (exonym; ) or Tamu (endonym; Gurung language, Gurung: ) are a Tibetan people, Tibetan ethnic group living in the hills and mountains of Gandaki Province of Nepal. Gurungs speak Tamu kyi which is a Sino-Tibetan language derived from the ...
and Magar ethnic groups, who were categorized as martial race by the British Army
The British Army is the principal Army, land warfare force of the United Kingdom. the British Army comprises 73,847 regular full-time personnel, 4,127 Brigade of Gurkhas, Gurkhas, 25,742 Army Reserve (United Kingdom), volunteer reserve perso ...
.
See also
* Pumdikot
Pumdikot is a hill station near Pokhara in Kaski District of Gandaki Province in Nepal. The place has a viewpoint at an altitude of 1,500 meters above sea level and has the second tallest statue of Shiva in Nepal, after Kailashnath Mahadev Stat ...
* 2022 Pokhara municipal election
References
External links
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{{Authority control
Cities in Nepal
Gandaki Province
Hill stations in Nepal
Kaski District
Metropolitan cities in Nepal
Nepal municipalities established in 1962
Populated places in Kaski District
Tourism in Nepal
Tourist attractions in Nepal
Nepalese capital cities