Payyannur
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Payyanur (), is a municipal town and a
taluk A tehsil (, also known as tahsil, taluk, or taluka () is a local unit of administrative division in India and Pakistan. It is a subdistrict of the area within a district including the designated populated place that serves as its administrative ...
, a sub-district administrative unit, in the
Kannur district Kannur () is one of the 14 Districts of Kerala, districts along the west coast in the state of Kerala, India. The city of Kannur is the district headquarters and gives the district its name. The old name, Cannanore, is the anglicized form of th ...
of
Kerala Kerala ( , ) is a States and union territories of India, state on the Malabar Coast of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, following the passage of the States Reorganisation Act, by combining Malayalam-speaking regions of the erstwhile ...
, India. Payyanur is the first municipality in Kerala to establish libraries in all its wards. On 10 March 2018, Kerala Chief Minister
Pinarayi Vijayan Pinarayi Vijayan (; born 24 May 1945) is an Indian politician who has served as the List of chief ministers of Kerala, Chief Minister of Kerala since 25 May 2016. A member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of India (Marxist), politburo ...
inaugurated Payyanur as the fifth taluk in the district. Payyanur taluk comprises 22 villages including 16 de-linked from the
Taliparamba taluk Taliparamba taluk is one of the five taluks in Kannur district in the state of Kerala, India. It borders Payyanur taluk in the north, Kannur taluk and Thalassery taluk in the south and Iritty taluk in the east. It is a revenue division for t ...
and six from the Kannur taluk. The town is situated on the banks of the Perumba River.


Location

Payyanur is located 36 km North of District HQ
Kannur Kannur (), formerly known in English as Cannanore, is a city and Municipal corporation (India), municipal corporation in the state of Kerala, India. It is the administrative headquarters of the Kannur district and situated north of the maj ...
city, 501 km away from State capital
Thiruvananthapuram Thiruvananthapuram ( ), also known as Trivandrum, is the Capital city, capital city of the Indian state of Kerala. As of 2011, the Thiruvananthapuram Municipal Corporation had a population of 957,730 over an area of 214.86 sq. km, making it the ...
city, 301 km North of
Ernakulam Ernakulam () is the central business district of the city of Kochi, Kerala, India. It is the namesake of Ernakulam district. The eastern part of Kochi city is mainly known as Ernakulam, while the western part of it after the Venduruthy Bridge ...
city, 126 km North of
Kozhikode Kozhikode (), also known as Calicut, is a city along the Malabar Coast in the state of Kerala in India. Known as the City of Spices, Kozhikode is listed among the City of Literature, UNESCO's Cities of Literature. It is the nineteenth large ...
city, 56 km South of
Kasaragod Kasaragod () is a municipal town and the administrative headquarters of the Kasaragod district in the state of Kerala, India. Established in 1966, Kasaragod was the first municipal town in the district. It is the northernmost district of Kera ...
town and 112 km away from
Mangalore Mangaluru (), formerly called Mangalore ( ), is a major industrial port city in the Indian state of Karnataka and on the west coast of India. It is located between the Laccadive Sea and the Western Ghats about west of Bengaluru, the st ...
city. The town lies by the side of three rivers - Perumba River, Punnakka river (Payyanur river) and Kavvayi river (Thattar river).


Demographics

As of 2011 census, Payyanur had a population of 72,111, with males constituting 46% of the population and females 54%. Payyanur has an average literacy rate of 94.08%. This is higher than the state average of 94.00%. Male literacy is 97.02%, and female literacy is 91.60%. In Payyanur, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age.


Etymology

''Payyan'' is an appellation of the Hindu deity
Kartikeya Kartikeya (/Sanskrit phonology, kɑɾt̪ɪkejə/; ), also known as Skanda (Sanskrit phonology, /skən̪d̪ə/), Subrahmanya (/Sanskrit phonology, sʊbɾəɦməɲjə/, /ɕʊ-/), Shanmukha (Sanskrit phonology, /ɕɑnmʊkʰə/) and Murugan ...
and ''ooru'' means town or place. Thus ''Payyanur'' means the ''land of Lord Kartikeya'' derived from the presence of the Sri Subramany Swamy temple here. During the
Renaissance era The Renaissance ( , ) is a Periodization, period of history and a European cultural movement covering the 15th and 16th centuries. It marked the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and was characterized by an effort to revive and sur ...
, Payyanur was known to English sailors as Delyn, named after the nearby hill of Ezhimala.


Geography

Payyanur is located at coordinates . It has an average elevation of 16 metres (51 feet).


History

Payyanur is one of several extant ancient civilized places in Kerala. The northern town of
Kerala Kerala ( , ) is a States and union territories of India, state on the Malabar Coast of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, following the passage of the States Reorganisation Act, by combining Malayalam-speaking regions of the erstwhile ...
claims a rich recorded history. The archaeological remains excavated from Payyanur and nearby places prove the existence of a city in this area centuries ago. The earliest known mention of this town is in the
Brahmanda Purana The ''Brahmanda Purana'' () is a Sanskrit text and one of the eighteen major Puranas, a genre of Hindu texts. It is listed as the eighteenth Maha-Purana in almost all the anthologies. The text is also referred in medieval Indian literature as th ...
, when Garga Muni talks about this place to the
Pandava The Pandavas (Sanskrit: पाण्डव, aɳɖɐʋᵊ IAST: Pāṇḍava) is a group name referring to the five legendary brothers, Yudhishtira, Bhima, Arjuna, Nakula, and Sahadeva, who are central figures of the Hindu epic ''Mahabhara ...
s during their exile. Several notable travelers have described this area in their writings.
Ibn Battuta Ibn Battuta (; 24 February 13041368/1369), was a Maghrebi traveller, explorer and scholar. Over a period of 30 years from 1325 to 1354, he visited much of Africa, the Middle East, Asia and the Iberian Peninsula. Near the end of his life, Ibn ...
visited Ezhimala in AD 1342 and wrote about the large seaport and the Chinese ships anchored here. Abul Fida in AD 1273,
Marco Polo Marco Polo (; ; ; 8 January 1324) was a Republic of Venice, Venetian merchant, explorer and writer who travelled through Asia along the Silk Road between 1271 and 1295. His travels are recorded in ''The Travels of Marco Polo'' (also known a ...
in AD 1293, the
Italian Italian(s) may refer to: * Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries ** Italians, a Romance ethnic group related to or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom ** Italian language, a Romance languag ...
explorer
Niccolò de' Conti Niccolò is an Italian male given name, derived from the Greek Nikolaos meaning "Victor of people" or "People's champion". There are several male variations of the name: Nicolò, Niccolò, Nicolas, and Nicola. The female equivalent is Nicole (name), ...
in the 15th century and the Portuguese scholar and traveler Barbosa all visited this place and gave extensive accounts of Ezhimala port, which was then known as "Heli". The scholar and author
Hermann Gundert Hermann Gundert (Stuttgart, 4 February 1814 – 25 April 1893) was a German missionary, scholar, and linguist, as well as the maternal grandfather of German novelist and Nobel laureate Hermann Hesse. Gundert is chiefly known for his contribu ...
and William Logan, the Malabar District Collector during the British Colonial rule, who wrote Malabar Manual, also visited Payyanur and studied the rich heritage of the area. Centuries back, Payyanur was a part of the Ezhimala/Mushika/Kolathiri Kingdom.Book named Mushikavamsha written by Atula mention this place. King Nandan was well known as a great warrior and ruler. The books written during the
Sangam period The Sangam literature ( Tamil: சங்க இலக்கியம், ''caṅka ilakkiyam''), historically known as 'the poetry of the noble ones' ( Tamil: சான்றோர் செய்யுள், ''Cāṉṟōr ceyyuḷ''), connote ...
describe the area and King. Ezhimala was also under the rule of the Cheras. A famous ruler there was Pazhassi Raja. Payyanur Pattu, the ballad written by an unknown person belonging to the
Chettiar Chettiar (also spelt as Chetti and Chetty) is a title used by many traders, weaving, agricultural and land-owning castes in South India, especially in the Indian states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka. Etymology Chettiar/Chetty is deri ...
community sometime during the 13th or 14th century, was set here.


Evolution of Payyanur

In the past, the city of Kachil Patanam (presently Kavvayi) was the main town due to the proximity of waterways through Kavvayi River and its large seaport. It was both the administrative and business center during that time. According to historians, the ships from China and other countries used to visit this port and were anchored in the nearby river Changoorichal. Kavvayi retained its position during the rule of
British East India Company The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company that was founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874. It was formed to Indian Ocean trade, trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with the East Indies (South A ...
also. They established the first
Magistrate The term magistrate is used in a variety of systems of governments and laws to refer to a civilian officer who administers the law. In ancient Rome, a '' magistratus'' was one of the highest ranking government officers, and possessed both judi ...
's court and Registrar's Office in Kavvayi. Later, Kokkanisseri became the city center. The main road, which starts from Perumba in the east, up to old post office in the west and Kunhimangalam Mana in the south to government hospital in the north is called Kokkanisseri. The south of this town was called Payyanur village and the north of Kokkanisseri is called Moorikkovval village. The business center was called Kokkanisseri Bazaar. Later, the name ''Payyanur'' became common and thus the developed city of today came into existence. During the regime of the Kolathiri Dynasty, Payyanur was a part of Kolathu Nadu, ruled by the Kolathiri Rajas based in Chirakkal near Kannur. During
British rule The British Raj ( ; from Hindustani , 'reign', 'rule' or 'government') was the colonial rule of the British Crown on the Indian subcontinent, * * lasting from 1858 to 1947. * * It is also called Crown rule in India, * * * * or dire ...
, Payyanur was considered as a "farka" which in turn is a part of the Chirakkal Taluk. Until the formation of Kerala State in 1957, Payyanur remained in the
Malabar District Malabar District, also known as British Malabar or simply Malabar was an administrative district on the southwestern Malabar Coast of Bombay Presidency (1792–1800), Madras Presidency (1800–1950) and finally, Madras State (1950–1956) in ...
of the
Madras State Madras State was a state in the Indian Republic, which was in existence during the mid-20th century as a successor to the Madras Presidency of British India. The state came into existence on 26 January 1950 when the Constitution of India was ad ...
.


Education

Colleges in Payyanur * Swami Anandatheertha Campus, Payyanur * Ampere Institute of Engineering and Private ITI. * Sree Narayana Guru College of Engineering & Technology. * Payyannur College, Edat. * Gurudev Arts & Science College, Mathil * College of Engineering and Technology, Payyanur
Govt. Residential women's polytechnic college Payyanur.
* Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit Regional Centre, Payyanur * AWH- al-badar special college Payyanur. Department of psychology


Administration

Payyanur Taluk is one among the five taluks in Kannur district which has administration over 22 villages. Payyanur Municipality is divided into 44 wards covering an area of for which the elections are held every five years. The current ruling party is
CPI(M) The Communist Party of India (Marxist) (abbreviated as CPI(M)) is a communist political party in India. It is the largest communist party in India in terms of membership and electoral seats, and one of the six national parties of India. ...
. Payyanur Assembly constituency is part of Kasaragod Loksabha constituency. The current Payyanur MLA is T. I. Madhusoodanan.


Law and Order

The municipality comes under the jurisdiction of Payyanur police station, established on 13 January 1881 during British raj. Payyanur is also headquarters of one among the four sub divisions in Kannur rural police district formed on 18.02.2021. It is situated about 500 m west of National Highway 66. The sub division has jurisdiction over five police stations and one control room viz Payyanur,
Pazhayangadi Pazhayangadi (Also called Payangadi), is a small township, approximately north of district headquarters Kannur, south of Payyanur and west of Taliparamba in the India, Indian state of Kerala. In the local language of Malayalam it literally ...
, Pariyaram medical college, Peringome and Cherupuzha.
Indian Naval Academy The Indian Naval Academy (INA or INA Ezhimala) is the Defense (military), defence service training establishment for officer cadre of the Indian Navy and the Indian Coast Guard, located in Ezhimala, Kannur district, Kerala. Situated between Ez ...
at Ezhimala and Central Reserve Police Force Training Camp near Peringome, Pariyaram Govt Medical college and Govt Ayurveda Medical college are situated in Payyanur subdivdison limit. Court complexes in Payyanur * Sub Court, Payyanur * Munsiff Court, Payyanur * Judicial First Class Magistrate Court, Payyanur


Transportation

The National Highway 66 passes through Perumba junction.
Goa Goa (; ; ) is a state on the southwestern coast of India within the Konkan region, geographically separated from the Deccan highlands by the Western Ghats. It is bound by the Indian states of Maharashtra to the north, and Karnataka to the ...
and
Mumbai Mumbai ( ; ), also known as Bombay ( ; its official name until 1995), is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra. Mumbai is the financial capital and the most populous city proper of India with an estimated population of 12 ...
can be accessed on the northern side and
Cochin Kochi ( , ), formerly known as Cochin ( ), is a major port city along the Malabar Coast of India bordering the Laccadive Sea. It is part of the district of Ernakulam in the state of Kerala. The city is also commonly referred to as Ernaku ...
and
Thiruvananthapuram Thiruvananthapuram ( ), also known as Trivandrum, is the Capital city, capital city of the Indian state of Kerala. As of 2011, the Thiruvananthapuram Municipal Corporation had a population of 957,730 over an area of 214.86 sq. km, making it the ...
can be accessed on the southern side. National Highway 66 is given node for construction of 6 lane road on Payyanur and other stretches of Kerala. Payyanur has several private and KSRTC buses plying places inside and outside the district. Payyanur is well-connected to its suburbs through several bus services. Payyanur town has three bus terminals — KSRTC Bus terminal, Payyanur on NH-66 road, Old Bus Stand, Payyanur and New Bus Stand, Payyanur on the Main road, Payyanur.
Payyanur Payyanur (), is a municipal town and a taluk, a sub-district administrative unit, in the Kannur district of Kerala, India. Payyanur is the first municipality in Kerala to establish libraries in all its wards. On 10 March 2018, Kerala Chief Min ...
is one of the major station that lies in the Shoranur-Mangalore Section of Southern Railway and comes under A category stations under Palakkad division. The station has 3 platforms and 4 tracks. The nearest Airport
Kannur Kannur (), formerly known in English as Cannanore, is a city and Municipal corporation (India), municipal corporation in the state of Kerala, India. It is the administrative headquarters of the Kannur district and situated north of the maj ...
is away and
Mangalore Mangaluru (), formerly called Mangalore ( ), is a major industrial port city in the Indian state of Karnataka and on the west coast of India. It is located between the Laccadive Sea and the Western Ghats about west of Bengaluru, the st ...
of away.


Social Service

Orator and freedom fighter KP Kunhirama Poduval, who founded Sanjayan Smaraka Grandhalayam at Annur (Sanjayan Memorial Library), is from here. Kelappan Service Center (perhaps the only institution built in memory of K Kelappan, also known as "Kerala Gandhi") and Payyanur Co-operative Stores are among a number of social organizations in the area.


Culture

Theyyam Theyyam is a Hindu religious ritual practised in the North Malabar Region of Kerala and some parts of Karnataka. Theyyam is a ritual performance involving extended chanting of mantras and ceremonial preparations that typically span 8 to 10 hou ...
and religious festivals (Kaliyattam) of various temples attract people to Payyanur. Poorakkali and Kolkali are the major traditional dance ritual performances. Architect Kunhimangalam Narayanan, dancer Vannadil Pudiyaveettil Dhananjayan, and the Sanskrit scholar E. Sreedharan are all from the area. The native place of legendary
Kathakali ''Kathakali'' (International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration, IAST: Kathakaḷi ) is a traditional form of Indian Classical Dance, and one of the most complex forms of Theatre of India, Indian theatre. It is a play of verses. These vers ...
master
Kalamandalam Krishnan Nair Kalamandalam Krishnan Nair (27 March 1914 – 15 August 1990) was a Kathakali dancer from Kerala in India. Life He is a recipient of Padma Shri, Sangeet Natak Akademi Award, Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award, and Kerala Sangeetha Nat ...
is not far from this town. Kandoth in Payyanur is famous for pottery. The weaver's streets of various villages around Payyanur contribute to the fame of the handlooms of Kannur.


Pavithra Mothiram

Payyanur Pavithram, or Pavithra Mothiram is a particular ring worn during performing Vedic or holy rituals or during the "pithrubali" (ceremony performed for the well-being of the ancestors or departed souls) in the Hindu tradition. The traditional Pavitram is usually made of dharba grass. The formation of Payyanur Pavitram is closely related to Payyanur Sree Subrahmanya Swami Temple.


Notable people


Film and Media

*
Ganapathi S Poduval Ganapathi S. Poduval (born 15 March 1995) is an Indian actor who works in the Malayalam film industry. He is well-known for his roles as child artist in the films '' Vinodayathra'' (2007) and '' Pranchiyettan & The Saint'' (2010)''.'' He also ...
, Film actor * Unnikrishnan Namboothiri, Film actor * Chidambaram S. Poduval, Film director * Deepak Parambol, Film actor * Abhiram Radhakrishnan, Film actor * KU Mohanan, Cinematographer *
Kaithapram Damodaran Namboothiri Kaithapram Damodaran Namboothiri, popularly known as Kaithapram, is a Malayalam lyricist, poet, music director, actor, singer, screenwriter, music therapist and performer of Carnatic music. He debuted with the movie Ennennum Kannettante in 19 ...
, Lyricist * Kaithapram Viswanathan Namboothiri, Music director * VP Krishnakumar, Award-winning sound engineer * Malavika Mohanan, Film actress * Parvathy Nambiar, Film actress * Subeesh Sudhi, Film actor * Mohan Kupleri, Film director * Anaswara Rajan, Film actress * Ratheesh Balakrishnan Poduval, Film director * Anuraj Manohar, Film director


Politics & Law

* VP Appukutta Poduval, Freedom fighter * PV Kunhikrishnan, Judge of Kerala High Court * KC Venugopal, Indian politician


Scientist

* VP Balagangadharan, Space scientist * P Kunhikrishnan,
ISRO The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO ) is India's national space agency, headquartered in Bengaluru, Karnataka. It serves as the principal research and development arm of the Department of Space (DoS), overseen by the Prime Minister o ...
Scientist


Others

* CV Balakrishnan, Writer * Satheesh Babu Payyannur, Writer * Dhananjayans, Classical dancers- Padma awardee *
Sahal Abdul Samad Sahal Abdul Samad (born 1 April 1997) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Indian Super League club Mohun Bagan and the India national team. Club career Early life and youth career Sahal was born in Al Ain, UAE ...
, Professional footballer *
Felix Bast Felix Bast, born as V. M. Sreejith Nambissan (വടക്കേ മഠം ശ്രീജിത്ത് നമ്പീശൻ), is an Indian phycologist, author, and public educator based at the Central University of Punjab. He is the member ...
, Phycocologist


See also

* Kavvayi Island, 3 km from Payyannur *Annur Sree Mahavishnu Temple * Kandamkulangara * Kandankali * Valiyaparamba Backwaters, 15 km from Payyannur *
Indian Naval Academy The Indian Naval Academy (INA or INA Ezhimala) is the Defense (military), defence service training establishment for officer cadre of the Indian Navy and the Indian Coast Guard, located in Ezhimala, Kannur district, Kerala. Situated between Ez ...
, 5 km from Payyannur Railway Station * Ezhimala, 12 km from Payyannur Town *
Mangalore Mangaluru (), formerly called Mangalore ( ), is a major industrial port city in the Indian state of Karnataka and on the west coast of India. It is located between the Laccadive Sea and the Western Ghats about west of Bengaluru, the st ...
city, Karnataka.114 km from Payyannur Town * Kunhimangalam village, 8 km from Payyannur town * Payyannur railway station


References

{{Authority control Cities and towns in Kannur district