Opel Vectra

The Opel Vectra is a mid-size car (large family car) that was engineered and produced by the German automaker Opel from 1988 until 2010. Available in saloon, hatchback and estate (from model year 1997 onwards) body styles, the Vectra was also sold by the Vauxhall marque in the United Kingdom as the Vauxhall Cavalier from 1988 to 1995 and then as the Vauxhall Vectra from 1995 to 2008, and it was also sold by Holden in Australia as the Holden Vectra, by Chevrolet in Latin America as the Chevrolet Vectra.

The Vectra was introduced in October 1988 as a replacement for the Opel Ascona, and was itself replaced in November 2008 by the new Opel Insignia, the nameplate spanning three generations and almost twenty-one years.

Vectra A (1988–1995)

The first generation Vectra, known as the Vectra A, was introduced in October 1988 for the 1989 model year, as a four-door notchback saloon, replacing the Opel Ascona C. A five-door hatchback version arrived in March 1989, and a coupé based on the Vectra, called the Calibra, was introduced in the end of that year. Both cars were designed by Wayne Cherry, Opel’s design chief at the time. The Vectra name was coined by Manfred Gotta.

Vauxhall Motors, the British GM subsidiary that shared most of its models with Opel, did not use the "Vectra" model name - opting instead to continue the use of the Cavalier nameplate - effectively making the Vectra A a third-generation Cavalier when carrying Vauxhall branding. It was not until the introduction of the Vectra B into the United Kingdom in October 1995 that the Cavalier name was retired in favour of Vectra. However, left hand drive Opel Vectras were produced at Vauxhall's Luton plant for export to other European countries.''European Motor Business''
Issues 24-27, Economist Intelligence Unit, 1991, page 102

The 1989 Vectra came in Base, LS, GL, GLS, CD, and GT models, its sister model was the third-generation Cavalier. Engines ranged initially from a 1.4 L to a 2.0 L Family II. The top-of-the-line Vectra 2000 16V arrived in September 1989. Its sixteen valve version of the 2.0 L engine produces and was only available with the sedan bodywork, with available four-wheel drive.

The sixteen-valve engine also appeared in GT (GSi in some markets) models after the facelift, now mainly as a hatchback. Two four-wheel drive versions were added to the lineup in January 1989, with either of the 2-litre engines, and in September 1992 the car received a limited edition turbocharged version with . In , the 4x4 turbo version of the Vectra was used as the Safety Car in Formula One.

Most notably, it was deployed at the San Marino Grand Prix.

The 1.4-litre engine was not available in all markets, and even then, it was generally only available in basic trims (Base/L in United Kingdom, LS/GL in Europe). In markets as Italy, where smaller engines were favored by the taxation system, a better equipped 1.4 GLS was also offered. With the introduction of Euro I emissions regulations, the carburetted 1.4 L engine was replaced by a fuel injected 1.6 L engine with the same output for most markets.

A 2.5 L V6 engine appeared towards the later stages of the Vectra's life, developing 170 PS (125 kW), turning the car into a relaxed motorway cruiser rather than giving it sporty pretensions. There were a choice of two diesel engines; one was an Isuzu 1.7 L 4EE1 inline-four unit, in both naturally aspirated and turbocharged form (1686 cc), this one capable of achieving , and an Opel designed 1.7 "low blow" turbodiesel (1699 cc), and naturally aspirated diesel unit, delivering .

The front suspension was fully independent, with MacPherson struts, pressed steel lower control arms, and an anti-roll bar. The front suspension, together with the major mechanicals (engine and transmission) is remotely mounted on a front subframe. On front wheel drive models, the rear suspension is semi independent, consisting of a torsion beam linked to trailing arms, with double conical coil springs and direct acting telescopic hydraulic shock absorbers, with certain models also having an anti roll bar.

On the four wheel drive GSi, 4x4 and Turbo models, the rear suspension is a subframe mounted fully independent design, with semi trailing arms, double conical coil springs, direct acting gas assisted telescopic shock absorbers, and an anti roll bar. Steering gear is a rack and pinion-type (manual or power assisted, depending on model), mounted on the bulkhead (firewall), with a telescopically deformable steering column.

Facelift (1992)

The Vectra also received a refresh in September 1992. The range received new front grilles and a black plastic strip above the rear taillamps, along with an upgrade to the structure for improved crashworthiness. Airbags became available onwards from 1993.

1994 Opel Vectra hatchback 1.6i (51238557630) (2).jpg, Hatchback (facelift)
1995 Opel Vectra 1.8i GLS (cropped).jpg, Saloon (facelift)
Opel Vectra 1.8i Hatchback (2).jpg, Hatchback (facelift)

In New Zealand, the Vectra A was offered initially as an Opel between 1989 and 1994, but it wore Holden badges between 1994 and 1996 until the introduction of the Vectra B. It was not sold in Australia, where Holden instead offered a rebadged Toyota Camry called Apollo until 1997. In Japan, the Vectra (and Omega) were the first Opels to be distributed by Isuzu Motors Ltd. rather than long standing importer Toho Motors (東邦モーターズ), beginning in July 1989.

In Egypt, the Opel Vectra A was not introduced until 1994 through GM Egypt dealerships, and started production in the end of 1994 by GM Egypt through the beginning of 1996, with a range of 1.6 GL, 2.0 GL trim and 2.0 GLS trim and only Saloon body style boosting strong sales during this short run. This was similar to the Opel Kadett.

Chevrolet Vectra (Brazil)

In Brazil, the Chevrolet badged Vectra A was not introduced until 1993, when it replaced the top versions of Chevrolet Monza, a restyled version of the Ascona C. The first Brazilian model had two engine options: 2.0 8 valve, for the GLS and CD versions and the 2.0 16 valve with 150 hp imported from Germany, the later only available for the GSI version. The assembly of the Vectra A goes until 1996, when the Vectra B was launched. Its production was made from CKD.

1992 Vauxhall Cavalier Automatic 1.6.jpg, Vauxhall Cavalier (pre-facelift)
1995 Holden Vectra 2.0 GLS.jpg, Holden Vectra (facelift)

Engines

Vectra B (1995–2002)

The second model, the Vectra B, was introduced in October 1995 for the 1996 model year, at the Frankfurt Motor Show, and the model range came to include an estate version for the first time. This model replaced the Vauxhall Cavalier in the United Kingdom. The five-door estate version premiered in September 1996, with the tagline ‘One step ahead of the Mob’.

The Vauxhall badged Vectra B was the last Vauxhall to be produced at the company's Luton plant, where the end of automobile production was announced in December 2000, taking effect just over a year later. Car production at the site finished in March 2002, although production of commercial vehicles continued.

Engines started from the 1.6 L, Family 1 but eventually the 8-valve engines were all replaced by 16-valve powerplants. The 2.0 L Family II engine, with was developed as a basis for touring car racing (later in Australia, 2.2 L 108 kW), but the top of the line was a 2.5 L V6 with .

Diesel power came once again from Isuzu, with 1.7 liters and , also a 2.0 L Ecotec with either and 2.2 L Ecotec with . In 2001, the all new 2.2 L petrol engine, as carried over to the Vectra C, was introduced with the 2.5 L petrol in its last incarnation being upgraded to a 2.6 L to accommodate emissions improvements. In April 1999, the Vectra was updated, receiving a mildly modified body (that can be identified by the single piece headlight units and body coloured bumpers) together with somewhat improved handling and better equipment.

Sporting limited edition models included the touring car championship inspired i500, ST200, Super Touring and GSi. The first model was developed in Germany by Opel Motorsport, with the V6 engine's power increased to .

The ST200 was a limited run car development and built by MSD in Milton Keynes with upgrades over the GSI including AP Racing 4 Pot Calipers and 325mm discs, AP Racing Suretrac LSD, lower final drive, KONI suspension, Speedline wheels and Recaro seat. Power was increased to . Only 38 ST200s were produced.

The ST200 was based on the GSI which was also developed by MSD.

The Supertouring was a limited edition trim level based on the Vectra SRi. It was available in only three colours - white, black or red. Two engines were offered - the 2.0 16v with or the 2.5 V6, with an Irmscher sports exhaust system and white 16-inch alloys and GSi front bumpers.

Only 3,900 2.5 GSi models were ever produced, mostly in saloon and hatchback guise. With only 317 estate versions produced during this time, they became one of the rarest production Vauxhalls ever.

On the 2001 and 2002 model years, a last of the line 2.6 GSi was made also but these were limited to five hundred cars. These were again mostly saloons and hatchbacks, however 37 estates were made. These end of production models received a host of upgrades, including Xenon headlamps and larger front brakes.

In October 2013, '' Top Gear'' magazine placed the 1995 Vectra on its list of ''The 13 Worst Cars Of The Last 20 Years'', describing the car as "so mediocre that Jeremy Clarkson refused to drive it."

Production of the Vectra B ended in March 2002.

International production

;Egypt
In Egypt, the production of the Opel Vectra B commenced during 1996 with two models, initially in GLS trim with a 1.6-litre, 8v engine and a manual transmission, or in CD trim with a 8-valve, 2.0-litre with automatic transmission.

Later in 2000, the revised model was produced with three models: 1.6 (8v) GLS with manual transmission, later replaced by the 1.6 16v GLS trim with automatic transmission, 2.0 16v CD with automatic transmission, and a 2.0 CDX trim (also automatic). Only the saloon body style was offered. In 2002, local production of the Opel Vectra ceased in favour of the Corsa saloon and Astra saloon.

;North America
A related model sold in North America was the Saturn L-Series, introduced in 2000, but dropped from the line up in 2005. It was replaced by the 2007 Saturn Aura, which was built around GM's Epsilon architecture, shared with the Vectra C.

;South America
The release of the second generation of the Chevrolet Vectra happened at the same time that the IndyCar series in Brazil, GM made a deal to use the Vectra as a Medical and Safety car for the race. The Vectra B came with the already available 2.0 8-valve engine with on the GL and GLS versions and a national version of the previously 2.0 16 valve with for the CD version.

In 1998, GM introduced a new, torquier 2.2-litre 8 valve engine with for the GL and GLS, and a 16 valve version of the same with and for the CD version.

A facelift was done for the 2000 models, just like the European version. Production ran until 2005, when it was replaced by the new generation Vectra, based on the Opel Astra H Sedan. The Vectra was only offered in a 4-door saloon body in both generations (A & B).

File:2001 Vauxhall Vectra Club 1.8 Front.jpg, Vauxhall Vectra (United Kingdom)
File:2002 Holden Vectra (JS II) CD 2.2 hatchback (22543845464).jpg, Holden Vectra (Australia and New Zealand)
File:Chevrolet Vectra 1.8 2000 (11013228653) (cropped).jpg, Chevrolet Vectra (South America)

Vectra C (2002–2010)

Built on the new GM Epsilon platform, the Opel Vectra C, released in March 2002 for the 2003 model year was initially available as a four-door notchback saloon and a five-door hatchback, known as the GTS. A five-door estate was added in October 2003. The Vectra C's official debut was at the 2002 Geneva Motor Show.

Originally, the Vectra C was due to début with the Saab 9-3 in October 2001, at the Frankfurt Motor Show, but in July 2001, it was announced that delays had forced General Motors to postpone the introduction. The hatchback version premiered in September 2002. The four door notchback saloon version of the Vectra C almost resembled a two-box four door fastback saloon. While the earlier Cavalier and Vectras had been built at the company's Luton plant, the second generation Vauxhall Vectra was built at the Ellesmere Port plant from the introduction. Pilot production at Ellesmere Port started in late 2001.

The Vectra C was first seen in November 1999, in a copy of ''Auto Express''. At the Frankfurt Motor Show in October 2003, the estate version premièred, which had a slightly longer wheelbase than the hatchback and saloon versions. Sharing the wheelbase of the estate, an "executive hatchback" sold under the Opel/Vauxhall Signum nameplate. The Signum, which was based partly on the Vectra C, featured a completely different layout in the rear.

The engine range was substantially modified to account for the increased curb weight of the Vectra C. The 1.8 litre '' Family 1 Ecotec'' engine was reserved for the base model, with the main petrol engine for the Vectra C, making up the vast bulk of production, being the Ecotec 2.2 litre chain driven unit producing ; along with a new range topping 3.2 litre ''54-Degree'' V6, with . From June to July 2002, Ed Harris starred in adverts for the Vauxhall Vectra in the United Kingdom. Pierluigi Collina also starred in adverts across Europe for the Vectra, as well as the Signum, in the end of 2005.

In 2003, a 2.0 litre turbocharged ''Ecotec'' engine with was also notionally offered. Being a main engine for another GM brand, Saab, it was only ever sold in small numbers in the Vectra. The 2.2 litre was upgraded in 2004, with the 'Direct' name added to the model line, indicating the new high pressure direct injection update that increased power output to with improved emissions.

Diesel power, which had become important for commercial success in Europe, was provided by CDTI 1.9, 2.0 and 2.2 engines, with a top of the range Isuzu sourced 3.0 litre ''DMAX'' V6 outputting .

In October 2004, the four cylinder diesel engine was replaced with a Fiat designed 1.9 litre Ecotec CDTI engine capable of producing in 8v form and in 16v form. Handling was reported to be much better than the previous Vectra.

The Vectra C received a facelift in September 2005, with the début at the Frankfurt Motor Show, and it retained a similar line of engines. However, the power of the 3.0 diesel was increased to , and the petrol 3.2 litre V6 engine was replaced by an Australian built turbocharged 2.8 litre '' High Feature'' V6 unit. This Saab co-developed motor could produce . Opel installed the twin scroll turbo engine in its Signum productline with output.

The version was available for the Vectra later in 2006. Opel also introduced – for the first time – an OPC version of the Vectra, using the VXR name in the United Kingdom. These high performance variants were only available as hatchbacks and estates. In the United Kingdom the power of the ''High Feature'' V6 engine was increased to , giving a maximum speed approaching 250 km/h (155 mph).

Production of the Vectra C and Signum ended in July 2008.

Overseas markets and rebadges

;Australia and New Zealand

The Vectra C was branded as the Holden Vectra in Australia and New Zealand. Between 1998 and 2001, Holden in Australia assembled the Vectra for export to other RHD markets in the region, with a view to exporting 60 per cent of output, although this was adversely affected by the Asian economic crisis.

Locally designated the ''ZC'' series and launched in March 2003, the Vectra C was only available as a sedan and hatchback. Holden did not offer the Vectra C estate due to the presence of the Astra and later Holden Viva (Daewoo Lacetti) estates. The Vectra was dropped and replaced by the Holden Epica, a badge engineered Daewoo Tosca early in 2007.

Due to stockpiling of Vectras from 2005 for the market in Australasia, there was enough supply of the car for deliveries to last through to 2007. As a result, facelifted Vectra Cs were not sold in those markets. In 2008, the Vectra OPC was available with either six speed manual or six speed automatic transmission (Previous Vectra OPC had manual gearbox only). The 2.8L DOHC V6 turbo engine could generate .

;United Kingdom

Sales of the Vectra C in the United Kingdom were not as strong as those of its predecessors. For much of its production life, the original Vectra was the fourth best selling car in the country, but the Vectra C never came higher than tenth in the country's car sales charts, though within its own market sector it held on to second place, behind the Ford Mondeo.

In 2007, it finally made the Top 10 of Britain's car sales charts, being the nation's tenth most popular new car with over 50,000 sales, outselling the Ford Mondeo for the first time since 1999. Also, in January 2007, the estate variant was awarded ''Estate Car of the Year 2007'', by ''What Car?'' magazine.

;South America

While the Vectra C was sold in Mexico and Chile as the Chevrolet Vectra, it was not marketed in Brazil, where Chevrolet opted to sell the Astra H under the Vectra brand from 2006 to 2011. Both local spec cars were powered by the FlexPower SOHC engine originally introduced in 1982 in the Chevrolet Monza.

;Ireland

In Ireland, the Vectra C was produced until February 2010.

File:2003 Vauxhall Vectra Active 1.8.jpg, Vauxhall Vectra (pre-facelift, United Kingdom)
File:2007 Vauxhall Vectra Exclusive CDTi 150 Automatic 2.0 Front.jpg, Vauxhall Vectra (facelift, United Kingdom)
File:2006 Vauxhall Vectra VXR 2.8.jpg, Vauxhall Vectra VXR (United Kingdom)
File:2003 Holden Vectra (ZC MY03) CD hatchback (2016-01-04) 01 (cropped).jpg, Holden Vectra (Australia and New Zealand)
File:Chevrolet Vectra C pre facelift.jpg, Chevrolet Vectra (pre-facelift, South America)
File:Chevrolet Vectra 2.2 Elegance 2007 (13929776740).jpg, Chevrolet Vectra (facelift, South America)

Chevrolet Vectra D (2009–2012)

The Chevrolet Vectra D is the rebadged Opel Insignia available only in the Chilean market. It is a very rare model of Chevrolet in Chile, with not many found. In June 2013, it was renamed the Opel Insignia along with a facelift, as the Chevrolet brand was being phased out in that market. In February 2017, Opel was sold to the PSA Group.

Motorsport

Vauxhall Vectra Challenge

From 1997 to 1999, a one-make series for the Vectra B ran in the UK as the Vauxhall Vectra SRI V6 Challenge.

A novelty of the series was the Celebrity Car. In 1997, this was driven by drivers such as Tiff Needell at Brands Hatch and Louise Aitken-Walker at Knockhill.

In 1998 and 1999, the series was a support event for the British Touring Car Championship. Many drivers to compete in this series would go on to race or had previously raced in the BTCC.

The LPG Vectra

The series was one of the first to experiment with alternative fuels in UK Motorsport with Mark Ticehurst driving a Liquified Petroleum Gas-powered entry in the 1999 Season. Ticehurst scored four wins in the car and would have been Champion had he been eligible for points. There were plans for Ticehurst to move up to the BTCC with this car for the 2000 Season but this never materialised.

Touring Car Racing

The Vectra was used in several touring car racing series.

In the 1990s and the early 2000s the Vectra B Super Touring took part in the British Touring Car Championship, the Asia-Pacific Touring Car Championship, the German Super Tourenwagen Cup, the Australian Super Touring Championship, the Japanese Touring Car Championship, the Italian Superturismo Championship, the French Supertouring Championship and the Swedish Touring Car Championship.

Uwe Alzen was third in Super Tourenwagen Cup in 1997 and 1998, and second in 1999; John Henderson was runner up in the 2000 Australian Super Touring Championship; John Cleland was British Touring Car Champion in 1995 and finished third in 1992 and fourth in 1993 and 1994; Yvan Muller was sixth in the 1999 British Touring Car Championship and fourth in 2000; and Nicklas Karlsson was third in the 2002 Swedish Touring Car Championship.

The BTC Touring Vectra

A prototype Vectra C was built to the BTC Touring specifications in 2003 by Triple Eight Race Engineering, with the view to using it in the 2004 BTCC, but it was never raced, despite being shown publicly at the 2004 Birmingham Motor Show as the 'Vectra Diesel Concept'. The car got as far as a test at Albacete but proved less competitive than the Astra Coupe. The car appeared at the Autosport International Show in January 2007, disguised as the Super 2000 version that would make its BTCC debut that year.

The Super 2000 Vectra

After being replaced by the Astra H in the British Touring Car Championship, the Vectra C was introduced in 2007. Fabrizio Giovanardi was champion in 2007 and 2008. VX Racing competed in the season of 2009, with three Vectras, driven by Giovanardi, Matt Neal and Andrew Jordan.

Silhouette Racing

The Vectra has been used as a silhouette racing car: in the Stock Car Brasil in 2000 to 2003 (it was the champion for four seasons) and 2009, in the Argentine Top Race V6 since 2005 ( Guillermo Ortelli was 2005 champion), and in the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters in 2004 and 2005, with little success.

The Vectra Safety Car

In 1994, a Vectra A was the official Formula 1 safety car during the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix driven by Max Angelelli at the time and was in front of Ayrton Senna for 5 laps before he crashed into Tamburello on lap 7.

References

External links

www.vauxhall.co.uk
– Vauxhall UK

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