The Nitrospirota are a
phylum
In biology, a phylum (; : phyla) is a level of classification, or taxonomic rank, that is below Kingdom (biology), kingdom and above Class (biology), class. Traditionally, in botany the term division (taxonomy), division has been used instead ...
of
bacteria
Bacteria (; : bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one Cell (biology), biological cell. They constitute a large domain (biology), domain of Prokaryote, prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micr ...
. They include multiple genera such as ''
Nitrospira
''Nitrospira'' (from Latin: nitro, meaning "nitrate" and Greek: spira, meaning "spiral") is a genus of bacteria within the monophyletic clade of the Nitrospirota phylum. The first member of this genus was described 1986 by Watson et al., isola ...
'', the largest.
History of knowledge
The first member of this phylum, ''
Nitrospira marina
''Nitrospira'' (from Latin: nitro, meaning "nitrate" and Greek: spira, meaning "spiral") is a genus of bacteria within the monophyletic clade of the Nitrospirota phylum. The first member of this genus was described 1986 by Watson et al., isola ...
'', was discovered in 1985. The second member, ''
Nitrospira moscoviensis
''Nitrospira moscoviensis'' was the second bacterium classified under the most diverse nitrite-oxidizing bacteria phylum, ''Nitrospirae''. It is a gram-negative, non-motile, facultative lithoauthotropic bacterium that was discovered in Moscow, R ...
'', was discovered in 1995.
''
Nitrospira inopinata
''Nitrospira inopinata'' is a bacterium from the phylum Nitrospirota. This phylum contains nitrite-oxidizing bacteria playing role in nitrification. However ''N. inopinata'' was shown to perform complete ammonia oxidation to nitrate thus being th ...
'' was discovered in 2015
and cultivated in 2017.
Metabolism
Nitrospirota contains
nitrifying taxa which oxidize nitrite to nitrate (nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, NOB) and
commamox bacteria: ''
Nitrospira inopinata
''Nitrospira inopinata'' is a bacterium from the phylum Nitrospirota. This phylum contains nitrite-oxidizing bacteria playing role in nitrification. However ''N. inopinata'' was shown to perform complete ammonia oxidation to nitrate thus being th ...
''.
''
Dissulfurispira thermophila'' (
Thermodesulfovibrionia) grows by
disproportionation
In chemistry, disproportionation, sometimes called dismutation, is a redox reaction in which one compound of intermediate oxidation state converts to two compounds, one of higher and one of lower oxidation state. The reverse of disproportionatio ...
of thiosulfate or elemental sulfur.
Phylogeny
Taxonomy
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the
List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature
List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) is an online database that maintains information on the naming and taxonomy of prokaryotes, following the taxonomy requirements and rulings of the International Code of Nomenclatu ...
(LSPN)
and the
National Center for Biotechnology Information
The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). It is approved and funded by the government of the United States. The NCBI is lo ...
(NCBI).
* Genus ?"''Candidatus''
Magnetomicrobium"
Zhang et al. 2021
* Genus ?"''Candidatus''
Thermomagnetovibrio"
Lefèvre et al. 2010
* Class
Nitrospiria
The Nitrospirota are a phylum of bacteria. They include multiple genera such as ''Nitrospira'', the largest.
History of knowledge
The first member of this phylum, ''Nitrospira marina'', was discovered in 1985. The second member, ''Nitrospira ...
Garrity & Holt 2022
** Order
Nitrospirales
The Nitrospirota are a phylum of bacteria. They include multiple genera such as '' Nitrospira'', the largest.
History of knowledge
The first member of this phylum, '' Nitrospira marina'', was discovered in 1985. The second member, ''Nitrospir ...
Garrity & Holt 2022
*** Family
Nitrospiraceae
The Nitrospirota are a phylum of bacteria. They include multiple genera such as ''Nitrospira'', the largest.
History of knowledge
The first member of this phylum, '' Nitrospira marina'', was discovered in 1985. The second member, ''Nitrospira ...
Garrity & Holt 2022
**** Genus ?"''Candidatus''
Nitronereus"
Mueller et al. 2023
**** Genus ?"''Candidatus''
Nitrosymbion"
Glasl et al. 2024
**** Genus ?"''Candidatus''
Porinitrospira"
Taylor et al. 2022
**** Genus ''
Nitrospira
''Nitrospira'' (from Latin: nitro, meaning "nitrate" and Greek: spira, meaning "spiral") is a genus of bacteria within the monophyletic clade of the Nitrospirota phylum. The first member of this genus was described 1986 by Watson et al., isola ...
''
Watson et al. 1986
** Order "
Troglogloeales"
Yu et al. 2022
*** Genus ?"''Candidatus''
Troglogloea"
corrig. Kostanjsek et al. 2013
*** Family "
Manganitrophaceae"
Yu et al. 2022
**** Genus "''Candidatus''
Manganitrophus"
Yu & Leadbetter 2020
* Class
Thermodesulfovibrionia Umezawa et al. 2021
** Order "
Mariimomonadales"
Yoon et al. 2023
*** Family "
Mariimomonadaceae"
Yoon et al. 2023
**** Genus ?"''Ca.''
Mariimomonas Yoon et al. 2023
** Order
Thermodesulfovibrionales Umezawa et al. 2023
*** Family "
Sulfobiaceae"
Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 BA6898**** Genus "''Candidatus''
Sulfobium"
Zecchin et al. 2018
*** Family
Thermodesulfovibrionaceae Umezawa et al. 2021
**** Genus ''
Thermodesulfovibrio''
Henry et al. 1994 emend. Sekiguchi et al. 2008
*** Family
Dissulfurispiraceae Umezawa et al. 2021
**** Genus ''
Dissulfurispira''
Umezawa et al. 2021
**** Genus "''Candidatus''
Nitrobium"
Arshad et al. 2017
*** Family "
Magnetobacteriaceae"
Chuvochina et al. 2023
**** Genus "''Candidatus''
Magnetobacterium"
Spring et al. 1993
**** Genus "''Candidatus''
Magnetocorallium"
Zhao et al. 2023
**** Genus "''Candidatus''
Magnetominusculus"
Lin et al. 2017
**** Genus ?"''Candidatus''
Magnetovum"
corrig. Lefevre et al. 2011
See also
*
Comammox Comammox (COMplete AMMonia OXidation) is the name attributed to an organism that can convert ammonia into nitrite and then into nitrate through the process of nitrification. Nitrification has traditionally been thought to be a two-step process, wher ...
*
Nitrate
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion with the chemical formula . salt (chemistry), Salts containing this ion are called nitrates. Nitrates are common components of fertilizers and explosives. Almost all inorganic nitrates are solubility, soluble in wa ...
*
Nitrite
The nitrite polyatomic ion, ion has the chemical formula . Nitrite (mostly sodium nitrite) is widely used throughout chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The nitrite anion is a pervasive intermediate in the nitrogen cycle in nature. The name ...
*
Nitrogen cycle
The nitrogen cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into multiple chemical forms as it circulates among atmosphere, atmospheric, terrestrial ecosystem, terrestrial, and marine ecosystems. The conversion of nitrogen can ...
*
Nitrobacter
''Nitrobacter'' is a genus comprising rod-shaped, gram-negative, and chemoautotrophic bacteria. The name ''Nitrobacter'' derives from the Latin neuter gender noun ''nitrum, nitri'', alkalis; the Ancient Greek noun βακτηρία, βακτηρ ...
*
Nitrobacteraceae
The Nitrobacteraceae are a family of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria. They include plant-associated bacteria such as ''Bradyrhizobium'', a genus of rhizobia associated with some legumes. It also contains animal-associated bacteria such as '' Afi ...
*
Nitrosomonas
''Nitrosomonas'' is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the class Betaproteobacteria. It is one of the five genera of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and, as an obligate chemolithoautotroph, uses ammonia (NH3) as an energy source and c ...
*
Nitrospira
''Nitrospira'' (from Latin: nitro, meaning "nitrate" and Greek: spira, meaning "spiral") is a genus of bacteria within the monophyletic clade of the Nitrospirota phylum. The first member of this genus was described 1986 by Watson et al., isola ...
*
List of bacterial orders
This article lists the orders of the Bacteria. The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
and the phylogeny is based on 16 ...
*
List of bacteria genera
This article lists the genera of the bacteria
Bacteria (; : bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one Cell (biology), biological cell. They constitute a large domain (biology), domain of Prokaryote, ...
References
Further reading
*
External links
*
Bacteria phyla
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