Entomophthoromycota is a division of kingdom

fungi A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one ...

. In 2007, it was placed at the

taxonomic rank In biology, taxonomic rank (which some authors prefer to call nomenclatural rank because ranking is part of nomenclature rather than taxonomy proper, according to some definitions of these terms) is the relative or absolute level of a group of or ...

subphylum In zoological nomenclature, a subphylum is a taxonomic rank below the rank of phylum. The taxonomic rank of " subdivision" in fungi and plant taxonomy is equivalent to "subphylum" in zoological taxonomy. Some plant taxonomists have also used th ...

in the most recent revision of the entire fungus kingdom. In 2012, it was raised to the rank of

phylum In biology, a phylum (; : phyla) is a level of classification, or taxonomic rank, that is below Kingdom (biology), kingdom and above Class (biology), class. Traditionally, in botany the term division (taxonomy), division has been used instead ...

as "Entomophthoromycota" in a

scientific paper Scientific literature encompasses a vast body of academic papers that spans various disciplines within the natural and social sciences. It primarily consists of academic papers that present original empirical research and theoretical ...

by Richard A. Humber 2012. Divided into three classes and six

families Family (from ) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictability, structure, and safety as ...

(

Ancylistaceae The ''Ancylistaceae'' are a family (biology), family of fungi in the order Entomophthorales. The family currently contains the genera: ''Ancylistes (fungus), Ancylistes'', ''Macrobiotophthora'', ''Conidiobolus''. ''Capillidium'' was added in 2020 ...

, Basidiobolaceae, Completoriaceae, Entomophthoraceae, Meristacraceae, and Neozygitaceae), it contains over 250 species that are mostly

arthropod Arthropods ( ) are invertebrates in the phylum Arthropoda. They possess an arthropod exoskeleton, exoskeleton with a cuticle made of chitin, often Mineralization (biology), mineralised with calcium carbonate, a body with differentiated (Metam ...

pathogens or soil- and

litter Litter consists of waste products that have been discarded incorrectly, without consent, at an unsuitable location. The waste is objects, often man-made, such as aluminum cans, paper cups, food wrappers, cardboard boxes or plastic bottles, but ...

-borne saprobes.

Taxonomy

Circumscribed by mycologist Richard Humber in 2012, it contains species formerly

classified Classified may refer to: General *Classified information, material that a government body deems to be sensitive *Classified advertising or "classifieds" Music *Classified (rapper) (born 1977), Canadian rapper * The Classified, a 1980s American ro ...

in the division

Zygomycota Zygomycota, or zygote fungi, is a former phylum, division or phylum of the kingdom Fungi. The members are now part of two Phylum, phyla: the Mucoromycota and Zoopagomycotina, Zoopagomycota. Approximately 1060 species are known. They are mostly t ...

. Humber's reorganization divides the division into three classes while retaining the previously defined

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

structure: Division Entomophthoromycota Humber 2012 ntomophthoromycotina Humber 2007:Class Neozygitomycetes Humber 2012 ::Order Neozygitales Humber 2012 :::Family Neozygitaceae Ben Ze’ev, Kenneth & Uziel 1987 :::::'' Apterivorax'' Keller 2005 :::::'' Neozygites'' Witlaczil 1885 'Thaxterosporium'' Ben Ze'ev & Kenneth 1987">Thaxterosporium.html" ;"title="'Thaxterosporium">'Thaxterosporium'' Ben Ze'ev & Kenneth 1987:Class Entomophthoromycetes Humber 2012 [Entomomycetidae Cavalier-Smith 1998 em. 2012] ::Order Entomophthorales Winter 1880 [Ancylistales Schröter] :::Family

Schröter 1893 :::::'' Ancyclistes'' Pfitzer 1872 :::::'' Conidiobolus'' Brefeld 1884 emend. Humber 1989 'Conidiobolus'' (''Capillidium'') Ben-Ze’ev & Kenneth 1982; ''Conidiobolus'' (''Conidiobolus'') (Brefeld) Ben-Ze’ev & Kenneth 1982; ''Conidiobolus'' (''Delacroixia'') (Sacc. & Syd.) Tyrrell & MacLeod 1972] :::::''Macrobiotophthora'' Reukauf 1912 emend. Tucker 1981 :::Family Completoriaceae Humber 1989 :::::'' Completoria'' Lohde 1874 :::Family Entomophthoraceae Nowakowski 1877 mpusaceaae::::Subfamily Erynioideae Keller 2005 assosporoideae Keller 2005:::::'' Erynia'' (Nowakowski ex Batko 1966) Remaud. & Hennebert 1980.emend. Humber 1989 'Zoophthora'' (''Erynia'') Nowakowski ex Batko 1966:::::'' Eryniopsis'' Humber 1984 (in part) :::::'' Furia'' (Batko 1966) Humber 2005 'Zoophthora'' (''Furia'') Batko 1966; ''Erynia'' (''Furia'') (Batko 1966) Li & Humber 1984:::::'' Orthomyces'' Steinkraus, Humber & Oliver 1988 :::::''

Pandora In Greek mythology, Pandora was the first human woman created by Hephaestus on the instructions of Zeus. As Hesiod related it, each god cooperated by giving her unique gifts. Her other name—inscribed against her figure on a white-ground '' ky ...

'' Humber 2005 'Erynia'' (''Neopandora'') Ben-Ze’ev & Kenneth 1982">Neopandora.html" ;"title="'Erynia'' (''Neopandora">'Erynia'' (''Neopandora'') Ben-Ze’ev & Kenneth 1982:::::''Strongwellsea'' Batko & Weiser 1965 emend. Humber 1976 :::::''Zoophthora'' Batko 1964 emend. Ben-Ze’ev & Kenneth 2005 ::::Subfamily Entomophthoroideae Keller 2005 :::::'' Batkoa'' Humber 2005 :::::'' Entomophaga'' Batko 1964 emend. Humber 1989 :::::'' Entomophthora'' Fresenius 1856 'Empusa'' (''Triplosporium'') Thaxter 1888; ''Triplosporium'' (Thaxter 1888) Batko 1964] :::::'' Eryniopsis'' Humber 1984 (in part) :::::''Massospora'' Peck 1879 emend. Soper 1974 :::Family Meristacraceae Humber 1989 ::::'' Meristacrum'' Drechsler 1940 emend. Tucker & Humber 1981 (syn ''Tabanomyces'' Couch et al.) Genera that have an uncertain status or have been excluded from the Entomophthoromycota include '' Ballocephala'', '' Tarichium'', and '' Zygnemomyces''.
Synonyms from "Part 1- Virae, Prokarya, Protists, Fungi". ''Ballocephala'' and ''Zygnemomyces'' were transferred to

Mucoromycota Mucoromycotina is a subphylum of uncertain placement in Fungi. It was considered part of the phylum Zygomycota, but recent phylogenetic studies have shown that it was polyphyletic and thus split into several groups, it is now thought to be a para ...

division. Basidiobolomycetes was transferred to Basidiobolomycota.

Description

Species in the Entomophthoromycota generally share several characteristics. Their vegetative cells are coenocytic;

sporulation In biology, a spore is a unit of sexual (in fungi) or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavourable conditions. Spores form part of the life cycles of many plant ...

occurs by production of forcibly discharged dispersive or infective

conidia A conidium ( ; : conidia), sometimes termed an asexual chlamydospore or chlamydoconidium (: chlamydoconidia), is an asexual, non- motile spore of a fungus. The word ''conidium'' comes from the Ancient Greek word for dust, ('). They are also ...

; and their

zygospore A zygospore is a diploid reproductive stage in the life cycle of many fungi and protists. Zygospores are created by the nuclear fusion of haploid cells. In fungi, zygospores are formed in zygosporangia after the fusion of specialized budding stru ...

s (which also function as

resting spore A resting spore is a resistant cell, adapted to survive adverse environmental conditions. Resting spore is a term commonly applied to both diatoms and fungi. In fungi and oomycetes A resting spore can be a spore created by fungi which is thickly ...

s) are

homothallic In fungi and algae, homothallism refers to the condition in which a single individual or thallus carries the genetic determinants (i.e., both mating types or sexes) required to undergo sexual reproduction without the need for a distinct mating partn ...

References

Fungus phyla Fungi by classification Zygomycota {{entomophthorales-stub