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Entomophthoraceae
Entomophthoraceae is a family of fungi in the order Entomophthorales. This has been supported by molecular phylogenetic analysis (Gryganskyi et al. 2012).Gryganskyi AP, Humber RA, Smith ME et al (2012) Molecular phylogeny of the Entomophthoromycota. Mol Phylogenet Evol 65:682–694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.07.026 Most species in the family are obligately entomopathogenic. There are two subfamilies, Erynioideae and Entomophthoroideae, which were proposed in 2005. Genera *''Batkoa'' – 10 spp. *''Entomophaga'' – 22 spp. *''Entomophthora'' – 63 spp. *'' Erynia'' – 27 spp. *''Eryniopsis'' – 5 spp. *'' Furia'' – 16 spp. *''Massospora'' – 5 spp. *'' Orthomyces'' – 1 sp. *''Pandora'' Humber 2005 - 31 spp. *''Strongwellsea'' – 8 spp. *''Tarichium'' – 26 spp. *''Zoophthora ''Zoophthora'' is a genus of fungi in the family Entomophthoraceae. Like other taxa in this family, ''Zoophthora'' species cause disease in insects and as such are consider ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pandora (fungus)
''Pandora'' is a genus of fungi within the order Entomophthorales of the Zygomycota. This has been supported by molecular phylogenetic analysis (Gryganskyi et al. 2012). It was initially formed by Polish mycologist Andrzej Batko (1933-1997), as a subgenus of ''Zoophthora''.Batko, A. 1966. Acta Mycologica, 2, 15-21. Then American mycologist Richard A. Humber raised it to the genus level. The genus name of ''Pandora'' is derived from the Latin word ''pando'' which means “to become curved” or “to sag” and the generic suffix “ra” thus describing conidia, which are often with weakly outlined bilateral symmetry. They are on one side (abdominal) slightly flattened and on the opposite (dorsal) side, more convex, on the third (lateral) side, they are somewhat curved towards the abdominal side and slightly asymmetrical. It has a cosmopolitan distribution. It is best known by its representative ''Pandora neoaphidis'', which acts as an obligate pathogen in various species of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tarichium
''Tarichium'' is a genus of fungi within the order Entomophthorales of the Zygomycota. This has been supported by molecular phylogenetic analysis (Gryganskyi et al. 2012). History The fungus ''Tarichium'' was originally described in 1870 by German botanist Ferdinand Julius Cohn (1828-1898), when he discovered the fungus ''Tarichium megaspermum'' within the infested larvae of the turnip moth (''Agrotis segetum'' ).Use of Entomopathogenic Fungi in Biological Pest Management, 2007: 1-11, ISBN: 978-81-308-0192-6 Editors: Sunday Ekesi and Nguya K. Maniania, 1 Naming names: The etymology of fungal entomopathogens by Fernando E. Vega The fungus turns the hosts skin turns black, coal-black pigment is found in the blood, later the caterpillar or larvae becomes wrinkled and brittle-like a mummy. Sir Norman Lockyer (Editor) Later after the fungus had killed the insect-host. Inside the host-body, the fungus left a finely granular mass consisting of large amounts of thick-walled spores, which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Massospora
''Massospora'' is a genus of fungi in the Entomophthoraceae family, within the order Entomophthorales of the Zygomycota. This has been supported by molecular phylogenetic analysis (Gryganskyi et al. 2012). It includes more than a dozen obligate, sexually transmissible pathogenic species that infect (and kill) adult gregarious cicadas (Hemiptera) worldwide. At least two species are known to produce psychoactive compounds during infection. Named in 1879 by the American botanist Charles Horton Peck (1833-1917). The genus name of ''Massospora'' was derived from two words in the Greek, ''masso'' which means 'to grind' and ''spora'' for 'spore'. This then describes the complete disintegration of the host-insect’s internal tissues eventually leading to a (described by the author as); “pulverulent mass of spores within” that can be seen after the terminal parts of the abdomen fall off. Species As accepted by Species Fungorum; * '' Massospora carinetae'' * '' Massospora c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zoophthora
''Zoophthora'' is a genus of fungi in the family Entomophthoraceae. Like other taxa in this family, ''Zoophthora'' species cause disease in insects and as such are considered entomopathogenic fungi. Like most entomopathogenic fungal taxa, ''Zoophthora'' has been studied largely in the context of biological control of insect pest species. However, recent research indicates that many fungal taxa that have historically been considered entomopathogenic (e.g., ''Zoophthora'') may serve diverse ecological roles as free-living members of the rhizosphere, as endophytes of plant tissue, and as saprobes. History The genus ''Zoophthora'' was first formally described by Batko in 1964; however, in 1966 Batko divided ''Zoophthora'' into four sub-genera. In 1989 Humber promoted Batko's four sub-genera to a single genus: ''Zoophthora''. Recent systematic research has yielded support for the monophyly of ''Zoophthora'', as well as its distinctness at the generic level. Life cycle ''Zoophth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erynia (fungus)
''Erynia'' is a genus of fungi within the family of Entomophthoraceae and order Entomophthorales of the Zygomycota. This has been supported by molecular phylogenetic analysis (Gryganskyi et al. 2012). The genus name of ''Erynia'' was originally named by the Polish scientist Leon Nowakowski in 1881. It was named after the Greek mythological creatures known as the Erinyes or as the Romans called them, the ''Furies'', who were described as spirits that claimed vengeance against a crime. It could be classed as an insect pest feeding on a plant, being a specific crime for which the fungus would kill the insect, thus exacting vengeance. Distribution It has a cosmopolitan distribution (scattered worldwide). Including Switzerland. Hosts Species ''Erynia conica'' infects two types of mosquitos; ''Aedes aegypti'' and '' Culex restuans''. Species As accepted by Species Fungorum; *'' Erynia aquatica'' *''Erynia chironomi'' *''Erynia cicadellis'' *''Erynia conica'' *''Erynia curvisp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Entomophthora
''Entomophthora'' is a fungal genus in the family Entomophthoraceae. Species in this genus are parasitic on flies and other two-winged insects. The genus was circumscribed by German physician Johann Baptist Georg Wolfgang Fresenius (1808-1866) in 1856.Fresenius, G. 1856. Botanische Zeitung 14, 882-883. This fungus is parasitic and undergoes a number of stages within its life cycle, these include; infection, incubation, sporulation and mummification. Within each stage, this pathogen invades the host’s body cells, utilising the insect’s nutrients allowing it to take control over the brain just before the host’s death. Entomophthora reproduces asexually through both budding and spores. When in the host’s body, the pathogen utilises budding as a form of growth. This is done through a fungi cell developing a bud (daughter cell) on the parent cell. The parent cell then replicates its DNA and provides the daughter cell with this DNA. The daughter cell is then able to detach ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Strongwellsea
''Strongwellsea'' is a genus of fungi within the order Entomophthorales of the Zygomycota. They are known to infect insects. Infected adult dipteran hosts (flies from Anthomyiidae, Fanniidae, Muscidae, and Scathophagidae orders) develop a large hole in their abdomens, through which conidia (spores) are then actively discharged while the hosts are still alive. While most fungi spore once the host is dead, with the ''Strongwellsea'' fungus, the flying host continues to live for days and also socialising with other flies while the fungus consumes its genitals, fat reserves, reproductive organs and then finally its muscle. As it continues to emit thousands of spores on to other individuals and hosts. Then the host fly dies. The method of keeping the host alive while still releasing spores is called active host transmission (AHT). The fungi spores are almost shaped like torpedoes and are designed for going fast (through the air). If they land on another fly host, they stick to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eryniopsis
''Eryniopsis'' is a genus of fungi within the family of Entomophthoraceae and order Entomophthorales of the Zygomycota. This has been supported by molecular phylogenetic analysis (Gryganskyi et al. 2012). The genus was circumscribed by American mycologist Richard A. Humber in 1984, and the name of ''Eryniopsis'' was derived from its similarity to members of the fungal genus '' Erynia'', and also combined with the Greek word which means "aspect" or "appearance". The genus of ''Eryniopsis'' was initially created in 1984, based on ''Eryniopsis lampyridarum'', for species with primary conidia that are multi-nucleate (ca 4–12 nu-clei), unitunicate (having one wall in the ascus) and elongate (rather than globose (rounded) or pyriform (pear-shaped)). They are produced on simple to dichotomously branched conidiophores, and actively ejected (Humber 1984). This genus originally contained three species; ''Eryniopsis lampyridarum'', ''Eryniopsis longispora'' and ''Eryniopsis carolinian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Furia (fungus)
''Furia'' is a genus of fungi within the family of Entomophthoraceae of the Zygomycota. This has been supported by molecular phylogenetic analysis (Gryganskyi et al. 2012). Originally created in 1966 by Polish mycologist Andrzej Batko (1933-1997), as a subgenus of ''Zoophthora'', The genus name of ''Furia'' is derived from the Latin ''furia'' - this is due to stress the destructive effect of the epizootic of this type species of the subgenus in populations of Lepidoptera caterpillars. American mycologist Richard A. Humber raised ''Furia'' to the generic level. Distribution It has been recorded being found mainly in America and Europe (especially in Great Britain) also Spain,H.R. Engelmann (J. Cramer, Editor) with a few sparse discoveries world wide, such as Mexico, and Brazil. In Poland and Austria, and a few other parts of Europe, the presence of the fungus ''Furia shandongensi'' has been found on earwigs. Species notes ''Furia ithacensis'' is a species of the pathog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Entomophthorales
The Entomophthorales are an order of fungi that were previously classified in the class Zygomycetes. A new subdivision, Entomophthoromycotina, has recently been circumscribed for them. Most species of the Entomophthorales are pathogens of insects. A few attack nematodes, mites, and tardigrades, and some (particularly species of the genus ''Conidiobolus'') are free-living saprotrophs. The name Entomophthorales is derived from the Ancient Greek for insect destroyer ('' entomo-'' = referring to insects, and '' phthor'' = "destruction"). Highlighted species * '' Basidiobolus ranarum'', a commensal fungus of frogs and a mammal pathogen * '' Conidiobolus coronatus'', a saprotrophic fungus of leaf litter and a mammal pathogen * ''Entomophaga maimaiga'', a biocontrol agent of spongy moths * ''Entomophthora muscae'', a pathogen of houseflies * ''Massospora'' spp., pathogens of periodical cicadas * ''Pandora'', including ''Pandora neoaphidis'', an obligate pathogen of aphids Biol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Batkoa
''Batkoa'' is a genus of fungi within the family of Entomophthoraceae and order Entomophthorales of the Zygomycota. This has been supported by molecular phylogenetic analysis (Gryganskyi et al. 2012). The genus name of ''Batkoa'' is named by the American mycologist Richard A. Humber in 1989 to honor the Polish mycologist Andrzej Batko (1933-1997). The presence of rhizoids and having globose (rounded) rather than pear-shaped conidia helps identify ''Batkoa'' species from ''Entomophaga'' species.N. Amaresan, M. Senthil Kumar, K. Annapurna, Krishna Kumar and N. Sankaranaryanan (Editors) Description The Hyphal bodies are elongated and walled (but not proto-plastic). The condiphores are simple with narrow 'neck' between the condium and condiogenous cell. The primary condia are globose and round, multi-nucleate, discharged by papillar eversion. The rhizoids (if present) are thicker than the vegetative hypae, with terminal discoid holdfast. The resting spores bud laterally from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Entomophaga (fungus)
''Entomophaga'' is a genus of entomopathogenic fungi in the Entomophthoraceae family and also the order Entomophthorales. This has been supported by molecular phylogenetic analysis (Gryganskyi et al. 2012).Gryganskyi AP, Humber RA, Smith ME et al (2012) Molecular phylogeny of the Entomophthoromycota. Mol Phylogenet Evol 65:682–694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.07.026 Well-known species are ''Entomophaga grylli'' and ''Entomophaga maimaiga'', which can infect grasshoppers and gypsy moths respectively. The genus name of ''Entomophaga'' was derived from combining two words in the Greek, ''entomon'' means ''insect'' and ''phaga'' means ''to eat''. The genus was created in 1964 by the Polish mycologist Andrzej Batko (1933 - 1997). He wrote “... to commemorate the international journal Entomophaga devoted to problems of biological control of insect pests.”Batko, A. 1964. Bull. Acad. Pol. Sci., Série des sciences biologiques 12, 323-326 The journal later ceased publicat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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