In art, neorealism refers to a few movements.

In literature

Portuguese neorealism was a Marxist literary movement that began slightly before Salazar's reign. It was mostly in line with socialist realism. In Italy, neorealism was a movement that emerged in the end of 1920s and started rapidly developing after World War II. It was represented by such authors as Alberto Moravia, Ignazio Silone, Elio Vittorini,

Carlo Levi Carlo Levi () (29 November 1902 – 4 January 1975) was an Italian painter, writer, activist, Independent Left (Italy), independent leftist politician, and doctor. He is best known for his book ''Christ Stopped at Eboli (novel), Cristo si è fe ...

, Vasco Pratolini and others.

In painting

Neo-realism in painting was established by the ex- Camden Town Group painters Charles Ginner and Harold Gilman at the beginning of

World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

. They set out to explore the spirit of their age through the shapes and colours of daily life. Their intentions were proclaimed in Ginner's manifesto in ''New Age'' (1 January 1914), which was also used as the preface to Gilman and Ginner's two-man exhibition of that year. It attacked the academic and warned against the ‘decorative’ aspect of imitators of Post-Impressionism. The best examples of neorealist work is that produced by these two artists; Howard Kanovitz and also Robert Bevan. For Robert Bevan he joined Cumberland Market Group in 1914.

Artists

* Howard Kanovitz - Vernissage, 1967 - Cologne, Museum Ludwig *

Chuck Close Charles Thomas Close (July 5, 1940 – August 19, 2021) was an American painter, visual artist, and photographer who made massive-scale photorealism, photorealist and abstract portraits of himself and others. Close also created photo portraits ...

- Linda 1975/76 Akron (OH), Akron Art Museum * Stanley Spencer - Seated Nude, 1942

In cinema

Neorealism is characterized by a general atmosphere of authenticity. André Bazin, a French film theorist and critic, argued that neorealism portrays: truth, naturalness, authenticity, and is a cinema of duration. The necessary characteristics of neo-realism in film include:Bondanella, Peter. ''La Strada,'' Rutgers Films in Print Series. Rutgers University Press: 1987, page 3-4. . * a definite social context; * a sense of historical actuality and immediacy; * political commitment to progressive social change; * authentic on-location shooting as opposed to the artificial studio; * a rejection of classical Hollywood acting styles; extensive use of non-professional actors as much as possible; * a documentary style of cinematography.

Films

Precursors *'' Land Without Bread'' (1933,

Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...

) *'' 1860'' (1934,

Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...

) * '' An Inn in Tokyo'' (1935,

Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...

) * '' Toni'' (1935,

France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...

) * '' Aniki-Bóbó'' (1942,

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. Featuring Cabo da Roca, the westernmost point in continental Europe, Portugal borders Spain to its north and east, with which it share ...

) * '' People of the Mountains'' (1942,

Hungary Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and ...

) * '' Ossessione'' (1943, Italy) * '' Saltimbancos'' (1951,

) Italian * '' Roma, città aperta'' (1945) * '' Shoeshine (Sciuscià)'' (1946) * '' Paisà'' (1946) * '' Germania anno zero'' (1948) * '' Bicycle Thieves (Ladri di biciclette)'' (1948) * '' La terra trema'' (1948) * '' Bitter Rice'' (1949) * '' Stromboli'' (1950) * '' Miracle in Milan'' (1951) * '' Umberto D.'' (1952) * '' La strada'' (1954) * ''

Rocco and His Brothers ''Rocco and His Brothers'' () is a 1960 drama film directed by Luchino Visconti and starring Alain Delon, Annie Girardot, Renato Salvatori, Katina Paxinou, Roger Hanin, Paolo Stoppa, and Claudia Cardinale in one of her early roles. Set in 1 ...

'' (1960) * '' Il Posto'' (1961) Other countries * '' Lowly City'' (1946,

India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...

) * '' Drunken Angel'' (1948,

) * '' Stray Dog'' (1949, Japan) * '' Los Olvidados'' (1950, Mexico) * '' Surcos'' (1951,

) * '' Ikiru'' (1952, Japan) * '' Nagarik'' (1952, India) * '' Tokyo Story'' (1953, Japan) * '' Two Acres of Land'' (1953, India) * '' Salt of the Earth'' (1954,

United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...

) * '' Newspaper Boy'' (1955, India) * '' The Apu Trilogy'' (1955–1959, India) *'' Death of a Cyclist'' (1955, Spain) * '' Cairo Station'' (1958,

Egypt Egypt ( , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the Northeast Africa, northeast corner of Africa and Western Asia, southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to northe ...

) * '' The Runaway'' (1958, India) * '' The 400 Blows'' (1959,

) * '' The Beginning and the End'' (1960,

) *'' Los golfos'' (1960, Spain) * '' Nothing But a Man'' (1964, United States) * '' Jeanne Dielman, 23 Quai du Commerce, 1080 Bruxelles'' (1975, Belgium) * '' Killer of Sheep'' (1978, United States) * '' Pixote'' (1981,

Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...

) * '' The Stolen Children'' (1982,

) * '' Yol'' (1982,

Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...

) * '' Salaam Bombay!'' (1988, India) * '' Veronico Cruz'' (1988,

Argentina Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourt ...

) * '' American Me'' (1992, United States) * '' Children of Heaven'' (1997, Iran) * ''

Satya (Sanskrit: ; IAST: ) is a Sanskrit word that can be translated as "truth" or "essence.“ In Indian religions, it refers to a kind of virtue found across them. This virtue most commonly refers to being truthful in one's thoughts, speech and act ...

'' (1998, India) * '' The City (La Ciudad)'' (1998, United States) * '' Not One Less'' (1999,

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

) * '' Rosetta'' (1999, France) * '' The Circle (Dayereh)'' (2000, Iran) * '' Amores perros'' (2000,

Mexico Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundar ...

) * ''

Bolivia Bolivia, officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia, is a landlocked country located in central South America. The country features diverse geography, including vast Amazonian plains, tropical lowlands, mountains, the Gran Chaco Province, w ...

'' (2001, Argentina) * '' Lilja 4-Ever'' (2002, Sweden) * '' Cidade de Deus'' (2002, Brazil) * '' Carandiru'' (2003, Brazil / Argentina) * '' Familia rodante'' (2004, Argentina, ''et al.'') * '' Machuca'' (2004, Chile) * '' The Death of Mr. Lazarescu'' (2005, Romania) * '' L'Enfant'' (2005, Belgium / France) * '' Man Push Cart'' (2005, United States) * '' Half Nelson'' (2006, United States) * ''

Still Life A still life (: still lifes) is a work of art depicting mostly wikt:inanimate, inanimate subject matter, typically commonplace objects which are either natural (food, flowers, dead animals, plants, rocks, shells, etc.) or artificiality, human-m ...

'' (2006, China) * '' 4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days'' (2007, Romania) * '' Chop Shop'' (2007, United States) * '' Ballast'' (2008, United States) * '' Frozen River'' (2008, United States) * '' Involuntary'' (2008, Sweden) * '' Lorna's Silence'' (2008, Belgium) * '' Wendy and Lucy'' (2008, United States) * '' Fish Tank'' (2009, Great Britain) * '' Goodbye Solo'' (2009, United States) * '' Sin Nombre'' (2009, United States / Mexico) * '' Treeless Mountain'' (2009, United States / South Korea) * '' Winter's Bone'' (2010, United States) * '' 0-41*'' (2016, India) * '' En el séptimo día'' (2017, United States)

References

External links

Neorealism
at the

Internet Movie Database IMDb, historically known as the Internet Movie Database, is an online database of information related to films, television series, podcasts, home videos, video games, and streaming content online – including cast, production crew and biograp ...

. {{Authority control Movements in cinema Social realism