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''Neolamprologus'' is a 
Description of ''Neolamprologus timidus'', new species, and review of ''N. furcifer'' from Lake Tanganyika (Teleostei: Cichlidae).
''Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 24 (4)
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* (1994): Mitochondrial phylogeny of the Lamprologini, the major substrate spawning lineage of cichild fishes from Lake Tanganyika in eastern Africa. '' Mol. Biol. Evol.'' 11(4): 691-703
PDF fulltext
{{Taxonbar, from=Q132743 Lamprologini * Cichlid genera
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of cichlid
Cichlids ()
are a large, diverse, and widespread family of percomorph fish in the family Cichlidae, order Cichliformes. At least 1,760 species have been scientifically described, making it one of the largest vertebrate families, with on ...
s endemic
Endemism is the state of a species being found only in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also foun ...
to eastern Africa with all but one species, '' Neolamprologus devosi'' from the Malagarasi River
The Malagarasi River is a river in western Tanzania, flowing through Kigoma Region, although one of its tributaries comes from southeastern Burundi. The river also forms the western border of Tabora Region, the southern border of Kagera Region and ...
, occurring in Lake Tanganyika
Lake Tanganyika ( ; ) is an African Great Lakes, African Great Lake. It is the world's List of lakes by volume, second-largest freshwater lake by volume and the List of lakes by depth, second deepest, in both cases after Lake Baikal in Siberia. ...
. It is the largest genus of cichlids in Lake Tanganyika and also the largest genus in the tribe Lamprologini
Lamprologini is a tribe of African cichlid fishes. It contains seven genera and nearly 100 species. Over half of the species in this tribe are in the large genus ''Neolamprologus''. Most genera in the tribe are endemic to Lake Tanganyika, but on ...
, which includes ''Altolamprologus
''Altolamprologus'' is a small genus of pseudocrenilabrine cichlids endemic to Lake Tanganyika in eastern Africa. They inhabit areas of the lake with large amounts of rock, most frequently in water two to ten metres in depth. Two formally descri ...
'', ''Chalinochromis
''Chalinochromis'' is a small cichlid genus from the subfamily Pseudocrenilabrinae. These ray-finned fishes are endemic to Lake Tanganyika in the East African Rift. The scientific name refers to the bridle-like markings across the heads of member ...
'', ''Julidochromis
''Julidochromis'' is a genus of cichlids in the subfamily Pseudocrenilabrinae. They are commonly called julies and are endemic to Lake Tanganyika in eastern Africa. This genus includes six formally described species, some with a number local v ...
'', ''Lamprologus
''Lamprologus'' is a genus of fishes from the cichlid family. They are native to Lake Tanganyika (where several species are shell dwellers) and the Congo River Basin in Africa. The type species for this genus is ''Lamprologus congoensis'', a spe ...
'', ''Lepidiolamprologus
''Lepidiolamprologus'' is a small genus of cichlids endemic to Lake Tanganyika in eastern Africa. It is closely related to ''Altolamprologus.'' and there is the possibility that a revision of the genus could see more species added.
The placement ...
'', ''Telmatochromis
__NOTOC__
''Telmatochromis'' is a small cichlid genus of the subfamily Pseudocrenilabrinae. These ray-finned fishes are endemic to the Lake Tanganyika basin (mostly in the lake itself, but also its outflow river Lukuga) in Africa.
Systematics
A ...
'' and '' Variabilichromis''. The latter is a monotypic
In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unisp ...
genus doubtfully distinct from ''Neolamprologus''.
It is already known for some time that according to mtDNA
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA and mDNA) is the DNA located in the mitochondria organelles in a eukaryotic cell that converts chemical energy from food into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondrial DNA is a small portion of the DNA contained in ...
sequence
In mathematics, a sequence is an enumerated collection of objects in which repetitions are allowed and order matters. Like a set, it contains members (also called ''elements'', or ''terms''). The number of elements (possibly infinite) is cal ...
analysis, this genus is very probably polyphyletic
A polyphyletic group is an assemblage that includes organisms with mixed evolutionary origin but does not include their most recent common ancestor. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as Homoplasy, homoplasies ...
. It is likely that it will be revised eventually; if ''Variabilichromis'' is split off, at least some of the more ancient lineages currently placed in ''Neolamprologus'' are probably worthy of separation also. However, the morphological similarity and numerous undescribed species
In taxonomy, an undescribed taxon is a taxon (for example, a species) that has been discovered, but not yet formally described and named. The various Nomenclature Codes specify the requirements for a new taxon to be validly described and named. U ...
do not make analyses easier, and as with many cichlids, recent speciation
Speciation is the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species. The biologist Orator F. Cook coined the term in 1906 for cladogenesis, the splitting of lineages, as opposed to anagenesis, phyletic evolution within ...
and abundant hybridization seriously confound molecular studies to the point where single-gene studies or those using only mtDNA
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA and mDNA) is the DNA located in the mitochondria organelles in a eukaryotic cell that converts chemical energy from food into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondrial DNA is a small portion of the DNA contained in ...
or nDNA
Nuclear DNA (nDNA), or nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid, is the DNA contained within each cell nucleus of a eukaryotic organism. It encodes for the majority of the genome in eukaryotes, with mitochondrial DNA and plastid DNA coding for the rest. It ...
are essentially worthless for resolving Lamprologini phylogeny
A phylogenetic tree or phylogeny is a graphical representation which shows the evolutionary history between a set of species or Taxon, taxa during a specific time.Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, M ...
.Sturmbauer ''et al.'' (1994), Day ''et al.'' (2007)
While lineages are clearly different in their morphology, habits and ecology, gene flow
In population genetics, gene flow (also known as migration and allele flow) is the transfer of genetic variation, genetic material from one population to another. If the rate of gene flow is high enough, then two populations will have equivalent ...
between genera and species is common enough due to extremely low postzygotic isolation. Males of ''Neolamprologus'' apparently have always readily and successfully mated with females of other Lamprologini they found ready to spawn: mtDNA lineages similar to other Lamprologini genera are widely encountered in species placed in ''Neolamprologus''. And not only do such hybrids seem to be fertile at least to a limited extent in many cases, new species often appear to originate from such interbreeding.Day ''et al.'' (2007)
Species
There are currently 46 recognized species in this genus: * '' Neolamprologus bifasciatus'' Büscher, 1993 * ''Neolamprologus boulengeri
''Lepidiolamprologus boulengeri'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika where it is known from the Tanzanian coast in the northern part of the lake. Pairs of this species live together in their territory and the female lives in sna ...
'' Steindachner
Franz Steindachner (11 November 1834 in Vienna – 10 December 1919 in Vienna) was an Austrian zoologist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist. He published over 200 papers on fishes and over 50 papers on reptiles and amphibians. Steindachner descri ...
, 1909
* '' Neolamprologus brevis'' Boulenger, 1899
* ''Neolamprologus brichardi
''Neolamprologus brichardi'' is a species of cichlid endemism, endemic to the hard water, alkaline waters of Lake Tanganyika in East Africa. It is a popular aquarium fish kept in the fishkeeping hobby, where it is known under a variety of common ...
'' Poll
Poll, polled, or polling may refer to:
Forms of voting and counting
* Poll, a formal election
** Election verification exit poll, a survey taken to verify election counts
** Polling, voting to make decisions or determine opinions
** Polling pla ...
, 1974
* ''Neolamprologus buescheri
''Neolamprologus'' is a genus of cichlids endemic to eastern Africa with all but one species, '' Neolamprologus devosi'' from the Malagarasi River, occurring in Lake Tanganyika. It is the largest genus of cichlids in Lake Tanganyika and also the ...
'' Staeck, 1983
* '' Neolamprologus cancellatus'' Aibara, T. Takahashi & Nakaya, 2005
* ''Neolamprologus caudopunctatus
''Neolamprologus caudopunctatus'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika, where it occurs along the Zambia
Zambia, officially the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of Central Africa, Central, Souther ...
'' Poll
Poll, polled, or polling may refer to:
Forms of voting and counting
* Poll, a formal election
** Election verification exit poll, a survey taken to verify election counts
** Polling, voting to make decisions or determine opinions
** Polling pla ...
, 1978
* '' Neolamprologus chitamwebwai'' Verburg & I. R. Bills, 2007
* ''Neolamprologus christyi
''Neolamprologus christyi'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika. This species can reach a length of TL. It can also be found in the aquarium trade.
Etymology
This cichlid's specific name honours the British naturalist and ex ...
'' Trewavas & Poll
Poll, polled, or polling may refer to:
Forms of voting and counting
* Poll, a formal election
** Election verification exit poll, a survey taken to verify election counts
** Polling, voting to make decisions or determine opinions
** Polling pla ...
, 1952
* ''Neolamprologus crassus
''Neolamprologus crassus'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika where it can be found in the southwestern part of the lake, in the waters of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This species can reach a length of TL.
The type ...
'' ( Brichard, 1989)
* ''Neolamprologus cylindricus
''Neolamprologus cylindricus'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika where it is only known to occur in the southeastern part of the lake. It prefers to live in recesses in the substrate and eats small benthic invertebrates. It lays ...
'' Staeck & Seegers, 1986
* '' Neolamprologus devosi'' Schelly
The schelly (''Coregonus stigmaticus'') is a living fresh water fish of the salmon family, endemic to four lakes in the Lake District, England. Its taxonomy is disputed with some recognizing it as a distinct species and others as a variant of t ...
, Stiassny & Seegers, 2003
* '' Neolamprologus falcicula'' ( Brichard, 1989)
* '' Neolamprologus fasciatus'' Boulenger, 1898
* '' Neolamprologus furcifer'' Boulenger, 1898
* ''Neolamprologus gracilis
''Neolamprologus gracilis'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika
Lake Tanganyika ( ; ) is an African Great Lakes, African Great Lake. It is the world's List of lakes by volume, second-largest freshwater lake by volume and the L ...
'' ( Brichard, 1989)
* '' Neolamprologus helianthus'' Büscher, 1997
* '' Neolamprologus leleupi'' Poll
Poll, polled, or polling may refer to:
Forms of voting and counting
* Poll, a formal election
** Election verification exit poll, a survey taken to verify election counts
** Polling, voting to make decisions or determine opinions
** Polling pla ...
, 1956
* '' Neolamprologus leloupi'' Poll
Poll, polled, or polling may refer to:
Forms of voting and counting
* Poll, a formal election
** Election verification exit poll, a survey taken to verify election counts
** Polling, voting to make decisions or determine opinions
** Polling pla ...
, 1948
* ''Neolamprologus longicaudatus
''Neolamprologus'' is a genus of cichlids endemic (ecology), endemic to eastern Africa with all but one species, ''Neolamprologus devosi'' from the Malagarasi River, occurring in Lake Tanganyika. It is the largest genus of cichlids in Lake Tangan ...
'' Nakaya & Gashagaza, 1995
* ''Neolamprologus longior
''Neolamprologus longior'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika and found at Kabogo Point and Kibwe Bay. This species can reach a length of TL. It can also be found in the aquarium
An aquarium (: aquariums or aquaria) is ...
'' Staeck, 1980
* '' Neolamprologus marunguensis'' Büscher, 1989
* ''Neolamprologus modestus
''Neolamprologus modestus'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika where it lives on rocky substrates in the southern portion of the lake. It breeds in areas with sandy substrates. Generally eating small snails, it also specializes ...
'' Boulenger, 1898
* '' Neolamprologus mondabu'' Boulenger, 1906
* ''Neolamprologus multifasciatus
Species Description
Common Names: Multies, Multi., Shellies (generic; referring to shell dwelling cichlids)
Synonyms: ''Lamprologus multifasciatus''
''Neolamprologus multifasciatus'' or “Multies” are one of the small shell-dwelling cichli ...
'' Boulenger, 1906
* ''Neolamprologus mustax
''Neolamprologus mustax'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika
Lake Tanganyika ( ; ) is an African Great Lakes, African Great Lake. It is the world's List of lakes by volume, second-largest freshwater lake by volume and the Lis ...
'' Poll
Poll, polled, or polling may refer to:
Forms of voting and counting
* Poll, a formal election
** Election verification exit poll, a survey taken to verify election counts
** Polling, voting to make decisions or determine opinions
** Polling pla ...
, 1978
* '' Neolamprologus niger'' Poll
Poll, polled, or polling may refer to:
Forms of voting and counting
* Poll, a formal election
** Election verification exit poll, a survey taken to verify election counts
** Polling, voting to make decisions or determine opinions
** Polling pla ...
, 1956
* '' Neolamprologus nigriventris'' Büscher, 1992
* '' Neolamprologus obscurus'' Poll
Poll, polled, or polling may refer to:
Forms of voting and counting
* Poll, a formal election
** Election verification exit poll, a survey taken to verify election counts
** Polling, voting to make decisions or determine opinions
** Polling pla ...
, 1978
* '' Neolamprologus olivaceous'' ( Brichard, 1989)
* ''Neolamprologus pectoralis
''Neolamprologus pectoralis'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika where it is usually found along the lakes southwestern coast in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This species can reach a length of TL. This species can als ...
'' Büscher, 1991
* '' Neolamprologus petricola'' Poll
Poll, polled, or polling may refer to:
Forms of voting and counting
* Poll, a formal election
** Election verification exit poll, a survey taken to verify election counts
** Polling, voting to make decisions or determine opinions
** Polling pla ...
, 1949
* ''Neolamprologus pleuromaculatus
''Neolamprologus pleuromaculatus'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika where it is only known to occur in the northern half of the lake. This species can reach a length of TL. It can also be found in the aquarium
An aqua ...
'' Trewavas & Poll
Poll, polled, or polling may refer to:
Forms of voting and counting
* Poll, a formal election
** Election verification exit poll, a survey taken to verify election counts
** Polling, voting to make decisions or determine opinions
** Polling pla ...
, 1952
* '' Neolamprologus prochilus'' R. M. Bailey & D. J. Stewart, 1977
* ''Neolamprologus pulcher
''Neolamprologus pulcher'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika where it prefers locations with plenty of sedimentation. The common names for ''N. pulcher'' include daffodil cichlid, fairy cichlid, princess of Zambia and lyretail c ...
'' Trewavas & Poll
Poll, polled, or polling may refer to:
Forms of voting and counting
* Poll, a formal election
** Election verification exit poll, a survey taken to verify election counts
** Polling, voting to make decisions or determine opinions
** Polling pla ...
, 1952
* ''Neolamprologus savoryi
''Neolamprologus savoryi'' is a species of cichlid Endemism, endemic to Lake Tanganyika. This species reaches a length of fish measurement, TL. It can also be found in the aquarium trade. The Specific name (zoology), specific name of this cic ...
'' Poll
Poll, polled, or polling may refer to:
Forms of voting and counting
* Poll, a formal election
** Election verification exit poll, a survey taken to verify election counts
** Polling, voting to make decisions or determine opinions
** Polling pla ...
, 1949
* ''Neolamprologus schreyeni
''Neolamprologus schreyeni'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika where it is only known from along the Burundi coast, inhabiting crevices. This species reaches a length of TL. The specific name honours Andre Schreyen, the nephe ...
'' Poll
Poll, polled, or polling may refer to:
Forms of voting and counting
* Poll, a formal election
** Election verification exit poll, a survey taken to verify election counts
** Polling, voting to make decisions or determine opinions
** Polling pla ...
, 1974
* '' Neolamprologus sexfasciatus'' Trewavas & Poll
Poll, polled, or polling may refer to:
Forms of voting and counting
* Poll, a formal election
** Election verification exit poll, a survey taken to verify election counts
** Polling, voting to make decisions or determine opinions
** Polling pla ...
, 1952
* ''Neolamprologus similis
''Neolamprologus similis'' is a shell-dwelling cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika in Africa, where it is only known along the shores of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Tanzania. ''N. similis'' is copper-coloured with vertical white strip ...
'' Büscher, 1992
* ''Neolamprologus splendens
''Neolamprologus'' is a genus of cichlids endemic to eastern Africa with all but one species, '' Neolamprologus devosi'' from the Malagarasi River, occurring in Lake Tanganyika. It is the largest genus of cichlids in Lake Tanganyika and also the ...
'' ( Brichard, 1989)
* '' Neolamprologus tetracanthus'' Boulenger, 1899 (Fourspine cichlid)
* '' Neolamprologus timidus'' S. O. Kullander, Norén, Mi. Karlsson & Ma. Karlsson, 2014 Kullander, S.O., Norén, M., Karlsson, M. & Karlsson, M. (2014)Description of ''Neolamprologus timidus'', new species, and review of ''N. furcifer'' from Lake Tanganyika (Teleostei: Cichlidae).
''Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 24 (4)
013
013 is a music venue in Tilburg, the Netherlands. The venue opened in 1998 and replaced the ''Noorderligt'', the ''Bat Cave'' and the ''MuziekKantenWinkel''. 013 is the largest popular music venue in the southern Netherlands.
There are two concer ...
301-328.''
* '' Neolamprologus toae'' Poll
Poll, polled, or polling may refer to:
Forms of voting and counting
* Poll, a formal election
** Election verification exit poll, a survey taken to verify election counts
** Polling, voting to make decisions or determine opinions
** Polling pla ...
, 1949
* ''Neolamprologus tretocephalus
''Neolamprologus tretocephalus'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika where it is found in sandy areas in the northern half of the lake. It is a predator on molluscs. This species can reach a length of TL. This species can als ...
'' Boulenger, 1899
* '' Neolamprologus variostigma'' Büscher, 1995
* '' Neolamprologus ventralis'' Büscher, 1995
* '' Neolamprologus walteri'' Verburg & I. R. Bills, 2007
* ''Neolamprologus wauthioni
''Neolamprologus wauthioni'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika where it inhabits snail shells. This species reaches a length of TL. The specific name of this cichlid honours René Wauthion, a Provincial Commissioner in the Be ...
'' Poll
Poll, polled, or polling may refer to:
Forms of voting and counting
* Poll, a formal election
** Election verification exit poll, a survey taken to verify election counts
** Polling, voting to make decisions or determine opinions
** Polling pla ...
, 1949
Footnotes
References
* (2007): Phylogenetic relationships of the Lake Tanganyika cichlid tribe Lamprologini: The story from mitochondrial DNA. '' Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.'' 45(2): 629–642. (HTML abstract) * (1998): ''Tanganyikan cichlids in their natural habitat''. Cichlid Press. * (2003): ''Neolamprologus pulcher'' "Daffodil II". ''Fincinnati'' 2003PDF fulltext
* (1994): Mitochondrial phylogeny of the Lamprologini, the major substrate spawning lineage of cichild fishes from Lake Tanganyika in eastern Africa. '' Mol. Biol. Evol.'' 11(4): 691-703
PDF fulltext
{{Taxonbar, from=Q132743 Lamprologini * Cichlid genera