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Cichlid
Cichlids () are a large, diverse, and widespread family of percomorph fish in the family Cichlidae, order Cichliformes. At least 1,760 species have been scientifically described, making it one of the largest vertebrate families, with only the Cyprinidae being more speciose. New species are discovered annually, and many species remain undescribed. The actual number of species is therefore unknown, with estimates varying between 2,000 and 3,000. They are native to the Neotropics, Africa (including Madagascar), the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent, although some species have been introduced worldwide. Many cichlids, particularly tilapia, are important food fishes, while others, such as the '' Cichla'' species, are valued game fish. The family also includes many popular freshwater aquarium fish kept by hobbyists, including the angelfish, oscars, and discus. Cichlids have the largest number of endangered species among vertebrate families, most in the haplochrom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mbuna
Mbuna (pronounced Mmm-boo-nah ) is the common name for a large group of African cichlids from Lake Malawi, and are members of the haplochromine tribe within the family Cichlidae. The name ''mbuna'' means "rockfish" in the language of the Tonga people of Malawi.Loiselle Paul V. (1988) ''A Fishkeepers Guide to African Cichlids.'' p 97. Salamander Books, London & New York, . As the name implies, most mbuna are cichlids that live among the piles of rocks and along the rocky shores of Lake Malawi, as opposed to the utaka, cichlids that live in the open water or on sandy shores or soft substrates. Some species of mbuna are highly sexually dimorphic, although many are not. Almost all of the cichlid species of Lake Malawi, including mbuna and non mbuna such as the utaka, are believed to have descended from one or a very few species that became isolated in the lake. With rising water levels, new habitats could be colonized and the many isolated rocky outcrops allowed new mbuna species to f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cichlini
Peacock bass or Brazilian tucunaré are large freshwater cichlids of the genus ''Cichla''. These are diurnal predatory fishes native to the Amazon and Orinoco basins, as well as rivers of the Guianas, in tropical South America. They are sometimes referred to in English by their Brazilian name ''tucunaré'' or their Spanish name ''pavon''. Despite the common name and their superficial similarity, they are not closely related to other fish known as bass, such as the North American largemouth bass (''Micropterus salmoides''). Peacock bass are important food fish and are also considered valuable game fish. This has resulted in their accidental (escapees from fish farms) or deliberate (release by fishers) introduction to regions outside their native range, both elsewhere in South America, and in warm parts of North America and Asia. Singles have been caught elsewhere, including Australia, but do not appear to have become established there. Where established as an introduced species ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boulengerochromini
The giant cichlid (''Boulengerochromis microlepis''), also known as the emperor cichlid, is a species of fish in the family Cichlidae, endemic to Lake Tanganyika in Africa.''Boulengerochromis microlepis'' FishBase (2006) Eds. Froese, R. and D. Pauly. fishbase.org version (07/2014).SeriouslyFish Boulengerochromis microlepis. Retrieved 6 April 2017. It is the only member of its ''Boulengerochromis' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heroini
Heroini is a fish tribe from the Cichlasomatinae subfamily in the family Cichlidae (cichlids). All cichlids native to the Greater Antilles, United States (southern Texas), Mexico and northern Central America are members of this tribe. It also includes most cichlid species in southern Central America (where the only non-Heroini cichlids are ''Andinoacara'' and ''Geophagus'') and several species from South America (where several other tribes exist). A large percentage of its species were formerly placed in the genus ''Cichlasoma'' (itself now placed in the tribe Cichlasomatini) but have since been moved to other genera. In other classifications, the tribe Heroini is placed in the subfamily Cichlinae. Genera , this tribe includes 46 valid genera and approximately 184 species: Genera of disputed validity * '' Kihnichthys'' (McMahan & Matamoros, 2015) – Considered by Říčan & Piálek (2016) and Azas (2020) to be a junior synonym of '' Cincelichthys''. * ''Nosferatu'' ( De la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudocrenilabrinae
The Pseudocrenilabrinae are a subfamily in the cichlid family of fishes to which, according to a study from 2004, includes all the Middle Eastern and African cichlids with the exception of the unusual '' Heterochromis multidens'' and the Malagasy species. This subfamily includes more than 1,100 species. Previous authors recognized additional African subfamilies, e.g. the Tilapiinae of Hoedeman (1947), Tylochrominae of Poll (1986), or Boulengerochrominae of Tawil (2001). This subfamily includes the cichlids from the African Great Lakes, such as the utaka and mbuna in Lake Malawi, and various species from Lake Victoria and Lake Tanganyika. The Pseudocrenilabrinae tribes Haplochromini and Oreochromini are widespread in Africa and also found in the Middle East, while Chromidotilapiini, Hemichromini and Tylochromini are primarily West and Central African. The remaining tribes are largely or entirely restricted to Lake Tanganyika. Systematics Apart from the tribes mentioned in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geophagini
Geophagini is a Tribe (biology), tribe of cichlids from the subfamily Cichlinae, the American cichlids. It is the sister taxon to the clade which includes the Cichlasomatini and Heroini. Fishes in the Geophagini are distributed from Panama south to Argentina, it is the most speciose of the seven tribes within the Cichlinae and it is subdivided into three sub-tribes, Acarichthyina, Crenicaratina, and Geophagina which together contain over 200 species. Geophagines show morphological and behavioural specialisations to enable them to sift the substrates within their mouths so that they can separate benthic invertebrates from substrates dominated by sand or silt. Classification The Geophagini are classified as follows: * Subtribe Acarichthyina Sven O. Kullander, Kullander, 1998 ** Genus ''Acarichthys'' Carl H. Eigenmann, C. H. Eigenmann, 1912 ** Genus ''Guianacara'' Kullander & Han Nijssen, Nijssen, 1989 * Subtribe Crenicaratina Kullander, 1998 ** Genus ''Biotoecus'' C. H. Eigenmann & ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Retroculini
''Retroculus'' is a genus of cichlids native to tropical South America, where three are native to rivers in southeastern Amazon Basin in Brazil, while the final is native to rivers in Amapá (Brazil) and French Guiana. It is the sole genus included in the subfamily Retroculinae, although some authorities classify this as a tribe, Retroculini, of the subfamily Cichlinae. These rheophilic cichlids are superficially similar to ''Geophagus ''Geophagus'' is a genus of cichlids that mainly live in South America as far south as Argentina and Uruguay, but a single species, ''G. crassilabris'' is from Panama.Mattos, J.L.O., Costa, W.J.E.M. & Santos, A.C.A. (2015): ''Geophagus diamantin ...''. Species Four recognized species are in this genus: * '' Retroculus acherontos'' Landim, C. L. R. Moreira & C. A. Figueiredo, 2015Landim, M.I., Moreira, C.R. & Figueiredo, C.A. (2015): ''Retroculus acherontos'', a new species of cichlid fish (Teleostei) from the Rio Tocantins basin. ''Zootaxa, 3 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chromidotilapiini
Chromidotilapiini is a tribe of small cichlids from tropical West and Middle Africa. There are thirteen genera and over fifty described species in this tribe. Genera The following genera are classified within the tribe Chromidotilapiini: * '' Benitochromis'' Lamboj, 2001 * '' Chromidotilapia'' Boulenger, 1898 * '' Congochromis'' Stiassny & Schliewen, 2007 * '' Divandu'' Lamboj & Snoeks, 2000 *'' Enigmatochromis'' Lamboj 2009 * '' Limbochromis'' Greenwood, 1987 * '' Nanochromis'' Pellegrin, 1904 * '' Parananochromis'' Greenwood, 1987 * '' Pelmatochromis'' Steindachner, 1894 * '' Pelvicachromis'' Thys van den Audenaerde, 1968 * '' Teleogramma'' Boulenger, 1899 * ''Thysochromis ''Thysochromis'' is a genus of cichlids native to West West is one of the four cardinal directions or points of the compass. It is the opposite direction from east and is the direction in which the Sun sets on the Earth. Etymology The wor ...'' Daget 1988 * '' Wallaceochromis'' Lamboj, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Etiini
''Etia nguti'' is a species of cichlid fish endemic to Cameroon in Central Africa where it is only known from the Nguti River (Ehumbve river), a tributary of the Cross- Manyu River. This species can reach up to in standard length. It is the only member of its genus and tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide use of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. The definition is contested, in part due to conflict .... Etymology The species name refers to the village Nguti in Southwestern Cameroon where the majority of the type series was collected. The generic name "Etia" in the indigenous Mbo language spoken in Nguti means "located in", 'Etia Nguti' literally means "located in Nguti."Schliewen, U.K. and M.L. Stiassny, 2003. ''Etia nguti'', a new genus and species of cichlid fish from the River Mamfue, Upper Cross River basin in Cameroon, West-Central Africa. Ichthyol. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cichlinae
The Cichlinae are a subfamily of fishes in the Cichlidae, cichlid family, native to Centra America, Central and South America. This subfamily consists of approximately 117 described species as of July 2017. Some authors have suggested that the Cichlinae encompasses all of the Neotropical Cichlids and found the taxon to be Monophyly, monophyletic and to be divided into seven Tribe (biology), tribes: Astronotini, Chaetobranchini, Cichlasomatini, Cichlini, Geophagini, Heroini, and Retroculini. In this system the Geophaginae plus the Chaetobranchini were recovered as the sister taxon to the clade consisting of the Heroini plus the Cichlatsomatini, these latter two being referred to as the subfamily Cichlasomatinae in some classifications, while the Monotypy, monogeneric Astronotini was a sister taxon to these four, while the Cichlini and Retroculini made up a sister clade of the other five. Tribes The following tribes make up the subfamily Cichlinae: * Cichlini * Retroculini * As ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyphotilapiini
''Cyphotilapia'' is a small genus of African cichlids endemic to Lake Tanganyika, with ''C. frontosa'' being roughly confined to the northern half of the lake and ''C. gibberosa'' roughly to the southern half.Takahashi, T. and K. Nakaya (2003). New species of Cyphotilapia (Perciformes: Cichlidae) from Lake Tanganyika, Africa. Copeia 2003(4): 824-832. They have a distinctly banded pattern, bulbous foreheads when mature and can reach up to in length. These are a mouth-brooding cichlid with a rather small batch of fry each spawn. The mother will hold the fry in her mouth for about 3–4 weeks before finally releasing about 30-70 fry. These are slow-growing fish, which take up to 6 years to reach sexual maturity. They can live for up to 25 years. Species There are currently two recognized species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ptychochrominae
The Ptychochrominae are a subfamily in the cichlid family of fish. It includes about 14 species. They are restricted to lakes and rivers in Madagascar, and the majority are threatened. Most cichlid genera native to Madagascar are included in this subfamily; the only exceptions are '' Paretroplus'' (subfamily Etroplinae) and ''Paratilapia'' (sometimes included in the Ptychochrominae, but likely belongs in its own subfamily). Abstract Abstract Genera The following genera are included in the subfamily Ptychochrominae: *'' Katria'' Stiassny & Sparks, 2006 *'' Oxylapia'' Kiener & Maugé, 1966 *''Paratilapia ''Paratilapia'' is a genus of cichlids generally restricted to Madagascar. These are large, dark cichlids densely covered in light spots. An additional very poorly known species from the Congo River basin in mainland Africa is sometimes also plac ...'' Bleeker, 1868 *'' Ptychochromis'' Steindachner, 1880 *'' Ptychochromoides'' Kiener & Maugé, 1966 References {{Taxonbar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
