Neolamprologus Splendens
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''Neolamprologus'' is a
genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
cichlid Cichlids () are a large, diverse, and widespread family of percomorph fish in the family Cichlidae, order Cichliformes. At least 1,760 species have been scientifically described, making it one of the largest vertebrate families, with on ...
s
endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found only in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also foun ...
to eastern Africa with all but one species, '' Neolamprologus devosi'' from the Malagarasi River, occurring in
Lake Tanganyika Lake Tanganyika ( ; ) is an African Great Lakes, African Great Lake. It is the world's List of lakes by volume, second-largest freshwater lake by volume and the List of lakes by depth, second deepest, in both cases after Lake Baikal in Siberia. ...
. It is the largest genus of cichlids in Lake Tanganyika and also the largest genus in the tribe
Lamprologini Lamprologini is a tribe of African cichlid fishes. It contains seven genera and nearly 100 species. Over half of the species in this tribe are in the large genus ''Neolamprologus''. Most genera in the tribe are endemic to Lake Tanganyika, but on ...
, which includes ''
Altolamprologus ''Altolamprologus'' is a small genus of pseudocrenilabrine cichlids endemic to Lake Tanganyika in eastern Africa. They inhabit areas of the lake with large amounts of rock, most frequently in water two to ten metres in depth. Two formally descri ...
'', '' Chalinochromis'', ''
Julidochromis ''Julidochromis'' is a genus of cichlids in the subfamily Pseudocrenilabrinae. They are commonly called julies and are endemic to Lake Tanganyika in eastern Africa. This genus includes six formally described species, some with a number local v ...
'', '' Lamprologus'', '' Lepidiolamprologus'', '' Telmatochromis'' and '' Variabilichromis''. The latter is a
monotypic In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unisp ...
genus doubtfully distinct from ''Neolamprologus''. It is already known for some time that according to
mtDNA Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA and mDNA) is the DNA located in the mitochondria organelles in a eukaryotic cell that converts chemical energy from food into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondrial DNA is a small portion of the DNA contained in ...
sequence In mathematics, a sequence is an enumerated collection of objects in which repetitions are allowed and order matters. Like a set, it contains members (also called ''elements'', or ''terms''). The number of elements (possibly infinite) is cal ...
analysis, this genus is very probably
polyphyletic A polyphyletic group is an assemblage that includes organisms with mixed evolutionary origin but does not include their most recent common ancestor. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as Homoplasy, homoplasies ...
. It is likely that it will be revised eventually; if ''Variabilichromis'' is split off, at least some of the more ancient lineages currently placed in ''Neolamprologus'' are probably worthy of separation also. However, the morphological similarity and numerous
undescribed species In taxonomy, an undescribed taxon is a taxon (for example, a species) that has been discovered, but not yet formally described and named. The various Nomenclature Codes specify the requirements for a new taxon to be validly described and named. U ...
do not make analyses easier, and as with many cichlids, recent
speciation Speciation is the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species. The biologist Orator F. Cook coined the term in 1906 for cladogenesis, the splitting of lineages, as opposed to anagenesis, phyletic evolution within ...
and abundant hybridization seriously confound molecular studies to the point where single-gene studies or those using only
mtDNA Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA and mDNA) is the DNA located in the mitochondria organelles in a eukaryotic cell that converts chemical energy from food into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondrial DNA is a small portion of the DNA contained in ...
or
nDNA Nuclear DNA (nDNA), or nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid, is the DNA contained within each cell nucleus of a eukaryotic organism. It encodes for the majority of the genome in eukaryotes, with mitochondrial DNA and plastid DNA coding for the rest. It ...
are essentially worthless for resolving Lamprologini
phylogeny A phylogenetic tree or phylogeny is a graphical representation which shows the evolutionary history between a set of species or Taxon, taxa during a specific time.Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, M ...
.Sturmbauer ''et al.'' (1994), Day ''et al.'' (2007) While lineages are clearly different in their morphology, habits and ecology,
gene flow In population genetics, gene flow (also known as migration and allele flow) is the transfer of genetic variation, genetic material from one population to another. If the rate of gene flow is high enough, then two populations will have equivalent ...
between genera and species is common enough due to extremely low postzygotic isolation. Males of ''Neolamprologus'' apparently have always readily and successfully mated with females of other Lamprologini they found ready to spawn: mtDNA lineages similar to other Lamprologini genera are widely encountered in species placed in ''Neolamprologus''. And not only do such hybrids seem to be fertile at least to a limited extent in many cases, new species often appear to originate from such interbreeding.Day ''et al.'' (2007)


Species

There are currently 46 recognized species in this genus: * '' Neolamprologus bifasciatus'' Büscher, 1993 * '' Neolamprologus boulengeri''
Steindachner Franz Steindachner (11 November 1834 in Vienna – 10 December 1919 in Vienna) was an Austrian zoologist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist. He published over 200 papers on fishes and over 50 papers on reptiles and amphibians. Steindachner descri ...
, 1909 * '' Neolamprologus brevis'' Boulenger, 1899 * '' Neolamprologus brichardi''
Poll Poll, polled, or polling may refer to: Forms of voting and counting * Poll, a formal election ** Election verification exit poll, a survey taken to verify election counts ** Polling, voting to make decisions or determine opinions ** Polling pla ...
, 1974 * '' Neolamprologus buescheri'' Staeck, 1983 * '' Neolamprologus cancellatus'' Aibara, T. Takahashi & Nakaya, 2005 * '' Neolamprologus caudopunctatus''
Poll Poll, polled, or polling may refer to: Forms of voting and counting * Poll, a formal election ** Election verification exit poll, a survey taken to verify election counts ** Polling, voting to make decisions or determine opinions ** Polling pla ...
, 1978 * '' Neolamprologus chitamwebwai'' Verburg & I. R. Bills, 2007 * '' Neolamprologus christyi'' Trewavas &
Poll Poll, polled, or polling may refer to: Forms of voting and counting * Poll, a formal election ** Election verification exit poll, a survey taken to verify election counts ** Polling, voting to make decisions or determine opinions ** Polling pla ...
, 1952 * '' Neolamprologus crassus'' ( Brichard, 1989) * '' Neolamprologus cylindricus'' Staeck & Seegers, 1986 * '' Neolamprologus devosi''
Schelly The schelly (''Coregonus stigmaticus'') is a living fresh water fish of the salmon family, endemic to four lakes in the Lake District, England. Its taxonomy is disputed with some recognizing it as a distinct species and others as a variant of t ...
, Stiassny & Seegers, 2003 * '' Neolamprologus falcicula'' ( Brichard, 1989) * '' Neolamprologus fasciatus'' Boulenger, 1898 * '' Neolamprologus furcifer'' Boulenger, 1898 * '' Neolamprologus gracilis'' ( Brichard, 1989) * '' Neolamprologus helianthus'' Büscher, 1997 * '' Neolamprologus leleupi''
Poll Poll, polled, or polling may refer to: Forms of voting and counting * Poll, a formal election ** Election verification exit poll, a survey taken to verify election counts ** Polling, voting to make decisions or determine opinions ** Polling pla ...
, 1956 * '' Neolamprologus leloupi''
Poll Poll, polled, or polling may refer to: Forms of voting and counting * Poll, a formal election ** Election verification exit poll, a survey taken to verify election counts ** Polling, voting to make decisions or determine opinions ** Polling pla ...
, 1948 * '' Neolamprologus longicaudatus'' Nakaya & Gashagaza, 1995 * '' Neolamprologus longior'' Staeck, 1980 * '' Neolamprologus marunguensis'' Büscher, 1989 * '' Neolamprologus modestus'' Boulenger, 1898 * '' Neolamprologus mondabu'' Boulenger, 1906 * '' Neolamprologus multifasciatus'' Boulenger, 1906 * '' Neolamprologus mustax''
Poll Poll, polled, or polling may refer to: Forms of voting and counting * Poll, a formal election ** Election verification exit poll, a survey taken to verify election counts ** Polling, voting to make decisions or determine opinions ** Polling pla ...
, 1978 * '' Neolamprologus niger''
Poll Poll, polled, or polling may refer to: Forms of voting and counting * Poll, a formal election ** Election verification exit poll, a survey taken to verify election counts ** Polling, voting to make decisions or determine opinions ** Polling pla ...
, 1956 * '' Neolamprologus nigriventris'' Büscher, 1992 * '' Neolamprologus obscurus''
Poll Poll, polled, or polling may refer to: Forms of voting and counting * Poll, a formal election ** Election verification exit poll, a survey taken to verify election counts ** Polling, voting to make decisions or determine opinions ** Polling pla ...
, 1978 * '' Neolamprologus olivaceous'' ( Brichard, 1989) * '' Neolamprologus pectoralis'' Büscher, 1991 * '' Neolamprologus petricola''
Poll Poll, polled, or polling may refer to: Forms of voting and counting * Poll, a formal election ** Election verification exit poll, a survey taken to verify election counts ** Polling, voting to make decisions or determine opinions ** Polling pla ...
, 1949 * '' Neolamprologus pleuromaculatus'' Trewavas &
Poll Poll, polled, or polling may refer to: Forms of voting and counting * Poll, a formal election ** Election verification exit poll, a survey taken to verify election counts ** Polling, voting to make decisions or determine opinions ** Polling pla ...
, 1952 * '' Neolamprologus prochilus'' R. M. Bailey & D. J. Stewart, 1977 * ''
Neolamprologus pulcher ''Neolamprologus pulcher'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika where it prefers locations with plenty of sedimentation. The common names for ''N. pulcher'' include daffodil cichlid, fairy cichlid, princess of Zambia and lyretail c ...
'' Trewavas &
Poll Poll, polled, or polling may refer to: Forms of voting and counting * Poll, a formal election ** Election verification exit poll, a survey taken to verify election counts ** Polling, voting to make decisions or determine opinions ** Polling pla ...
, 1952 * '' Neolamprologus savoryi''
Poll Poll, polled, or polling may refer to: Forms of voting and counting * Poll, a formal election ** Election verification exit poll, a survey taken to verify election counts ** Polling, voting to make decisions or determine opinions ** Polling pla ...
, 1949 * '' Neolamprologus schreyeni''
Poll Poll, polled, or polling may refer to: Forms of voting and counting * Poll, a formal election ** Election verification exit poll, a survey taken to verify election counts ** Polling, voting to make decisions or determine opinions ** Polling pla ...
, 1974 * '' Neolamprologus sexfasciatus'' Trewavas &
Poll Poll, polled, or polling may refer to: Forms of voting and counting * Poll, a formal election ** Election verification exit poll, a survey taken to verify election counts ** Polling, voting to make decisions or determine opinions ** Polling pla ...
, 1952 * '' Neolamprologus similis'' Büscher, 1992 * '' Neolamprologus splendens'' ( Brichard, 1989) * '' Neolamprologus tetracanthus'' Boulenger, 1899 (Fourspine cichlid) * '' Neolamprologus timidus'' S. O. Kullander, Norén, Mi. Karlsson & Ma. Karlsson, 2014 Kullander, S.O., Norén, M., Karlsson, M. & Karlsson, M. (2014)
Description of ''Neolamprologus timidus'', new species, and review of ''N. furcifer'' from Lake Tanganyika (Teleostei: Cichlidae).
''Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 24 (4)
013 013 is a music venue in Tilburg, the Netherlands. The venue opened in 1998 and replaced the ''Noorderligt'', the ''Bat Cave'' and the ''MuziekKantenWinkel''. 013 is the largest popular music venue in the southern Netherlands. There are two concer ...
301-328.'' * '' Neolamprologus toae''
Poll Poll, polled, or polling may refer to: Forms of voting and counting * Poll, a formal election ** Election verification exit poll, a survey taken to verify election counts ** Polling, voting to make decisions or determine opinions ** Polling pla ...
, 1949 * '' Neolamprologus tretocephalus'' Boulenger, 1899 * '' Neolamprologus variostigma'' Büscher, 1995 * '' Neolamprologus ventralis'' Büscher, 1995 * '' Neolamprologus walteri'' Verburg & I. R. Bills, 2007 * '' Neolamprologus wauthioni''
Poll Poll, polled, or polling may refer to: Forms of voting and counting * Poll, a formal election ** Election verification exit poll, a survey taken to verify election counts ** Polling, voting to make decisions or determine opinions ** Polling pla ...
, 1949


Footnotes


References

* (2007): Phylogenetic relationships of the Lake Tanganyika cichlid tribe Lamprologini: The story from mitochondrial DNA. '' Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.'' 45(2): 629–642. (HTML abstract) * (1998): ''Tanganyikan cichlids in their natural habitat''. Cichlid Press. * (2003): ''Neolamprologus pulcher'' "Daffodil II". ''Fincinnati'' 2003
PDF fulltext
* (1994): Mitochondrial phylogeny of the Lamprologini, the major substrate spawning lineage of cichild fishes from Lake Tanganyika in eastern Africa. '' Mol. Biol. Evol.'' 11(4): 691-703
PDF fulltext
{{Taxonbar, from=Q132743 Lamprologini * Cichlid genera