Minuscule 541 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), 554 (in the Scrivener's numbering), ε 400 (in Soden's numbering), is a

Greek Greek may refer to: Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor of all kno ...

minuscule Letter case is the distinction between the letters that are in larger uppercase or capitals (more formally ''majuscule'') and smaller lowercase (more formally '' minuscule'') in the written representation of certain languages. The writing system ...

manuscript A manuscript (abbreviated MS for singular and MSS for plural) was, traditionally, any document written by hand or typewritten, as opposed to mechanically printed or reproduced in some indirect or automated way. More recently, the term has ...

of the

New Testament The New Testament (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon. It discusses the teachings and person of Jesus in Christianity, Jesus, as well as events relating to Christianity in the 1st century, first-century Christianit ...

, on a parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 15th century. The manuscript was adapted for liturgical use. It is incomplete.

Description

The codex contains some parts of the

Gospel of Matthew The Gospel of Matthew is the first book of the New Testament of the Bible and one of the three synoptic Gospels. It tells the story of who the author believes is Israel's messiah (Christ (title), Christ), Jesus, resurrection of Jesus, his res ...

and

Gospel of Mark The Gospel of Mark is the second of the four canonical Gospels and one of the three synoptic Gospels, synoptic Gospels. It tells of the ministry of Jesus from baptism of Jesus, his baptism by John the Baptist to his death, the Burial of Jesus, ...

, on 49 parchment leaves (size ), with numerous lacunae. The text is written in one column per page, 21 lines per page. It is neatly written, but has survived in bad condition. The

iota adscript Iota (; uppercase Ι, lowercase ι; ) is the ninth letter of the Greek alphabet. It was derived from the Phoenician alphabet, Phoenician letter Yodh. Letters that arose from this letter include the Latin alphabet, Latin I and J, the Cyrillic � ...

does not occur.

From Matthew 18:32 – 24:10 and 26:8 – 28:20 and from Mark 1:16 – 13:9 and 14:9–26. The text is divided according to the ('chapters'), whose numbers are given at the margin, with their ('titles') at the top and foot of the pages. There is also a division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections, with references to the

Eusebian Canons Eusebian canons, Eusebian sections or Eusebian apparatus, also known as Ammonian sections, are the system of dividing the four Gospels used between late antiquity and the Middle Ages. The divisions into Chapters and verses of the Bible, chapters ...

(only partially). The and numbers of the are red in Matthew and black in Mark. The Ammonian Sections are red in Matthew, in Mark are often black. The references to the Eusebian Canons are mostly omitted. It contains lists of the ('list of contents') before each Gospel, lectionary markings at the margin (for liturgical use), subscriptions at the end of each Gospel (with numbers of ). There are many abridgements in the writing. The rubrical directions in margin are both in black and red. Some corrections seem to be written by ''prima manu'' others plainly ''secondary manu'' (Matthew 20,13.20; 21,42; 27,64; Mark 1:22; 5:19; 6:15; 10:32; 11:3).

Errors

According tο Scrivener, occurs only seven times, a

hiatus Hiatus may refer to: * Hiatus (anatomy), a natural fissure in a structure * Hiatus (stratigraphy), a discontinuity in the age of strata in stratigraphy *''Hiatus'', a genus of picture-winged flies with sole member species '' Hiatus fulvipes'' * G ...

for the lack of it thrice."Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener
''Adversaria Critica Sacra: With a Short Explanatory Introduction''
(Cambridge, 1893), p. XLVIII. There are an unusual number of iotacistic errors (115 occurrences): for , for , for , for , for , for η, for , for , for (only 1), for , for (only 1), for , for , for , for , for (only 1), for (2), for .Another manuscript with unusual number of itacistic errors is

Minuscule 543 Minuscule 543 is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, written on parchment. It is designated by the siglum 543 in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts, ε 257 in von Soden's numbering of New Testament manuscri ...

. There are many omissions by (Matthew 21:32; 22:2.3; 23:3.12; Mark 2:22; 4:24; 7:20; 8:11.37; 9:5; 10:19.32; 11:15.28).

Text

The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the

Byzantine text-type In the textual criticism of the New Testament, the Byzantine text-type (also called Traditional Text, Ecclesiastical Text, Constantinopolitan Text, Antiocheian Text, or Syrian Text) is one of the main Textual criticism#New Testament, text types. ...

. Aland placed it in Category V. It has some corrections – by erasure – made both by the first hand and later. Angela Georgina Burdett-Coutts

History

The manuscript is dated, probably by the first hand, to the year 1323, but dated by paleographers to the 15th century. In 1864 the manuscript was purchased from a dealer at

Janina Ioannina ( ' ), often called Yannena ( ' ) within Greece, is the capital and largest city of the Ioannina (regional unit), Ioannina regional unit and of Epirus (region), Epirus, an Modern regions of Greece, administrative region in northwester ...

in Epeiros, by Baroness Burdett-Coutts (1814–1906), a philanthropist, together with other Greek manuscripts (among them codices

532 __NOTOC__ Year 532 ( DXXXII) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Second year after the Consulship of Lampadius and Probus (or, less frequently, year 1285 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denom ...

- 546). They were transported to England in 1870–1871. The manuscript was presented by Burdett-Coutts to Sir Roger Cholmely's School, and was housed at the Highgate (Burdett-Coutts II. 26. 2), in London. It was examined and collated by Scrivener in his ''Adversaria critica sacra'' (1893). It was added to the list of the New Testament manuscripts by F. H. A. Scrivener and

C. R. Gregory C. or c. may refer to: * Century, sometimes abbreviated as ''c.'' or ''C.'', a period of 100 years * Letter C, the third letter in the alphabet. * Cent (currency), abbreviated ''c.'' or ''¢'', a monetary unit that equals of the basic unit of man ...

. Gregory saw it in 1883. In 1922 it was acquired for the University of Michigan.Kenneth W. Clark, ''A Descriptive Catalogue of Greek New Testament Manuscripts in America'' (Chicago, 1937), p. 294. It is currently housed at the

University of Michigan The University of Michigan (U-M, U of M, or Michigan) is a public university, public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States. Founded in 1817, it is the oldest institution of higher education in the state. The University of Mi ...

(Ms. Inv. No. 23b) in

Ann Arbor Ann Arbor is a city in Washtenaw County, Michigan, United States, and its county seat. The 2020 United States census, 2020 census recorded its population to be 123,851, making it the List of municipalities in Michigan, fifth-most populous cit ...

Images

File:GA 541 0001a.jpg, Matthew 18:32-19:5; the page was partially damaged by water File:Minuscule 541 (GA) 0016b.jpg, Initials in red, the Ammonian Sections and the Eusebian Canons in red File:Minuscule 541 GA 0024a.JPG, The page with text of Mark 1:38-2:2; (titles) on the top and the foot of page File:Minuscule 541 GA 0025b.JPG, The page with text of Mark 2:18-26, in 2:22 omission by "homoiotheleuton" (omitted — ει δε μη ρηξει ο οινος τους ασκους)

Notes

References

External links

Images of the minuscule 541
at the CSNTM {{DEFAULTSORT:Minuscule 0541 Greek New Testament minuscules 15th-century biblical manuscripts University of Michigan