''Lymphocryptovirus'' is a genus of

virus A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living Cell (biology), cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Viruses are ...

es in the order ''

Herpesvirales ''Herpesvirales'' is an order of dsDNA viruses (Baltimore group I) with animal hosts, characterised by a common morphology consisting of an icosahedral capsid enclosed in a glycoprotein-containing lipid envelope. Common infections in humans cause ...

'', in the family ''

Herpesviridae ''Orthoherpesviridae'', previously named and more widely known as ''Herpesviridae'', is a large family of DNA viruses that cause infections and certain diseases in animals, including humans. The members of this family are commonly known as herp ...

'', in the subfamily ''

Gammaherpesvirinae ''Gammaherpesvirinae'' is a subfamily of viruses in the order ''Herpesvirales'' and in the family ''Herpesviridae''. Viruses in ''Gammaherpesvirinae'' are distinguished by reproducing at a more variable rate than other subfamilies of ''Herpesvir ...

''. This genus includes the human-infecting '' Human gammaherpesvirus 4'' (Epstein–Barr virus), as well as viruses that infect both

Old World monkey Old World monkeys are primates in the family Cercopithecidae (). Twenty-four genera and 138 species are recognized, making it the largest primate family. Old World monkey genera include baboons (genus '' Papio''), red colobus (genus '' Piliocolob ...

s and

New World monkey New World monkeys are the five families of primates that are found in the tropical regions of Mexico, Central and South America: Callitrichidae, Cebidae, Aotidae, Pitheciidae, and Atelidae. The five families are ranked together as the Ceboi ...

s. Other names for the ''Lymphocryptovirus'' genus include ''Lymphocryptoviridae'' (suffix -''viridae'' implying family rank, although this is not the accepted taxonomy) and gamma-1 herpesviruses. There are nine species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include:

mononucleosis Infectious mononucleosis (IM, mono), also known as glandular fever, is an infection usually caused by the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). Most people are infected by the virus as children, when the disease produces few or no symptoms. In young adu ...

Burkitt's lymphoma Burkitt's lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system, particularly B lymphocytes found in the germinal center. It is named after Denis Parsons Burkitt, the Irish surgeon who first described the disease in 1958 while working in equatorial Africa ...

, and

nasopharyngeal carcinoma Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), or nasopharynx cancer, is the most common cancer originating in the nasopharynx, most commonly in the postero-lateral nasopharynx or pharyngeal recess (fossa of Rosenmüller), accounting for 50% of cases. NPC occurs ...

Species

The genus consists of the following nine species: * '' Lymphocryptovirus callitrichinegamma3'', also called '' Callitrichine gammaherpesvirus 3'' * ''

Lymphocryptovirus gorillinegamma1 ''Lymphocryptovirus'' is a genus of viruses in the order ''Herpesvirales'', in the family ''Herpesviridae'', in the subfamily ''Gammaherpesvirinae''. This genus includes the human-infecting ''Human gammaherpesvirus 4'' (Epstein–Barr virus), as ...

'', also called '' Gorilline gammaherpesvirus 1'' * '' Lymphocryptovirus humangamma4'', commonly called

Epstein–Barr virus The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), also known as human herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4), is one of the nine known Herpesviridae#Human herpesvirus types, human herpesvirus types in the Herpesviridae, herpes family, and is one of the most common viruses in ...

* '' Lymphocryptovirus macacinegamma4'', also called '' Macacine gammaherpesvirus 4'' * '' Lymphocryptovirus macacinegamma10'', also called '' Macacine gammaherpesvirus 10'' * '' Lymphocryptovirus macacinegamma13'' * '' Lymphocryptovirus paninegamma1'', also called '' Panine gammaherpesvirus 1'' * '' Lymphocryptovirus papiinegamma1'', also called '' Papiine gammaherpesvirus 1'' * '' Lymphocryptovirus ponginegamma2', also called ''

Pongine gammaherpesvirus 2 Pongine gammaherpesvirus 2 (PoHV-2), commonly known as orangutan herpesvirus, is a species of virus in the genus ''Lymphocryptovirus'', subfamily ''Gammaherpesvirinae'', family ''Herpesviridae'', and order ''Herpesvirales ''Herpesvirales'' is a ...

Structure

Viruses in ''Lymphocryptovirus'' are enveloped, with icosahedral, spherical to pleomorphic, and round geometries, and T=16 symmetry. The diameter is around 150-200 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented, around 180kb in length.

Life cycle

Viral replication is nuclear, and is lysogenic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral glycoproteins to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the dsDNA bidirectional replication model. DNA-templated transcription, with some alternative splicing mechanism is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by nuclear egress, and budding. Human and mammals serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are

zoonosis A zoonosis (; plural zoonoses) or zoonotic disease is an infectious disease of humans caused by a pathogen (an infectious agent, such as a virus, bacterium, parasite, fungi, or prion) that can jump from a non-human vertebrate to a human. When ...

, bite, contact, and saliva.

References

External links

Viralzone: ''Lymphocryptovirus''

ICTV
{{Taxonbar, from=Q537247 Gammaherpesvirinae Virus genera