|
Herpesvirales
''Herpesvirales'' is an order of dsDNA viruses (Baltimore group I) with animal hosts, characterised by a common morphology consisting of an icosahedral capsid enclosed in a glycoprotein-containing lipid envelope. Common infections in humans caused by members of this order include cold sores, genital herpes, chickenpox, shingles, and glandular fever. ''Herpesvirales'' is the sole order in the class ''Herviviricetes'', which is the sole class in the phylum ''Peploviricota''. Virology Morphology All members of the order have a virion structure that consists of a DNA core surrounded by an icosahedral capsid composed of 12 pentavalent and 150 hexavalent capsomeres (T = 16). The capsid has a diameter of ~110 nanometers (nm) and is embedded in a proteinaceous matrix called the tegument, which in its turn is enclosed by a glycoprotein-containing lipid envelope with a diameter of about 200 nm. The DNA genome is linear and double stranded, with sizes in the range 125–290 kbp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herpesvirus
''Orthoherpesviridae'', previously named and more widely known as ''Herpesviridae'', is a large family of DNA viruses that cause infections and certain diseases in animals, including humans. The members of this family are commonly known as herpesviruses. The family name is derived from the Greek word ἕρπειν ( 'to creep'), referring to spreading cutaneous lesions, usually involving blisters, seen in flares of herpes simplex 1, herpes simplex 2 and herpes zoster ( shingles). In 1971, the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) established ''Herpesvirus'' as a genus with 23 viruses among four groups. Since then, the number of identified herpesviruses has grown to more than 100. Herpesviruses can cause both latent and lytic infections. Nine herpesvirus types are known to primarily infect humans, at least five of which are extremely widespread among most human populations, and which cause common diseases: herpes simplex 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2, also know ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malacoherpesviridae
''Malacoherpesviridae'' is a family of DNA viruses in the order ''Herpesvirales''. Molluscs serve as natural hosts, making members of this family the only known herpesviruses to infect invertebrates. There are currently only two species recognised in this family, both classified into separate genera. Disease associated with this family includes sporadic episodes of high mortality among larvae and juveniles. The family name ''Malacoherpesviridae'' is derived from Greek word 'μαλακός (malacos) meaning 'soft' and from Greek word 'μαλάκιον (malakion) meaning 'mollusc'. Taxonomy * '' Aurivirus'' Savin et al., 2010, syn. ''Haliotivirus'' ** ''Aurivirus haliotidmalaco1'' also called Haliotid herpesvirus 1 Savin et al., 2010 – acronym: HaHV-1 or AbHV-1 (Corbeil et al., 2017, J Inv Pathol, 146:31-35), common name: abalone herpesvirus, its hosts are abalone sea snails, i.e. ''Haliotis'' spp. such as '' Haliotis diversicolor''. * '' Ostreavirus'' Davison et al., 2009 ** ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Human Alphaherpesvirus 1
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HHV-1 or HSV-1) is a species of virus in the genus '' Simplexvirus'', subfamily ''Alphaherpesvirinae'', family ''Herpesviridae'', and order ''Herpesvirales''. Evolution Herpes simplex virus 1 can be classified into six clades. Four of these occur in East Africa, one in East Asia and one in Europe and North America. This suggests that the virus may have originated in East Africa. The most recent common ancestor of the Eurasian strains appears to have evolved around 60,000 years ago. Pathology Herpes simplex virus 1 infects humans, most often as cold sores. It is very common and contagious; about 67% of the world population under the age of 50 has Herpes simplex virus 1. It is often acquired orally during childhood. It may also be sexually transmitted, including contact with saliva, such as kissing and mouth-to-genital contact (oral sex). The virus tends to reside in the trigeminal ganglia. This species appears to be particularly damaging to the nerv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Human Alphaherpesvirus 2
Herpes simplex virus 2 (HHV-2 or HSV-2) is a species of virus in the genus '' Simplexvirus'', subfamily ''Alphaherpesvirinae'', family ''Herpesviridae'', and order ''Herpesvirales''. Evolution Herpes simplex virus 2 can be divided into two clades: one is globally distributed and the other is mostly limited to sub Saharan Africa.Burrel S, Boutolleau D, Ryu D, Agut H, Merkel K, Leendertz FH, Calvignac-Spencer S (2017) Ancient recombination events between human herpes simplex viruses. Mol Biol Evol Pathology Herpes simplex virus 2 infects humans, most often as genital herpes. In the United States more than one in six people have the virus. It is primarily a sexually transmitted infection. Herpes simplex virus 2 tends to reside in the sacral ganglia. Herpes simplex virus 2 is periodically shed in the human genital tract, most often asymptomatically. Most sexual transmissions occur during periods of asymptomatic shedding. Asymptomatic reactivation means that the virus causes a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alloherpesviridae
''Alloherpesviridae'' is a family of viruses in the order ''Herpesvirales ''Herpesvirales'' is an order of dsDNA viruses (Baltimore group I) with animal hosts, characterised by a common morphology consisting of an icosahedral capsid enclosed in a glycoprotein-containing lipid envelope. Common infections in humans cause ...''. This family includes the species that infect fish and amphibians. Phylogenetic studies have confirmed the validity of this family and suggest that it may be divided into two clades: one consisting of viruses from cyprinid and anguillid hosts and the other of viruses from ictalurid, salmonid, acipenserid, and ranid hosts. The family has four genera. A disease associated with this family is channel catfish disease. Taxonomy ''Alloherpesviridae'' was established as a family in 2005. Genera The family contains the following four genera: * '' Batravirus'' * '' Cyvirus'' * '' Ictavirus'' * '' Salmovirus'' Structure Viruses in ''Alloherpesviridae'' are enve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iltovirus
''Iltovirus'' is a genus of viruses in the order ''Herpesvirales'', in the family ''Herpesviridae'', in the subfamily ''Alphaherpesvirinae''. Birds, galliform birds, psittacine birds, chickens, turkeys, and quail Quail is a collective name for several genera of mid-sized birds generally placed in the order Galliformes. The collective noun for a group of quail is a flock, covey, or bevy. Old World quail are placed in the family Phasianidae, and New ... serve as natural hosts. Diseases associated with this genus include: acute respiratory diseases: gaHV-1: infectious laryngotracheitis; psHV-1: Pacheco's disease. Species The genus consists of the following species: * '' Iltovirus cacatuidalpha2'' * '' Iltovirus gallidalpha1'', also called Gallid alphaherpesvirus 1 * '' Iltovirus psittacidalpha1'', also called Psittacid alphaherpesvirus 1 * '' Iltovirus psittacidalpha5'' Structure Viruses in ''Iltovirus'' are enveloped, with icosahedral, spherical to pleomorphic, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mardivirus
''Mardivirus'' is a genus of viruses in the order ''Herpesvirales'', in the family ''Herpesviridae'', in the subfamily ''Alphaherpesvirinae''. Chickens, turkeys, and quail serve as natural hosts. There are six species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: Marek's disease, which causes asymmetric paralysis of one or more limbs, neurological symptoms, and development of multiple lymphomas that manifest as solid tumors. Gallid herpesvirus 2 (also known as Marek's disease virus) is the only one of these viruses known to be pathogenic and due to the antigenic similarity between the three viruses the other two have been used to vaccinate against Marek's disease. These viruses have double stranded DNA genomes with no RNA intermediate. Species The genus consists of the following six species: * ''Mardivirus anatidalpha1'', also called Anatid alphaherpesvirus 1 * ''Mardivirus columbidalpha1'', also called Columbid alphaherpesvirus 1 * ''Mardivirus gallidalpha2'', a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scutavirus
''Scutavirus'' is a genus of viruses in the order ''Herpesvirales'', in the family ''Herpesviridae'', in the subfamily ''Alphaherpesvirinae ''Alphaherpesvirinae'' is a subfamily of viruses in the family ''Herpesviridae'', primarily distinguished by reproducing more quickly than other subfamilies in the ''Herpesviridae''. In animal virology the most important herpesviruses belong to ...''. Turtles and tortoises serve as natural hosts. Diseases associated with this genus include fibropapillomatosis. Species The genus consists of the following species: * '' Scutavirus chelonidalpha5'', also called Chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 * '' Scutavirus testudinidalpha3'', also called Testudinid alphaherpesvirus 3 Structure Viruses in ''Scutavirus'' are enveloped, with icosahedral, spherical to pleomorphic, and round geometries, and T=16 symmetry. The diameter is around 150-200 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented. Life cycle Viral replication is nuclear, and is lyso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Human Alphaherpesvirus 3
Varicella zoster virus (VZV), also known as human herpesvirus 3 (HHV-3, HHV3), is one of nine known herpes viruses that can infect humans. It causes chickenpox (varicella) commonly affecting children and young adults, and shingles (herpes zoster) in adults but rarely in children. As a late complication of VZV infection, Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 2 may develop in rare cases. VZV infections are species-specific to humans. The virus can survive in external environments for a few hours. VZV multiplies in the tonsils, and causes a wide variety of symptoms. Similar to the herpes simplex viruses, after primary infection with VZV (chickenpox), the virus lies dormant in neurons, including the cranial nerve ganglia, dorsal root ganglia, and autonomic ganglia. Many years after the person has recovered from initial chickenpox infection, VZV can ''reactivate'' to cause shingles. Epidemiology Chickenpox Primary varicella zoster virus infection results in chickenpox (varicella), which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electron Micrograph
A micrograph is an image, captured photographically or digitally, taken through a microscope or similar device to show a magnify, magnified image of an object. This is opposed to a macrograph or photomacrograph, an image which is also taken on a microscope but is only slightly magnified, usually less than 10 times. Micrography is the practice or art of using microscopes to make photographs. A photographic micrograph is a photomicrograph, and one taken with an electron microscope is an electron micrograph. A micrograph contains extensive details of microstructure. A wealth of information can be obtained from a simple micrograph like behavior of the material under different conditions, the phases found in the system, failure analysis, grain size estimation, elemental analysis and so on. Micrographs are widely used in all fields of microscopy. Types Photomicrograph A light micrograph or photomicrograph is a micrograph prepared using an optical microscope, a process referred to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Committee On Taxonomy Of Viruses
The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) authorizes and organizes the taxonomic classification of and the nomenclature for viruses. The ICTV develops a universal taxonomic scheme for viruses, and thus has the means to appropriately describe, name, and classify every virus taxon. The members of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses are considered expert virologists. The ICTV was formed from and is governed by the Virology Division of the International Union of Microbiological Societies. Detailed work, such as identifying new taxa and delimiting the boundaries of species, genera, families, etc. typically is performed by study groups of experts in the families. History The International Committee on Nomenclature of Viruses (ICNV) was established in 1966, at the International Congress for Microbiology in Moscow, to standardize the naming of virus taxa. The ICVN published its first report in 1971. For viruses infecting vertebrates, the first report i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
