Los Buzzardos

John Anthony White (; born July 9, 1975) is an American musician who achieved international fame as the guitarist and lead singer of the rock duo the White Stripes. As the White Stripes disbanded, he sought success with his solo career, subsequent collaborations, and business ventures.

After moonlighting in several underground Detroit bands as a drummer, White founded the White Stripes with fellow Detroit native and then-wife Meg White in 1997. Their 2001 breakthrough album, ''White Blood Cells'', brought them international fame with the single and accompanying music video for "Fell in Love with a Girl". White subsequently began collaborating with artists such as Loretta Lynn and Bob Dylan. In 2005, White founded the Raconteurs with Brendan Benson; in 2009, White founded the Dead Weather with Alison Mosshart of the Kills. In 2008, he recorded " Another Way to Die", the title song for the 2008 James Bond film ''Quantum of Solace'', alongside Alicia Keys, making them the only duet to perform a Bond theme.

As a solo artist, White has released six solo studio albums, which have garnered critical and commercial success. He is a board member of the Library of Congress' National Recording Preservation Foundation. His record label and studio Third Man Records releases vinyl recordings of his own work as well as that of other artists and local school children. His second studio album, ''Lazaretto'' (2014), broke the record for most first-week vinyl sales since 1991, holding that record until 2021. White has an extensive collection of guitars and other instruments and has a preference for vintage items that often have connections to famous blues artists. He is a vocal advocate for analog technology and recording techniques.

A key artist of the 2000s garage rock revival, White is known for his distinctive musical techniques and eccentricity. He has won 12 Grammy Awards among other accolades. ''Rolling Stone'' included him on their 2010 and 2023 lists of the greatest guitarists of all time. ''The New York Times'' called White "the coolest, weirdest, ndsavviest rock star of our time" in 2012. He will be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2025 as a member of the White Stripes.

Early life

John Anthony Gillis was born in Detroit, Michigan, on July 9, 1975, the youngest of ten children of Teresa (née Bandyke; born 1930) and Gorman M. Gillis.(May 31, 2014)
"Gorman Gillis: Father of Detroit musician"
, ''Detroit Free Press''. Retrieved June 6, 2014. His mother's family was Polish,Male, Andrew (July 2007), "The Mojo Interview". MOJO. (164):48. while his father was Scottish-Canadian.Rayner, Ben (February 21, 2010), "Red, white and new—Seeing sights, wooing strangers", ''Toronto Star''. He was raised a Catholic, and both of his parents worked for the Archdiocese of Detroit as the building maintenance superintendent and secretary in the cardinal's office, respectively. Gillis became an altar boy, which landed him an uncredited role in the 1987 movie '' The Rosary Murders'', filmed mainly at Most Holy Redeemer parish in southwest Detroit.Fricke, David (September 8, 2005)
"White on White"
''Rolling Stone'' (982): 66–72. He attended Cass Technical High School in Detroit.

Gillis' early musical influences were his older brothers, who were in a band together called Catalyst. He learned to play the instruments they abandoned; he began playing the drums in the first grade after finding a kit in the attic.Scaggs, Austin (May 1, 2003)
Jack White profile
(archived). ''Rolling Stone''. (921):16. As a child, he was a fan of classical music, but in elementary school, he began listening to the Doors, Pink Floyd, and Led Zeppelin. As a "shorthaired eenagerwith braces", Gillis began listening to the blues and 1960s rock that influenced him in the White Stripes, with Son House and Blind Willie McTell being among his favorite blues guitarists. He has said in interviews that Son House's "Grinnin' in Your Face" is his favorite song of all time. As a drummer, his heroes include Gene Krupa, Stewart Copeland, and Crow Smith from Flat Duo Jets.

In 2005, on ''60 Minutes'', he told Mike Wallace that his life could have turned out differently. "I'd got accepted to a seminary in Wisconsin, and I was gonna become a priest, but at the last second I thought, 'I'll just go to public school.' I had just gotten a new amplifier in my bedroom, and I didn't think I was allowed to take it with me."Wallace, Mike (2005)
"Choosing Music Over Religion"
. CBS News. Retrieved January 24, 2006. Instead, he was accepted into Cass Technical High School as a business major, and played the drums and trombone in the band., "Red, White, and Cool"
, McCollum, Brian (September 2003), ''Spin''. 19(9):68–74.Nunez, Jessica (July 26, 2010)
"Jack White on Cass Tech: 'It does hurt to see your high school boarded up like that'"
mlive.com. Retrieved July 26, 2010. At 15, he began a three-year upholstery apprenticeship with a family friend, Brian Muldoon. He credits Muldoon with exposing him to punk music as they worked together in the shop. Muldoon goaded his young apprentice into forming a band: "He played drums", Gillis thought. "Well I guess I'll play guitar then." The two recorded an album, ''Makers of High Grade Suites,'' as the Upholsterers.

As a senior in high school, he met Meg White at the Memphis Smoke restaurant where she worked; together, they frequented the coffee shops, local music venues, and record stores of the area. After a courtship, they married on September 21, 1996.Brown, Jake (May 23, 2002)
"White Stripes Marriage License"
. GloriousNoise.com. Retrieved December 11, 2007. In a reversal of tradition, he legally took her last name.Lewis, Tim (May 31, 2014)
"Jack White: 'I'm like Larry David, Alan Partridge and Chris Rock in one person'"
. ''The Observer''. Retrieved August 7, 2014.

After completing his apprenticeship, he started a one-man business of his own, Third Man Upholstery. The slogan of his business was "Your Furniture's Not Dead" and the color scheme was yellow and black—including a yellow van, a yellow-and-black uniform, and a yellow clipboard. Although Third Man Upholstery never lacked business, he claims it was unprofitable due to his complacency about money and his business practices that were perceived as unprofessional, including making bills out in crayon and writing poetry inside the furniture.de la Manzana, Tobias (May 2003)
"Jack White: Your Furniture Is Not Dead"
''The Believer''. Retrieved April 12, 2006.

Career

1994–2004: Breakthrough with the White Stripes

At 19 years old, Jack had landed his first professional gig as the drummer for the Detroit band Goober & the Peas, and was still in that position when the band broke up in 1996. It was in this band that he learned about touring and performing onstage. After the band's split, he settled into working as an upholsterer by day while moonlighting in local bands, as well as performing solo shows. Though a bartender by trade, Meg began to learn to play the drums in 1997 and, according to Jack, "When she started to play drums with me, just on a lark, it felt liberating and refreshing." The couple became a band, calling themselves the White Stripes.

Two months later after forming, Jack and Meg performed their first show at the Gold Dollar in Detroit. Despite being married, they publicly presented themselves as siblings.Heaney, Mick (April 28, 2002), "The White Stripes". ''The Sunday Times''.Powers, Ann (February 27, 2001),
Pop Review – Intellectualizing the Music Or Simply Experiencing It
". Retrieved August 29, 2014. They kept to a chromatic theme, dressing only in red, white, and black.Killingsworth, Jason (July 27, 2007)

''Paste Magazine''. Retrieved August 5, 2014. They began their career as part of Michigan's underground garage rock music scene. They played along with and opened for more established local bands such as Bantam Rooster, the Dirtbombs, Two-Star Tabernacle, Rocket 455, and the Hentchmen. In 1998, the White Stripes were signed to Italy Records—a small and independent Detroit-based garage punk label—by Dave Buick. The band released its eponymous debut album in 1999, and a year later the album was followed up by the cult classic ''De Stijl''. The album eventually peaked at number 38 in ''Billboard''s Independent Albums chart.

In 2001, the band released ''White Blood Cells''. The album's stripped-down garage rock sound drew critical acclaim in the US and beyond, making the White Stripes one of the more acclaimed bands of 2002; it also made the White Stripes forefront figures in the garage band revival of the time. John Peel, an influential DJ and the band's early advocate in the UK, said they were the most exciting thing he'd heard since Jimi Hendrix. ''The New York Times'' said of White, "beneath the arty facade lies one of the most cagey, darkly original rockers to come along since Kurt Cobain."Hagan, Joe (August 12, 2001),
Hurling Your Basic Rock at the Arty Crowd
". ''The New York Times''. Retrieved August 30, 2014.

''White Blood Cells'' was followed up in 2003 by the commercially and critically successful ''Elephant''. The critic at AllMusic wrote that the album "sounds even more pissed-off, paranoid and stunning than its predecessor ... darker and more difficult than ''White Blood Cells''". The album's first single, "Seven Nation Army", became the band's signature song,Wilkinson, Alec (March 13, 2017)
"Jack White's Infinite Imagination"
. ''The New Yorker''. Retrieved March 6, 2017. reaching number one on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart for three weeks, winning the 2004 Grammy Award for Best Rock Song, and becoming an international sporting and protest anthem.Goodman, Amy (February 1, 2011)
"Mubarak is Our Berlin Wall": Egyptian Columnist Mona Eltahawy on How the Youth Drove the Uprising in Cairo and Implications for Democracy in the Region"
. ''Democracy Now!.'' Retrieved October 11, 2014.Petridis, Alexis (April 13, 2012)
"Jack White: 'I don't like to take the easy way out, on anything I do'"
, ''The Guardian''. Retrieved October 22, 2014. Rumors began to circulate in 2003 that White had collaborated with Electric Six for their song " Danger! High Voltage".Laurence, Alexander (August 2003)
"Electric Six Interview"
''Free Williamsburg''. Retrieved May 17, 2006. He and the Electric Six both denied this, and the vocal work was credited officially to John S O'Leary. Later, Dick Valentine and Corey Martin (Electric Six band members) said White was involved but not paid. White worked with Loretta Lynn on her 2004 album ''Van Lear Rose'', which he produced and performed on.Greenblatt, Leah (April 15, 2011), "Catching Up With Jack White." ''Entertainment Weekly''. 1150:88. The album was a critical and commercial success.

2004–2009: Founding of The Raconteurs and The Dead Weather

The White Stripes' fifth album, ''Get Behind Me Satan'', was recorded in White's own home and marked a change in the band's musical direction, with piano-driven melodies and experimentation with marimba and a more rhythm-based guitar playing by White. It was released on June 7, 2005, to critical acclaim. Also in 2005, while collaborating with Brendan Benson—a fellow Michigan native whom White had worked with before—they composed a song called "Steady, as She Goes". This inspired them to create a full band, and they invited Jack Lawrence and Patrick Keeler of the Greenhornes to join them in what would become The Raconteurs. The musicians met in Benson's home studio in Detroit and, for the remainder of the year, they recorded when time allowed. The result was the band's debut album, ''Broken Boy Soldiers'', released in 2006. Reaching the Top Ten charts in both the US and the UK, it was nominated for Best Rock Album at the 2006 Grammy Awards. The lead single, "Steady, As She Goes" was nominated for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal.(October 4, 2012)
"Jack White Visits The Gramnmy Museum"
, National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Retrieved March 31, 2015. The Raconteurs set out on tour to support the album, including eight dates as the opening act for Bob Dylan.

The White Stripes' sixth album, ''Icky Thump'', was released in 2007; unlike their previous lo-fi albums, it was recorded at Blackbird Studio in Nashville. The album was regarded as a return to the band's earlier blues and garage-rock sound.Pastorek, Whitney (May 25, 2007), "Changing Their Stripes." ''Entertainment Weekly''. (935):40-44. It debuted at number two on the US ''Billboard'' 200 chart, and entered the UK Albums Chart at number one, selling over 300,000 vinyl copies in England alone. Of his excitement for vinyl, White explained, "We can't afford to lose the feeling of cracking open a new record and looking at large artwork and having something you can hold in your hands." In support of the album, they launched a Canadian tour, in which they played a gig in every one of the country's provinces and territories. However, later that year, the band announced the cancellation of 18 tour dates due to Meg's struggle with acute anxiety. A few days later, the duo canceled the remainder of their 2007 UK tour dates as well.(September 13, 2007)
"The White Stripes cancel UK tour"
. BBC. Retrieved November 24, 2014.

In 2008, White returned to work with The Raconteurs for their second album, '' Consolers of the Lonely''. The album and its first single, " Salute Your Solution", were released simultaneously on March 25, 2008. The album reached number seven on the ''Billboard'' 200 chart, and received a Grammy nomination for Best Rock Album. Later on in 2008, White collaborated with Alicia Keys on the song " Another Way to Die", the theme song for the James Bond film ''Quantum of Solace''.

While on tour to promote ''Consolers of the Lonely'', White developed bronchitis and often lost his voice. Alison Mosshart, the frontwoman for the Kills (who was touring with the Raconteurs at the time) would often fill in as his vocal replacement. The chemistry between the two artists led them to collaborate, and in early 2009, White formed a new group called the Dead Weather. Mosshart sang, White played drums and shared vocal duties, Jack Lawrence of the Raconteurs played bass, and the Queens of the Stone Age keyboardist and guitarist Dean Fertita rounded out the four-piece. The group debuted a handful of new tracks on March 11, 2009, in Nashville from their debut album '' Horehound''. It came out on July 13, 2009, in Europe and July 14, 2009, in North America on White's Third Man Records label.

2009–2011: Breakup of the White Stripes

White revealed that the White Stripes were planning to release a seventh album by the summer of 2009. On February 20, 2009 (and during the final episode of ''Late Night with Conan O'Brien''), the band made their first live appearance after the cancellation of the ''Icky Thump'' tour, and a documentary about their Canadian tour—titled '' The White Stripes: Under Great White Northern Lights''—debuted later that year at the Toronto International Film Festival.

In October 2009, Mosshart confirmed that the second Dead Weather album was "halfway done", and the first single, " Die by the Drop", was released on March 30, 2010. The new album (again on the Third Man Records label) was titled ''Sea of Cowards'' and was released on May 7 of that year in Ireland, on May 10 in the United Kingdom, and on May 11 in the U.S. In 2009, Jack White was featured in ''It Might Get Loud,'' a film in which he, Jimmy Page, and the Edge come together to discuss the electric guitar and each artist's different playing methods.Cieply, Michael (September 8, 2008)
"All Ears on Screen: Music Plays Major Role at Toronto Festival"
. ''The New York Times''. 157:54,427(1) White's first solo single, " Fly Farm Blues", was written and recorded in 10 minutes during the filming of the movie that August.Lyda, Mark (August 13, 2009)
"Jack White Writes and Performs Song in Ten Minutes"
. PrefixMag.com. Retrieved November 7, 2014. The single went on sale as a 7-inch vinyl record from Third Man Records and as a digital single available through iTunes on August 11, 2010. In November 2010, producer Danger Mouse announced that White—along with Norah Jones—had been recruited for his collaboration with Daniele Luppi entitled ''Rome''. White provided vocals to three songs on the album: "The Rose with the Broken Neck", "Two Against One", and "The World".

After almost two years with no new releases, the White Stripes reported on their official website on February 2, 2011, that they were disbanding. White emphasized that it was not due to health issues or artistic differences, "but mostly to preserve what is beautiful and special about the band".

White finished and performed the song "You Know That I Know", and it was featured on '' The Lost Notebooks of Hank Williams'', released on October 4, 2011. In that same year, he produced and played on Wanda Jackson's album ''The Party Ain't Over''.Inskeep, Steve (January 25, 2011), "Wanda Jackson: Her Party Ain't Over". ''Morning Edition''. To her delight, his studio also released the album on a 7-inch vinyl. White also appeared on ''AHK-toong BAY-bi Covered'', performing a cover of U2's "Love Is Blindness".

2012–2015: Solo career beginnings

On January 30, 2012, White released "Love Interruption" as the first single off his debut, self-produced solo album, ''Blunderbuss'', which was released on April 24, 2012. The album ultimately debuted number one on the Billboard 200 chart, and in support of the album, he appeared on ''Saturday Night Live'' as the musical guest and played at select festivals during the summer of 2012, including the Firefly Music Festival, Radio 1's Hackney Weekend, the Sasquatch! Music Festival, the Fuji Rock Festival in Japan (one of the biggest festivals in the world), and Rock Werchter in Belgium. Later in the year, he headlined the Austin City Limits Music Festival. During his tour for the album, White employed two live bands, which he alternated between at random. The first, called the Peacocks, was all-female and consisted of Ruby Amanfu, Carla Azar, Lillie Mae Rische, Maggie Björklund, Brooke Waggoner, and alternating bassists Bryn Davies and Catherine Popper.Flotat, Raymond (June 1, 2012)
"Ferocious: Jack White and The Peacocks Live at The Wiltern Theatre Los Angeles 5/31/12"
. MXDWN.com. Retrieved November 4, 2014. The other, the Buzzards, was all male and consisted of Daru Jones, Dominic Davis, Fats Kaplin, Ikey Owens, and Cory Younts. White said maintaining two bands was too expensive, and abandoned the practice at the conclusion of the tour. ''Blunderbuss'' was ultimately nominated for several Grammys, including Album of the Year, Best Rock Album, and Best Rock Song for "Freedom at 21".

On April 1, 2014, White announced his second solo album, ''Lazaretto'', inspired by plays and poetry he had written as a teen.Caulfield, Keith (June 28, 2014), "Jack White's Vinyl Victory", Billboard 126 (21):55. It was released on June 10, 2014, simultaneously with the first single off the album, "High Ball Stepper". The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 chart and, in a personal triumph for White, broke the record for the largest sales week for a vinyl album since SoundScan began tracking sales in 1991. The album was widely praised among critics, and was nominated for three Grammy Awards: Best Alternative Music Album, Best Rock Song and Best Rock Performance (for the song "Lazaretto"). During the supporting tour, he performed the longest show of his career on July 30, 2014, at the Detroit Masonic Temple, and later performed as one of the headliners at the Coachella Festival over two weekends in April 2015. On April 14, 2015, White announced that the festival would be his last electric set, followed by one acoustic show in each of the five U.S. states he had yet to perform in, before taking a prolonged break from live performances. However, he performed on the inaugural episode of the radio show ''A Prairie Home Companion'' with the new host, Chris Thile, on October 15, 2016, in support of his compilation album ''Acoustic Recordings 1998–2016''. He co-wrote the song "Don't Hurt Yourself " with Beyoncé on her album ''Lemonade'', and accompanied her on the vocals.

The Dead Weather announced their third album, '' Dodge & Burn'', in July 2015 for a worldwide release in September by Third Man Records. Along with four previously released tracks, remixed and remastered, the album features eight new songs.

2017–2023: Experimental period

Ahead of his next effort, White worked in isolation and without a cell phone; he rented an apartment in Nashville, recorded quietly so no one would know what he was working on, and slept on an army cot. He drew inspiration from rap artists of the 1980s and 1990s (as well as A Tribe Called Quest, Kanye West, and Nicki Minaj), and chose his backing musicians from talent that had played in live shows supporting hip-hop artists. On December 12, 2017, he released a four-minute video titled "Servings and Portions from my Boarding House Reach", which featured short sound bites of new music interspersed with white noise. In January 2018, White released " Connected by Love", taken from his third solo album '' Boarding House Reach'', which was released on March 23, 2018. Like its two preceding albums, it landed at number one on the Billboard 200 chart. In promotion of the album, White appeared on ''The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon'' and on ''Saturday Night Live'' as the musical guest, playing "Over and Over and Over" and "Connected by Love". White released ''Jack White: Kneeling at The Anthem D.C.'', his first concert film as a solo artist, on September 21, 2018, exclusively on Amazon Prime Video.

The Raconteurs reunited in 2018 with the release of two singles. They released their third studio album, ''Help Us Stranger'', in 2019. The band went on a hiatus in 2014, though at the time Benson believed that they were split. Critically praised, the album was followed by a US tour.

In October 2021, White released " Taking Me Back"—his first solo single since 2018—which appeared in the video game '' Call of Duty: Vanguard''. In November 2021, White announced that he planned to release two solo albums in 2022: '' Fear of the Dawn'', featuring White's traditional rock sound, on April 8, and ''Entering Heaven Alive'', a folk album, on July 22. White released a video for "Taking Me Back" on November 11, 2022. White released three more singles from ''Fear of the Dawn'': the title track on January 18, 2022, " Hi-De-Ho" on March 3, and "What's the Trick?" on April 7 (the day before the album released). Each of these singles was backed by a track from ''Entering Heaven Alive'', promoting both albums in tandem. Together, the albums were named the dual number one album of the year by Rough Trade UK. In December 2021, White announced the Supply Chain Issues Tour, which went on throughout North America and Europe and Asia, reaching a total of 103 shows. It kicked off with its first concert on April 8, 2022, in Detroit, Michigan – during which White proposed to his girlfriend Olivia Jean, with the two marrying onstage – and ended on February 24, 2023, in Aspen, Colorado. The tour covered North America and Europe, and. White performed on ''Saturday Night Live'' on February 25, 2023. He played two songs from his ''Fear of the Dawn'' album and was presented with a jacket for being a Five-Timer on the show.

2024–present: ''No Name'' and beyond

On July 19, 2024, White distributed test pressings of his upcoming sixth solo studio album by secretly including copies of it with purchases made at Third Man Records locations. Select tracks from the mysterious new album premiered on the WDET radio station that same day. White later announced the album to be called ''No Name'', which was released on August 2, 2024. It received acclaim from critics, who noted his return to blues, the album's raw nature and the similarity to the sound he championed with the White Stripes. The ''Detroit Free Press'' said White's album-release methodology "made a stand for rock mystique". White commenced the “No Name Tour” on July 27, 2024. Shows on the first leg of the tour took place in small, club-like venues and were announced only days before they happened. The first leg of the tour consisted of 43 ticketed shows in the United States, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, South Korea, and the United Kingdom. On November 15, 2024, White announced the second leg of the tour, consisting of 52 higher-ticketed shows in another eight countries, from November 17, 2024, to May 24, 2025. As of December 14, 2024, all but 5 of White's 2025 tour dates have sold out.

Other ventures

Film and television work

White has also had a minor acting career. He appeared in the 2003 film '' Cold Mountain'' as a character named Georgia and performed five songs for the '' Cold Mountain soundtrack'': "Sittin' on Top of the World", "Wayfaring Stranger", "Never Far Away", "Christmas Time Soon Will Be Over" and "Great High Mountain". The 2003 Jim Jarmusch film ''Coffee and Cigarettes'' featured both Jack and Meg in the segment "Jack Shows Meg His Tesla Coil". He also played Elvis Presley in the 2007 satire '' Walk Hard: The Dewey Cox Story''. In 2016, he appeared as a special guest on the season one finale of ''The Muppets'', and sang "You Are the Sunshine of My Life", which he later released on 7-inch vinyl. In June 2017, White appeared in the documentary film ''The American Epic Sessions,'' recording on the first electrical sound recording system from the 1920s. His performances of "Matrimonial Intentions", "Mama's Angel Child", "2 Fingers of Whiskey (with Elton John) and "On the Road Again' and "One Mic" (with Nas) appeared on '' Music from The American Epic Sessions: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack.'' He was an executive producer of the film. He had an uncredited role in '' The Rosary Murders'' as an altar boy.

Third Man Records

White co-founded Third Man Records in 2001 with Ben Swank, formerly of the Ohio-based Soledad Brothers band. However, it was not until after he moved to Nashville that White purchased a space in 2009 to house his label. He explained, "For the longest time I did not want to have my own studio gear, mostly because with the White Stripes I wanted to have the constriction of going into a studio and having a set time of 10 days or two weeks to finish an album, and using whatever gear they happen to have there. After 10 to 15 years of recording like that I felt that it was finally time for me to have my own place to produce music, and have exactly what I want in there: the exact tape machines, the exact microphones, the exact amplifiers that I like, and so on." Using the slogan "Your Turntable's Not Dead",Eells, Josh (April 5, 2012)
"Jack Outside the Box"
, ''The New York Times''. Retrieved October 15, 2014. Third Man also presses vinyl records,(November 15, 2007). ''Rolling Stone''. 1039:150. for the artists on its label, for White's own musical ventures, as well as for third parties for hire.Marc Maron (June 8, 2012).
Jack White
". ''WTF With Marc Maron''. Season 2. Episode 289. 31:24 minutes in.

In March 2015, Third Man joined in the launch of TIDAL, a music streaming service that Jay-Z purchased and co-owns with other major music artists. Later that year, White partnered with the watch manufacturer Shinola to open a retail location in Detroit.Doerr, Elizabeth (June 2, 2015)
"Jack White And Shinola Purchase Flagship Building in Detroit's Cass Corridor"
. ''Forbes''. Retrieved July 14, 2015.

Philanthropy

White has provided financial support to institutions in his hometown of Detroit. In 2009, White donated almost $170,000 towards the renovation of the baseball diamond in southwest Detroit's Clark Park. The Detroit Masonic Temple was nearly foreclosed on in 2013 after it was revealed that owners owed $142,000 in back taxes. In June 2013, it was revealed that White had footed the entire bill. To thank him for the donation, the temple has decided to rename its second largest theater the Jack White Theater.

The National Recording Preservation Foundation received an inaugural gift of $200,000 from White to use toward restoring and preserving deteriorating sound recordings on media such as reel-to-reel tape and old cylinders.O'Neal Parker, Lonnae (July 28, 2013)
"Jack White's gift boosts launch of National Recording Preservation Foundation".
''The Washington Post''. Retrieved October 9, 2014. The foundation's director, Eric J. Schwartz said the donation demonstrated a "commitment by a really busy songwriter and performer donating both his time on the board, and money to preserve our national song recording heritage". White also serves on the foundation's board.

In July 2016, White joined Nashville's 45-member Gender Equality Council.

On September 18, 2018, White donated $30,000 to The Outsiders House Museum for its preservation and restoration.

On May 3, 2019, Wayne State University of Detroit, Michigan awarded White with an honorary doctor of humane letters degree "for his dedication to Detroit and significant contributions to the arts as one of the most prolific and renowned artists of the past two decades".

Fender partnership

White released a signature amp with Fender called the Fender Jack White Pano Verb, and a hot-rod Jack White TripleCaster Telecaster and a Jack White TripleSonic Acoustasonic guitar.

Artistry

Instruments and equipment

White owns many instruments and, historically, has tended to use certain ones for specific projects or in certain settings. He has a preference for vintage guitars, many of which are associated with influential blues artists. Much of his equipment is custom-made, for both technical and aesthetic reasons. White is a proficient guitar, bass, mandolin, percussion and piano player.

During his career with the White Stripes, White principally used three guitars, though he used others as well. The first was a vintage 1964 red Airline " JB Hutto" model originally distributed by Montgomery Ward department store.Robinson, Mike (April 14, 2014)
"A Brief History Of Jack White's Guitar Collection"
. MyRareGuitars.com. Retrieved October 7, 2014.(September 19, 2014)
"Jack White's Guitars and Gear"
. GroundGuitar.com. Retrieved October 23, 2014. Though used by several artists, White's attachment to the instrument raised its popularity to the extent that Eastwood Guitars began producing a modified replica around 2000. The 1950s-era Kay Hollowbody was a gift from his brother in return for a favor. It was the same brand of electric guitar made popular by Howlin' Wolf, and White most famously used it on "Seven Nation Army". He began using a 1915 Gibson L-1 acoustic (often called the Robert Johnson model) during the ''Get Behind Me Satan'' Tour; in an interview for Gibson, he called the instrument his favorite. He also used a three-pickup Airline Town & Country (later featured in the "Steady As She Goes" music video),"Jack White"
, Equipboard.com. Retrieved October 20, 2014. a Harmony Rocket, a 1970s-era Crestwood Astral II, and what would become the first of three custom Gretsch Rancher Falcon acoustic guitars. While with the Stripes, any equipment that did not match their red/black/white color scheme was painted red.

On Black Friday in 2013, Third Man Records diversified and launched the Bumble Buzz pedal an octave fuzz built for Third Man by Vancouver, British Columbia's Union Tube and Transistor. In 2014, the pedal was reviewed by Premier Guitar, and is found in Jack's pedal setup.

While the Raconteurs were still in development, White commissioned luthier Randy Parsons to create what White called the Triple Jet—a custom guitar styled after the Duo Jet double-cutaway guitar.McKenzie, Thomas Scott (August 1, 2010)
Parsons Guitars
. ''Premier Guitar''. Retrieved November 13, 2014. Parsons's first product was painted copper color. However, he decided to create a second version with a completely copper body, which White began to use instead. For the Raconteurs first tour, White also played a Gretsch Anniversary Jr. with a Bigsby vibrato tailpiece and three Filtertron pickups. He later added a custom Gretsch Anniversary Jr. with two cutaways, a lever-activated mute system, a built-in and retractable bullet microphone, and a light-activated theremin next to the Bigsby. White has dubbed this one the "Green Machine", and it is featured in ''It Might Get Loud''. He sometimes played a Gibson J-160E, a Gretsch Duo Jet in Cadillac Green, and a second Gretsch Rancher acoustic guitar. For the Raconteurs' 2008 tour, he had Analog Man plate all of his pedals in copper.(November 11, 2009)
"Jack White's Pedalboards: From White Stripes to The Dead Weather"
. DolphinMusic.co.uk. Retrieved October 20, 2014. In 2020 White completed his Three-Wheel-Motion Low Rider - which is a highly customized Fender Telecaster B-Bender guitar.

He has since acquired another Gretsch, a custom white "Billy Bo" Jupiter Thunderbird with a gold double pickguard (as seen in the music video for "Another Way to Die"). White found a 1957 Gretsch G6134 White Penguin in 2007 while on tour in Texas—the same one he used in the music video for "Icky Thump"—which ultimately fit in with the Dead Weather's color scheme. He also uses a black left-handed one since the Dead Weather album ''Sea of Cowards'' came out. He has also been known to play Fender Telecasters, featuring one in the music video for Loretta Lynn's "Portland, Oregon".

White owns three Gretsch Rancher Falcons because he says that its bass tones make it his favorite acoustic to play live. They are collectively referred to as his "girlfriends", as each one has an image of a classic movie star on the back. Claudette Colbert is the brunette he used while with the Stripes, Rita Hayworth is the redhead he acquired with the Raconteurs, and Veronica Lake is the blonde he added in 2010 while with the Dead Weather.

Since 2018, White has been playing EVH Wolfgang guitars, which are Eddie Van Halen's signature model.

White uses numerous effects to create his live sound, most notably a DigiTech Whammy WH-4 to create the rapid modulations in pitch he uses in his solos.Ratliff, Ben (April 21, 2003)
"Rock Review: Contradictory and Proud of It"
. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved May 2, 2006. White also produces a "fake" bass tone by playing the Kay Hollowbody and JB Hutto Montgomery Airline guitars through a Whammy IV set to one octave down for a very thick, low, rumbling sound, which he uses most notably on the song "Seven Nation Army". He also uses an MXR Micro Amp and custom Electro-Harmonix Big Muff Distortion/Sustainer. In 2005, for the single "Blue Orchid", White employed an Electro-Harmonix Polyphonic Octave Generator (POG), which let him mix in several octave effects into one along with the dry signal.Leslie, Jimmy (September 9, 2010)
"Jack White Mega Sonic On The Sounds That Drive The White Stripes Raconteurs and Dead Weather"
. ''Guitar Player''. Retrieved March 13, 2015. He plugs this setup into a 1970s Fender Twin Reverb "Silverface" and two 100-Watt Sears Silvertone 1485 6×10 amplifiers. He also used a 1960s Fender Twin Reverb "Blackface".

On occasion, White also plays other instruments, such as a Black Gibson F-4 mandolin ("Little Ghost"), piano (on most tracks from ''Get Behind Me Satan'', and various others), and an electric piano on such tracks as "The Air Near My Fingers" and "I'm Finding it Harder to be a Gentleman". White also plays percussion instruments such as the marimba (as on "The Nurse"), drums and tambourine. For the White Stripes' 2007 tour, he played a custom-finish Hammond A-100 organ with a Leslie 3300 speaker, which was subsequently loaned to Bob Dylan, and currently resides at Third Man Studios. On the album ''Broken Boy Soldiers'', both he and Benson are credited with playing the album's synths and organ.

With the Dead Weather, White plays a custom Ludwig Classic Maple kit in Black Oyster Pearl.Kaufman, Peter "Pistol" (September 2009), "The Dead Weather's Jack White". ''Modern Drummer''. :63-66. Notably, it includes two-snare drums, which White calls "the jazz canon". For the 2009 Full Flash Blank tour, White used a drum head with the Three Brides of Dracula on the front, but in 2010, White employed a new drum head, upon the release of ''Sea of Cowards'', which has an image of The Third Man himself: Harry Lime attempting to escape certain capture in the sewers of Vienna. During the American leg of the 2010 tour, White switched his drum head again featuring a picture of himself in the guise he wore on the cover of ''Sea of Cowards''. This drum head is called Sam Kay by some fans, referring to the insert inside of the 12" LP.

Style and influences

White has long been a proponent of analog equipment and the associated working methods. Beginning in the fifth grade, he and his childhood friend, Dominic Suchyta, would listen to records in White's attic on weekends and began to record cover songs on an old four-track reel-to-reel tape machine. The White Stripes' first album was largely recorded in the attic of his parents' home. As their fame grew beyond Detroit, the Stripes became known for their affected innocence and stripped-down playing style. In particular, White became distinguished for his nasal vocal delivery and loose, explosive guitar delivery. In an early ''New York Times'' concert review from 2001, Ann Powers said that, while White's playing was "ingenious", he "created more challenges by playing an acoustic guitar with paper taped over the hole and a less-than-high-quality solid body electric".

His home studio in Nashville contains two rooms ("I want everyone close, focused, feeling like we're in it together.") with two pieces of equipment: a Neve mixing console, and two Studer A800 2-inch 8-track tape recorders.

In his introduction in the documentary film, ''It Might Get Loud'', White showcases his minimalist style by constructing a guitar built out of a plank of wood, three nails, a glass Coke bottle, a guitar string, and a pickup. He ends the demonstration by saying, "Who says you need to buy a guitar?" In a 2012 episode of the show, ''Portlandia'', White made a cameo in a sketch spoofing home studio enthusiasts who prefer antique recording equipment.

According to Andy Whitman of ''Paste Magazine'': "Although Jack White is frequently compared to Jimmy Page, he has more Neil Young in him than most critics want to admit. A limited technician, White always managed to do more with less than just about any guitarist in rock. ..Recapturing the raw blues power and wattage of classic Zeppelin and Stones albums, White’s guitar squawks, squeals ndsoars."

Image and legacy

Achievements

White has enjoyed both critical and commercial success, and is widely credited as one of the key artists in the garage rock revival of the 2000s. For his various collaborations and solo work, White has won regional, national and international awards, including twelve Grammy Awards (from a total of 33 nominations). Nashville mayor Karl Dean awarded White the title of "Nashville Music City Ambassador" in 2011. ''Rolling Stone'' ranked him number 70 on its 2010 list of "The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time". David Fricke's 2011 list ranked him at number 17. Three of his solo albums have reached number one on the Billboard charts. Interviewers note the wide breadth of the music styles and eras he draws from for inspiration.Boilen, Bob (May 20, 2014)
"Jack White's 'Lazaretto': The All Songs Interview"
. NPR. Retrieved November 12, 2014. In May 2015, the Music City Walk of Fame

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