List Of International Environmental Agreements
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This is a list of international environmental agreements. Most of the following agreements are legally binding for countries that have formally ratified them. Some, such as the
Kyoto Protocol The was an international treaty which extended the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, based on the scientific consensus that global warming is oc ...
, differentiate between types of countries and each nation's respective responsibilities under the agreement. Several hundred
international environmental agreement An international environmental agreement or sometimes environmental protocol, is a type of treaty binding in international law, allowing them to reach an environmental goal. In other words, it is "an intergovernmental document intended as lega ...
s exist but most cover only a limited number of countries. These bilateral or sometimes trilateral agreements are only binding for the countries that have ratified them but are nevertheless essential in the international environmental regime. Including the major conventions listed below, more than 3,000 international environmental instruments have been identified by the IEA Database Project.


Alphabetical order

* Aarhus Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters, Aarhus, 1998 * Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds *
Alpine Convention The Alpine Convention is an international territorial treaty for the sustainable development of the Alps. The objective of the treaty is to protect the natural environment of the Alps while promoting its development. This Framework Convention invo ...
together with its nine protocols *
Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty The Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, also known as the ABM Treaty or ABMT, was an arms control treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union on the limitation of the anti-ballistic missile (ABM) systems used in defending areas against ball ...
(ABM Treaty) (ABMT) * ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution *
Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate The Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate, also known as APP, was an international, voluntary, public-private partnership among Australia, Canada, India, Japan, the People's Republic of China, South Korea, and the United Stat ...
* Barcelona Convention for Protection against Pollution in the Mediterranean Sea, 1976 *
Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal, usually known as the Basel Convention, is an international treaty that was designed to reduce the movements of hazardous waste between nations ...
, Basel, 1989 *
Biological Weapons Convention The Biological Weapons Convention (BWC), or Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC), is a disarmament treaty that effectively bans Biological weapons, biological and toxin weapons by prohibiting their development, production, acquisition, ...
(Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological iologicaland Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction) (BWC) * Bonn Agreement * Carpathian Convention Framework Convention on the Protection and Sustainable Development of the Carpathians * Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety *
Chemical Weapons Convention The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), officially the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction, is an arms control treaty administered by the Organisation for ...
* China Australia Migratory Bird Agreement *Coastal Marine and Island Biodiversity Conservation Project (Eritrea) *
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) is a multilateral treaty to ban nuclear weapons test explosions and any other nuclear explosions, for both civilian and military purposes, in all environments. It was adopted by the United Nati ...
(CTBT), 1996 *
Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources The Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, also known as the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, and CCAMLR, is part of the Antarctic Treaty System. The convention was opened for s ...
(CCAMLR), Canberra, 1980 ** Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora **
Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources The Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, also known as the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, and CCAMLR, is part of the Antarctic Treaty System. The convention was opened for s ...
Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources
** Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic SealsConvention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals
** Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty * Convention for Co-operation in the Protection and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the West and Central African Region, Abidjan, 198 *
Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region The Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region, commonly called the Cartagena Convention, is an international agreement for the protection of the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and a ...
, Cartagena de Indias, 1983 * Convention of the Protection, Management and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the Eastern African Region, Nairobi, 1985 * Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and Coastal Area of the South-east Pacific, Lima, 1981 * Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-east Atlantic (OSPAR Convention), Paris, 1992 * Convention for the Protection of the Natural Resources and Environment of the South Pacific Region, Nouméa, 1986 * Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency (Assistance Convention), Vienna, 1986 * Convention on the Ban of the Import into Africa and the Control of Transboundary Movements and Management of Hazardous Wastes within Africa, Bamako, 1991 *
Convention on Biological Diversity The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), known informally as the Biodiversity Convention, is a multilateral treaty. The Convention has three main goals: the conservation of biological diversity (or biodiversity); the sustainable use of its ...
(CBD), Nairobi, 1992 *
Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons The United Nations Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW or CCWC), concluded at Geneva on October 10, 1980, and entered into force in December 1983, seeks to prohibit or restrict the use of certain conventional weapons which are cons ...
* Convention on Civil Liability for Damage Caused during Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road, Rail, and Inland Navigation Vessels (CRTD), Geneva, 1989 * Convention on Cluster Munitions * Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats *
Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, also known as the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) or the Bonn Convention, is an international agreement that aims to conserve migratory species throughout their r ...
(CMS), Bonn, 1979 * Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident (Notification Convention), Vienna, 1986 *
Convention on Fishing and Conservation of Living Resources of the High Seas The Convention on Fishing and Conservation of Living Resources of the High Seas is an agreement that was designed to solve through international cooperation the problems involved in the conservation of living resources of the high seas, consideri ...
*
Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna CITES (shorter acronym for the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, also known as the Washington Convention) is a multilateral treaty to protect endangered plants and animals from the threats of inte ...
(CITES), Washington, DC, 1973 * Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution
Convention on Nature Protection and Wild Life Preservation in the Western Hemisphere
Washington, DC, 1940 * Convention on Nuclear Safety, Vienna, 1994 ** EMEP Protocol ** Heavy Metals Protocol ** Multi-effect Protocol (Gothenburg protocol) ** Nitrogen Oxide Protocol ** POP Air Pollution Protocol **Sulphur Emissions Reduction Protocols
1985 The year 1985 was designated as the International Youth Year by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 ** The Internet's Domain Name System is created. ** Greenland withdraws from the European Economic Community as a result of a n ...
and
1994 The year 1994 was designated as the " International Year of the Family" and the "International Year of Sport and the Olympic Ideal" by the United Nations. In the Line Islands and Phoenix Islands of Kiribati, 1994 had only 364 days, omitti ...
** Volatile Organic Compounds Protocol * Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping Wastes and Other Matter * Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques * Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes (ECE Water Convention), Helsinki, 1992 * Convention on the Protection of the Black Sea against Pollution, Bucharest, 1992 * Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area 1992 Helsinki Convention, Helsinki, 1992 * Convention on the Transboundary Effects of Industrial Accidents, Helsinki, 1992 * Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially As Waterfowl Habitat (notably not a Multilateral Environmental Agreement) *Waigani Convention, Convention to Ban the Importation into Forum Island Countries of Hazardous and Radioactive Wastes and to Control the Transboundary Movement and Management of Hazardous Wastes within the South Pacific Region, Waigani, 1995 *Convention to Combat Desertification (CCD), Paris, 1994 * Conventions within the UNEP Regional Seas Programme *Directive on the legal protection of biotechnological inventions *
Energy Community The Energy Community, commonly referred to as the Energy Community for South East Europe (ECSEE), is an international organization consisting of the European Union (EU) and a number of non-EU countries. It aims to extend the Energy policy of t ...
(Energy Community South East Europe Treaty) (ECSEE) *
Espoo Convention The Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context (informally called the Espoo Convention) is a United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) convention signed in Espoo, Finland, in 1991 that entered into force in ...
Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context, Espoo, 1991 * European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Inland Waterways (ADN), Geneva, 2000 *
European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road ADR, formally the Agreement of 30 September 1957 concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road is a 1957 United Nations treaty that governs transnational transport of hazardous materials. "ADR" is derived from the French name f ...
(ADR), Geneva, 1957 * FAO International Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides, Rome, 1985 * FAO International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources, Rome, 1983 *
Framework Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Caspian Sea A framework is a generic term commonly referring to an essential supporting structure which other things are built on top of. Framework may refer to: Computing * Application framework, used to implement the structure of an application for an op ...
*
Framework Convention on Climate Change The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is the UN process for negotiating an agreement to limit dangerous climate change. It is an international treaty among countries to combat "dangerous Global warming, human interf ...
(UNFCCC), New York, 1992 *
Geneva Protocol The Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare, usually called the Geneva Protocol, is a treaty prohibiting the use of chemical and biological weapons in ...
(Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare) * International Convention for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT), Rio de Janeiro, 1966 * International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships *
International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil (OILPOL) was an International Treaty signed in London on 12 May 1954 (OILPOL 54). It was updated in 1962 (OILPOL 62), 1969 (OILPOL 69), and 1971 (OILPOL 71). OILPOL w ...
, London, 1954, 1962, 1969 *
International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling The International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling is an international environmental agreement aimed at the "proper conservation of whale stocks and thus make possible the orderly development of the whaling industry". It governs the comm ...
(ICRW), Washington, 1946 *
International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (also known as ITPGRFA, International Seed Treaty or Plant Treaty) is a comprehensive international agreement in harmony with the Convention on Biological Diversity, ...
* International Tropical Timber Agreement (expired), 1983 * International Tropical Timber Agreement (ITTA), Geneva, 1994 * Kuwait Regional Convention for Co-operation on the Protection of the Marine Environment from Pollution, Kuwait, 1978 *
Kyoto Protocol The was an international treaty which extended the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, based on the scientific consensus that global warming is oc ...
- greenhouse gas emission reductions *
Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 The Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 (MBTA), codified at (although §709 is omitted), is a United States federal law, first enacted in 1918 to implement the convention for the protection of migratory birds between the United States and Canada. ...
* Minamata Convention on Mercury, 2013 * Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Montreal, 1989 *
Nagoya Protocol The Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity, also known as the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS), is ...
*
North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation The North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC) is an environmental agreement between the United States of America, Canada and Mexico and a side-treaty of the North American Free Trade Agreement that came into effect on January ...
*
Paris Agreement The Paris Agreement (also called the Paris Accords or Paris Climate Accords) is an international treaty on climate change that was signed in 2016. The treaty covers climate change mitigation, adaptation, and finance. The Paris Agreement was ...
, France, 2015 * Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty * Putrajaya Declaration of Regional Cooperation for the Sustainable Development of the Seas of East Asia, Malaysia, 2003 *
Ramsar Convention The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of Ramsar site, Ramsar sites (wetlands). It is also known as the Convention on We ...
Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, especially as Waterfowl Habitat, Ramsar, 1971 * Regional Convention for the Conservation of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden Environment, Jeddah, 1982 * Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade, Rotterdam, 1998 * Stockholm Convention
Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants is an international environmental treaty, signed on 22 May 2001 in Stockholm and effective from 17 May 2004, that aims to eliminate or restrict the production and use of persistent organi ...
Stockholm, 2001 *
Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space, and Under Water A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between sovereign states and/or international organizations that is governed by international law. A treaty may also be known as an international agreement, protocol, covenant, convention ...
*
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), also called the Law of the Sea Convention or the Law of the Sea Treaty, is an international treaty that establishes a legal framework for all marine and maritime activities. , 169 sov ...
*
United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (UNCCD) is a Convention to combat desertification and mitigate the effects of drought through ...
*
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is the UN process for negotiating an agreement to limit dangerous climate change. It is an international treaty among countries to combat "dangerous human interference with th ...
*
Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer is a multilateral environmental agreement signed in 1985 that provided frameworks for international reductions in the production of chlorofluorocarbons due to their contribution to the ...
, Vienna, 1985, including the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Montreal, 1987 *
Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage The Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage is a 1963 treaty that governs issues of liability in cases of nuclear accident. It was concluded at Vienna on 21 May 1963 and entered into force on 12 November 1977. The convention has ...
, Vienna, 1963 * Western Regional Climate Action Initiative *
Working Environment (Air Pollution, Noise and Vibration) Convention, 1977 Working Environment (Air Pollution, Noise and Vibration) Convention, 1977 is an International Labour Organization The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a United Nations agency whose mandate is to advance social and economic justice ...


Topic order


General

*
Aarhus Convention The UNECE Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters, usually known as the Aarhus Convention, was signed on 25 June 1998 in the Danish city of Aarhus. It entered into ...
Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters, Aarhus, 1998 *
Espoo Convention The Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context (informally called the Espoo Convention) is a United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) convention signed in Espoo, Finland, in 1991 that entered into force in ...
Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context, Espoo, 1991


Atmosphere

* Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP), Geneva, 1979 *Environmental Protection: Aircraft Engine Emissions, Annex 16, vol. 2 to the
Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation The Convention on International Civil Aviation, also known as the Chicago Convention, established the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), a specialized agency of the United Nations charged with coordinating international air trav ...
, Montreal, 1981 *
Framework Convention on Climate Change The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is the UN process for negotiating an agreement to limit dangerous climate change. It is an international treaty among countries to combat "dangerous Global warming, human interf ...
(UNFCCC), New York, 1992, including the
Kyoto Protocol The was an international treaty which extended the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, based on the scientific consensus that global warming is oc ...
, 1997, and the
Paris Agreement The Paris Agreement (also called the Paris Accords or Paris Climate Accords) is an international treaty on climate change that was signed in 2016. The treaty covers climate change mitigation, adaptation, and finance. The Paris Agreement was ...
, 2015 * Georgia Basin-Puget Sound International Airshed Strategy, Vancouver, Statement of Intent, 2002 * U.S.-Canada Air Quality Agreement (bilateral U.S.-Canadian agreement on
acid rain Acid rain is rain or any other form of Precipitation (meteorology), precipitation that is unusually acidic, meaning that it has elevated levels of hydrogen ions (low pH). Most water, including drinking water, has a neutral pH that exists b ...
), 1986 *
Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer is a multilateral environmental agreement signed in 1985 that provided frameworks for international reductions in the production of chlorofluorocarbons due to their contribution to the ...
, Vienna, 1985, including the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Montreal, 1987


Freshwater resources

* Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes ( ECE Water Convention), Helsinki, 1992


Hazardous substances

* Convention on Civil Liability for Damage Caused during Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road, Rail, and Inland Navigation Vessels (CRTD), Geneva, 1989 * Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal, Basel, 1989 * Convention on the Ban of the Import into Africa and the Control of Transboundary Movements and Management of Hazardous Wastes Within Africa, Bamako, 1991 * Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade, Rotterdam, 1998 * Convention on the Transboundary Effects of Industrial Accidents, Helsinki, 1992 * European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Inland Waterways (AND), Geneva, 2000 *
European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road ADR, formally the Agreement of 30 September 1957 concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road is a 1957 United Nations treaty that governs transnational transport of hazardous materials. "ADR" is derived from the French name f ...
(ADR), Geneva, 1957 * FAO International Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides, Rome, 1985 * Minamata Convention on Mercury, Minamata, 2013 * Stockholm Convention
Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants is an international environmental treaty, signed on 22 May 2001 in Stockholm and effective from 17 May 2004, that aims to eliminate or restrict the production and use of persistent organi ...
Stockholm, 2001 *Waigani Convention, Convention to Ban the Importation into Forum Island Countries of Hazardous and Radioactive Wastes and to Control the Transboundary Movement and Management of Hazardous Wastes within the South Pacific Region, Waigani, 1995


Marine environment – global conventions

*Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter (London Convention), London, 1972 * International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto (MARPOL 73/78), London, 1973 and 1978 *
International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil (OILPOL) was an International Treaty signed in London on 12 May 1954 (OILPOL 54). It was updated in 1962 (OILPOL 62), 1969 (OILPOL 69), and 1971 (OILPOL 71). OILPOL w ...
, London, 1954, 1962 and 1969 * International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage (CLC), Brussels, 1969, 1976,1984 and 1992 * International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage(FUND)1971 and 1992, Brussels, 1971/1992 * International Convention on Liability and Compensation for Damage in Connection with the Carriage of Hazardous and Noxious Substances by Sea (HNS), London, 1996 * International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co-operation (OPRC), London, 1990 * International Convention Relating to Intervention on the High Seas in Cases of Oil Pollution Casualties Intervention Convention, Brussels, 1969 * Protocol on Preparedness, Response and Co-operation to Pollution Incidents by Hazardous and Noxious Substances OPRC-HNS Protocol, London, 2000 *
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), also called the Law of the Sea Convention or the Law of the Sea Treaty, is an international treaty that establishes a legal framework for all marine and maritime activities. , 169 sov ...
LOS Convention, Montego Bay, 1982


Marine environment – regional conventions

* Convention for Co-operation in the Protection and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the West and Central African Region, Abidjan, 1981 * Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment and Coastal Region of the Mediterranean Sea
Barcelona Convention The Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and the Coastal Region of the Mediterranean, originally the Convention for Protection of the Mediterranean Sea against Pollution,Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region The Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region, commonly called the Cartagena Convention, is an international agreement for the protection of the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and a ...
, Cartagena de Indias, 1983 * Convention for the Protection, Management and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the Eastern African Region (Nairobi Convention), Nairobi, 1985 * Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and Coastal Area of the South-east Pacific, Lima, 1981 * Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-east Atlantic OSPAR Convention, Paris, 1992 * Convention for the Protection of the Natural Resources and Environment of the South Pacific Region, Nouméa, 1986 * Convention on the Protection of the Black Sea against Pollution, Bucharest, 1992 * Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area Helsinki Convention (HELCOM), Helsinki, 1974, 1992 * Conventions within the UNEP Regional Seas Programme *
Framework Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Caspian Sea A framework is a generic term commonly referring to an essential supporting structure which other things are built on top of. Framework may refer to: Computing * Application framework, used to implement the structure of an application for an op ...
* Kuwait Regional Convention for Co-operation on the Protection of the Marine Environment from Pollution, Kuwait, 1978 * Regional Convention for the Conservation of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden Environment, Jeddah, 1982


Marine living resources

* Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels * Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans in the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and contiguous Atlantic area (ACCOBAMS), Monaco, 1996 * Agreement on the Conservation of Small Cetaceans of the Baltic, North East Atlantic, Irish and North Seas (ASCOBANS), New York, 1992 *
Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources The Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, also known as the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, and CCAMLR, is part of the Antarctic Treaty System. The convention was opened for s ...
(CCAMLR), Canberra, 1980 ** Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora **
Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources The Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, also known as the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, and CCAMLR, is part of the Antarctic Treaty System. The convention was opened for s ...
** Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals ** Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty *
Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, also known as the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) or the Bonn Convention, is an international agreement that aims to conserve migratory species throughout their r ...
(CMS), Bonn, 1979 * International Convention for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT), Rio de Janeiro, 1966 *
International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling The International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling is an international environmental agreement aimed at the "proper conservation of whale stocks and thus make possible the orderly development of the whaling industry". It governs the comm ...
(ICRW), Washington, 1946


Nature conservation and terrestrial living resources

*
Antarctic Treaty The Antarctic (, ; commonly ) is the polar region of Earth that surrounds the South Pole, lying within the Antarctic Circle. It is diametrically opposite of the Arctic region around the North Pole. The Antarctic comprises the continent of A ...
, Washington, DC, 1959 * Amazon Cooperation Treaty, Brasilia, 1978 *
Convention on Biological Diversity The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), known informally as the Biodiversity Convention, is a multilateral treaty. The Convention has three main goals: the conservation of biological diversity (or biodiversity); the sustainable use of its ...
(CBD), Nairobi, 1992 *
Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, also known as the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) or the Bonn Convention, is an international agreement that aims to conserve migratory species throughout their r ...
(CMS), Bonn, 1979 *
Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna CITES (shorter acronym for the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, also known as the Washington Convention) is a multilateral treaty to protect endangered plants and animals from the threats of inte ...
(CITES), Washington, DC, 1973 *
Organization of American States The Organization of American States (OAS or OEA; ; ; ) is an international organization founded on 30 April 1948 to promote cooperation among its member states within the Americas. Headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States, the OAS is ...
Convention on Nature Protection and Wild Life Preservation in the Western Hemisphere, Washington, DC, 1940 *
United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (UNCCD) is a Convention to combat desertification and mitigate the effects of drought through ...
(UNCCD), Paris, 1994 *
Food and Agriculture Organization The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; . (FAO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger and improve nutrition and food security. Its Latin motto, , translates ...
International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources, Rome, 1983 **the 1983 "voluntary undertaking" was updated and strengthened as the
International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (also known as ITPGRFA, International Seed Treaty or Plant Treaty) is a comprehensive international agreement in harmony with the Convention on Biological Diversity, ...
, Madrid, 2001 * International Tropical Timber Agreement (ITTA), Geneva, 1994 * Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation of Migratory Birds of Prey in Africa and Eurasia (Raptors MoU) * Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat ( the Convention on Wetlands), Ramsar, 1971 *
UNESCO The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO ) is a List of specialized agencies of the United Nations, specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and International secur ...
Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage The World Heritage Convention, formally the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, is an international treaty signed on 23 November 1972, which created the World Heritage Sites, with the primary goals o ...
( the World Heritage Convention), Paris, 1972


Noise pollution

*
Working Environment (Air Pollution, Noise and Vibration) Convention, 1977 Working Environment (Air Pollution, Noise and Vibration) Convention, 1977 is an International Labour Organization The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a United Nations agency whose mandate is to advance social and economic justice ...


Nuclear safety

*
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) is a multilateral treaty to ban nuclear weapons test explosions and any other nuclear explosions, for both civilian and military purposes, in all environments. It was adopted by the United Nati ...
, 1996 * Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency (Assistance Convention), Vienna, 1986 * Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident (Notification Convention), Vienna, 1986 * Convention on Nuclear Safety, Vienna, 1994 *
Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space, and Under Water A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between sovereign states and/or international organizations that is governed by international law. A treaty may also be known as an international agreement, protocol, covenant, convention ...
*
Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage The Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage is a 1963 treaty that governs issues of liability in cases of nuclear accident. It was concluded at Vienna on 21 May 1963 and entered into force on 12 November 1977. The convention has ...
, Vienna, 1963


See also

* Action for Climate Empowerment *
Arms control Arms control is a term for international restrictions upon the development, production, stockpiling, proliferation and usage of small arms, conventional weapons, and weapons of mass destruction. Historically, arms control may apply to melee wea ...
*
Climate target A climate target, climate goal or climate pledge is a measurable long-term commitment for climate policy and energy policy with the aim of limiting the climate change. Researchers within, among others, the UN climate panel have identified p ...
* '' Earth Negotiations Bulletin'' *
Environmental law Environmental laws are laws that protect the environment. The term "environmental law" encompasses treaties, statutes, regulations, conventions, and policies designed to protect the natural environment and manage the impact of human activitie ...
* Environmental organizations * Environmental tariff *
International Network for Environmental Compliance and Enforcement The International Network for Environmental Compliance and Enforcement (INECE) is a global network of environmental compliance and enforcement practitioners dedicated to raising awareness of compliance and enforcement across the regulatory cycle; de ...
* List of climate change initiatives * List of environmental laws by country * List of environmental lawsuits * List of international animal welfare conventions *
List of supranational environmental agencies A variety of supranational environmental agencies, commissions, programs, and secretariats exist across the world today. Some are global in nature, while others are regional; they may be multilateral or bilateral in character. Some are responsi ...
*
List of treaties This list of treaties contains known agreements, pacts, peaces, and major contracts between states, armies, governments, and tribal groups. Before 1200 CE 1200–1299 1300–1399 1400–1499 1500–1599 1600–1699 1700–1799 ...
* Wildlife Enforcement Monitoring System


References


External links


Relationship between MEAs and the World Trade Organization


(archived 18 August 2011)
ECOLEX-the gateway to environmental law
{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of International Environmental Agreements *List International relations lists Environmental Lists of environmental organizations