Kazerun () is a city in the northwest of

Fars Province Fars Province or Pars Province, also known as Persis or Farsistan (فارسستان), is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Shiraz. Pars province has an area of 122,400 km2 and is located in Iran's southwest, i ...

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...

and the center of Kazerun County. This city has an ancient history, numerous ancient and historical monuments, and numerous tourist attractions. Kazerun is the largest and most populous city in the west of Fars Province. The population of Kazerun city without suburbs in the 2016 general population and housing census was 96,683 people, and the population of Kazerun county was 211,341 people. Before Islam, the city of

Bishapur Bishapur (Middle Persian: ''Bay-Šāpūr''; , ''Bishâpûr'') was an ancient city in Sasanid Persia (Iran) on the ancient road between Persis and Elam. The road linked the Sassanid capitals Estakhr (very close to Persepolis) and Ctesiphon. It ...

was one of the capitals of the

Sasanian Empire The Sasanian Empire (), officially Eranshahr ( , "Empire of the Iranian peoples, Iranians"), was an List of monarchs of Iran, Iranian empire that was founded and ruled by the House of Sasan from 224 to 651. Enduring for over four centuries, th ...

and the center of the current region of Kazerun. When it was destroyed by the Arabs, its residents migrated to the city of Kazerun. Mythological narratives attribute the foundation of the city of Kazerun to the

Pishdadian dynasty The Pishdadian dynasty ( ) is a mythical line of primordial kings featured in Zoroastrian belief and Persian mythology. They are presented in legend as originally rulers of the world but whose realm was eventually limited to ''Ērānshahr'' or Gr ...

and Tahmuras, more than 7,500 years ago. Historical accounts also tell of the expansion of this city by

Shapur I Shapur I (also spelled Shabuhr I; ) was the second Sasanian Empire, Sasanian King of Kings of Iran. The precise dating of his reign is disputed, but it is generally agreed that he ruled from 240 to 270, with his father Ardashir I as co-regent u ...

and

Kavad I Kavad I ( ; 473 – 13 September 531) was the Sasanian King of Kings of Iran from 488 to 531, with a two or three-year interruption. A son of Peroz I (), he was crowned by the nobles to replace his deposed and unpopular uncle Balash (). Inheri ...

, two Sasanian kings. The people of the Kazerun and Shapur regions once rebelled and declared their independence from the

Rashidun Caliphate The Rashidun Caliphate () is a title given for the reigns of first caliphs (lit. "successors") — Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali collectively — believed to Political aspects of Islam, represent the perfect Islam and governance who led the ...

after the Arab conquest of the region. The rebellion, led by a Sassanid nobleman, was severely suppressed. The ancient city of

, Tang-e Chowgan, and

Shapur cave Shapur cave () is located in the Zagros Mountains, in southern Iran. This cave is near Kazerun in the Chogan valley. In the cave, on the fourth of five terraces, stands the Colossal Statue of Shapur I, statue of Shapur I, the second ruler of th ...

are among Iran's UNESCO

World Heritage sites World Heritage Sites are landmarks and areas with legal protection under an international treaty administered by UNESCO for having cultural, historical, or scientific significance. The sites are judged to contain "cultural and natural heritag ...

near Kazerun. In addition, the Arzhan and Parishan Protected Area near Kazerun has been registered as one of Iran's natural heritage sites on the UNESCO World Heritage List. The people of Kazerun remained followers of the

Zoroastrianism Zoroastrianism ( ), also called Mazdayasnā () or Beh-dīn (), is an Iranian religions, Iranian religion centred on the Avesta and the teachings of Zoroaster, Zarathushtra Spitama, who is more commonly referred to by the Greek translation, ...

religion until the 10th century. However, after the founding of the Kazeruniyeh (Morshediyeh) sufism by Abu Ishaq of Kazerun, the majority of the people of the city converted to

Islam Islam is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number Islam by country, 2 billion worldwide and are the world ...

. The Kazeruniyeh sufism, centered in the city of Kazerun, spread to countries such as

India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

, and the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...

in the following centuries, bringing fame to the city and economic prosperity. This city was the birthplace of many scientists, poets, Sufis, merchants, and other great figures during the

Islamic Golden Age The Islamic Golden Age was a period of scientific, economic, and cultural flourishing in the history of Islam, traditionally dated from the 8th century to the 13th century. This period is traditionally understood to have begun during the reign o ...

, and it is remembered as one of the centers of Islamic civilization, culture, and knowledge during the Golden Age of Islam. The language of the people of Kazerun is

Persian Persian may refer to: * People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language ** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples ** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...

with Kazeruni dialect. The economy of Kazerun is based on trade, transportation, service occupations, agriculture, and industry.

History

The history of the origin of Kazerun, like other ancient cities of Iran, is in obscure and sometimes it is mixed with myths. However, sources such as Fars-Nama attribute the foundation of Kazerun to the

Prehistory

The first signs of habitation in the city known today as Kazerun were found in the caves known as ''Tikab'' in the northern mountain of Kazerun. These caves were inhabited by the

Human evolution ''Homo sapiens'' is a distinct species of the hominid family of primates, which also includes all the great apes. Over their evolutionary history, humans gradually developed traits such as Human skeletal changes due to bipedalism, bipedalism, de ...

around 20,000 years ago. Tahmurath-Lawrie-Highsmith

Pishdadian dynasty

are the first rulers of Iran land in myths. In Fars-Nama, Ibn Balkhi considers Tahmuras, the Pishdadi king, to be the founder of the city of Kazerun.

Historical period before Islam

Achaemenid Empire

Although there is not much information about the status of Kazerun during the

Achaemenid Empire The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire, also known as the Persian Empire or First Persian Empire (; , , ), was an Iranian peoples, Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty in 550 BC. Based in modern-day Iran, i ...

, but according to some writings, Kazerun was a small and sparsely populated area of the ancient city of Dindella (

: دین‌دلا), which was destroyed in the attack of

Alexander the Great Alexander III of Macedon (; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), most commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the Ancient Greece, ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia (ancient kingdom), Macedon. He succeeded his father Philip ...

on Iran. In the following centuries, a city named

was built on the site of this ancient city.

Sasanian Empire

The period of the

is the peak period of prosperity of the Kazerun region. At this time,

, the Sassanid king, after defeating the

Roman Empire The Roman Empire ruled the Mediterranean and much of Europe, Western Asia and North Africa. The Roman people, Romans conquered most of this during the Roman Republic, Republic, and it was ruled by emperors following Octavian's assumption of ...

in the

Battle of Edessa The Battle of Edessa took place between the armies of the Roman Empire under the command of Emperor Valerian (emperor), Valerian and the Sasanian Empire under Shapur I, in Edessa, Mesopotamia, Edessa (now the Turkish city of Urfa) in 260. The ...

, ordered the construction of a city called

in 266 AD. and for this reason, the city of Bishapur was built according to the Roman city-building method (

Hippodamus Hippodamus of Miletus (; Greek: Ἱππόδαμος ὁ Μιλήσιος, ''Hippodamos ho Milesios''; c.480 BCE, 480–408 BC) was an ancient Greece, ancient Greek architect, urban planner, physician, mathematician, meteorologist and philosophe ...

) and by Roman prisoners. At that time, two cities named Kazerun and Old City (

romanized In linguistics, romanization is the conversion of text from a different writing system to the Roman (Latin) script, or a system for doing so. Methods of romanization include transliteration, for representing written text, and transcription, ...

: Shahr-e Kohneh) were also located near Bishapur, which were merged with each other under the name of Kazerun in later centuries. At the same time as the foundation of the city of Bishapur,

also began to develop the city of Kazerun. The city of Bishapur was one of the capitals of the Sasanian Empire and the center of the Shapur-Khwarrah, and Kazerun and the Old City were also considered its subsidiaries. At that time, the city of Kazerun included three districts: Nowred, Raheban and Derist, and the Old City was located in an area between today's Kazerun and

Lake Parishan Lake Parishan (Persian language, Persian: دریاچه پریشان) is a lake in Iran. The Parishan Lake is in Jereh and Baladeh District in Fars province and is the largest freshwater lake in the country. It receives very small amount of water ...

. Bishapur was also the birthplace of

Hormizd I Hormizd-Ardashir, better known by his dynastic name of Hormizd I (also spelled Hormozd I or Ohrmazd I; ), was the third Sasanian King of Kings (''shahanshah'') of Iran, who ruled from May 270 to June 271. He was the third-born son of Shapur I (), ...

and

Bahram I Bahram I (also spelled Wahram I or Warahran I; ) was the fourth Sasanian King of Kings of Iran from 271 to 274. He was the eldest son of Shapur I () and succeeded his brother Hormizd I (), who had reigned for a year. Bahram I's reign marked th ...

, two Sassanid kings. Valerian, the captured emperor of

Rome Rome (Italian language, Italian and , ) is the capital city and most populated (municipality) of Italy. It is also the administrative centre of the Lazio Regions of Italy, region and of the Metropolitan City of Rome. A special named with 2, ...

, lived in the palace he built for him in the city of Bishapur on the orders of

. According to some accounts, he also died in this city. Shapur I, the Sassanid king also died in 270 AD in the city of Bishapur. In the 5th and 6th centuries AD,

tried to settle the city of Kazerun and expanded it. Until the Arab conquest of Persia, Bishapur was a prosperous city with a population between 50,000 and 80,000 people. Silver drachma of Ardashir II, minted in Bishapur.jpg, Silver coin with the image of Ardashir II, minted in Bishapur Kavād (Kavādh) I. First reign, CE 488-497 Uncertain RY date (possibly RY 4 = 492 CE).jpg, A coin with the image of

, minted in Bishapur Sasaniden- Khusro II. - Münzkabinett, Berlin - 5494622.jpg, A coin with the image of

Khosrow II Khosrow II (spelled Chosroes II in classical sources; and ''Khosrau''), commonly known as Khosrow Parviz (New Persian: , "Khosrow the Victorious"), is considered to be the last great Sasanian King of Kings (Shahanshah) of Iran, ruling from 590 ...

, minted in Bishapur

Islamic era

Seventh to Ninth century AD

During the Arab conquest of Persia in 638 AD,

Umar Umar ibn al-Khattab (; ), also spelled Omar, was the second Rashidun caliph, ruling from August 634 until his assassination in 644. He succeeded Abu Bakr () and is regarded as a senior companion and father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Mu ...

assigned one of his commanders named Mojashe bin Masoud to conquer Shapur-Khwarrah. Despite the great resistance of the people of Shapur-Khwarrah, the Arabs conquered Bishapur.Mohammad Javad Behrouzi: ''Kazerun, the Green city'', Daneshnameh Fars Publications, 2010, p. 210 In the year 639 AD, Uthman bin Abi al-As was commissioned by Mojashe bin Masoud to conquer Kazerun and captured this city.Mohammad Javad Behrouzi: ''Kazerun, the Green city'', Daneshnameh Fars Publications, 2010, p. 226 After that, the people of Kazerun and Bishapur continuously rebelled against the Arabs. Among in the year 643 AD and after the caliphate of

Uthman Uthman ibn Affan (17 June 656) was the third caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate, ruling from 644 until his assassination in 656. Uthman, a second cousin, son-in-law, and notable companion of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad, played a major role ...

, the people of Shapur-Khwarrah, under the command of Shahrag's brother, one of the Sassanid nobles declared independence. But in the end, after the Great battle of Bishapur and the siege of this city, Uthman bin Abi al-As finally conquered Bishapur, Now Bandegan and Jereh again with peace and receiving the wealth and tribute. The people of Shapur broke their agreement again in 646 AD and Uthman conquered the city again with

Abu Musa al-Ash'ari Abu Musa Abd Allah ibn Qays al-Ash'ari (), better known as Abu Musa al-Ash'ari () (died c. 662 or 672) was a companion of Muhammad and an important figure in early Islamic history. He was at various times governor of Basra and Kufa and was involv ...

. The resistance of the people of Shapur-Khwarrah against the Arabs was so great that Abida, the Arab general, was seriously injured and when he was dying, he requested the Arab troops to massacre the people of this region for the sake of killing him, and the same thing happened. In 687 AD, the people of Shapur-Khwarrah revolted against the Arabs once again, and this time they were suppressed by Umar bin Ubaidullah bin Muammar. In the year 702 AD and during the rule of

Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf Abu Muhammad al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf ibn al-Hakam ibn Abi Aqil al-Thaqafi (; ), known simply as al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf (), was the most notable governor who served the Umayyad Caliphate. He began his service under Caliph Abd al-Malik (), who successiv ...

, the displaced people in Shapur-Khwarrah, who were waiting for revenge, rushed with the help of Ibn al-Ash'ath in a rebellion against Hajjaj ibn Yusuf and defeated the Hajjaj army and captured the city of

Kufa Kufa ( ), also spelled Kufah, is a city in Iraq, about south of Baghdad, and northeast of Najaf. It is located on the banks of the Euphrates, Euphrates River. The estimated population in 2003 was 110,000. Along with Samarra, Karbala, Kadhimiya ...

. However, with the arrival of reinforcements, the rebels were defeated and Shapur-Khwarrah was again under the control of the Army Umayyads. Bishapur gradually lost its prosperity in the 8th and 9th centuries of AD, and with the migration of its residents to Kazerun and its surroundings, it transferred its prosperity to this city.

Tenth century AD

In 933 AD,

Imad al-Dawla Ali ibn Buya (, ), commonly known by his ''laqab'' (honorific epithet) Imad al-Dawla (; c. 891/2 – December 949), was the founder of the Buyid amirate of Fars, ruling as its ''amir'' (ruler) from 934 to 949. Together with his two younger bro ...

, the founder of the

Buyid dynasty The Buyid dynasty or Buyid Empire was a Zaydi and later Twelver Shi'a dynasty of Daylamite origin. Founded by Imad al-Dawla, they mainly ruled over central and southern Iran and Iraq from 934 to 1062. Coupled with the rise of other Iranian dyn ...

, sent his brother

Rukn al-Dawla Hasan (died September 976), better known by his ''laqab'' as Rukn al-Dawla ( Persian: رکن‌الدوله دیلمی), was the first Buyid amir of northern and central Iran (c. 935–976). He was the son of Buya. Struggle for power Hasan was ...

to this region to capture Kazerun and Bishapur. Rukn al-Dawla defeated Yaqut, the governor of Kazerun, and captured this region. Buyid dynasty's rule in the 10th century AD was associated with religious tolerance. In the second half of the 10th century AD, the majority of the people of Kazerun remained in

religion due to the payment of

Jizya Jizya (), or jizyah, is a type of taxation levied on non-Muslim subjects of a state governed by Sharia, Islamic law. The Quran and hadiths mention jizya without specifying its rate or amount,Sabet, Amr (2006), ''The American Journal of Islamic Soc ...

, and Kazerun was considered one of the largest Zoroastrian cities in Iran. Kauzeroon

The ruler of the city was also a

Zoroastrian Zoroastrianism ( ), also called Mazdayasnā () or Beh-dīn (), is an Iranian religion centred on the Avesta and the teachings of Zarathushtra Spitama, who is more commonly referred to by the Greek translation, Zoroaster ( ). Among the wo ...

named Khorshīd Marzbān. After

'Adud al-Dawla Fannā (Panāh) Khusraw (), better known by his laqab of ʿAḍud al-Dawla (; 24 September 936 – 26 March 983) was an emir of the Buyid dynasty, ruling from 949 to 983. At the height of his power, he ruled an empire stretching from Makran ...

came to power, this king paid special attention to Kazerun, the main reason for which was the location of this city on the commercial highway of the back shore of the

Persian Gulf The Persian Gulf, sometimes called the Arabian Gulf, is a Mediterranean seas, mediterranean sea in West Asia. The body of water is an extension of the Arabian Sea and the larger Indian Ocean located between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula.Un ...

and Siraf Port. Buyid dynasty rulers tried to revive the ancient city of Bishapur at the same time as the prosperity of Kazerun, and they were able to restore prosperity to this city to some extent after several centuries. The coins minted in Bishapur in this period also confirm this. Kazerun was considered one of the important centers of

Textile Textile is an Hyponymy and hypernymy, umbrella term that includes various Fiber, fiber-based materials, including fibers, yarns, Staple (textiles)#Filament fiber, filaments, Thread (yarn), threads, and different types of #Fabric, fabric. ...

production during the time of Buyid dynasty, and for this reason, it was known as

Damietta Damietta ( ' ) is a harbor, port city and the capital of the Damietta Governorate in Egypt. It is located at the Damietta branch, an eastern distributary of the Nile Delta, from the Mediterranean Sea, and about north of Cairo. It was a Cath ...

Ajam (, ) is an Arabic word for a non-Arab, especially a Persian. It was historically used as a pejorative—figuratively ascribing muteness to those whose native language is not Arabic—during and after the Muslim conquest of Iran. Since the ea ...

(

Persia Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...

). During this period, Abu Ishaq of Kazerun, a famous

Sufi Sufism ( or ) is a mysticism, mystic body of religious practice found within Islam which is characterized by a focus on Islamic Tazkiyah, purification, spirituality, ritualism, and Asceticism#Islam, asceticism. Practitioners of Sufism are r ...

, founded the Kazeruniyeh Sufism in this city and started spreading

and fighting against Zoroastrians. His actions caused the Zoroastrian majority of the people of Kazarun to convert to Islam. At the end of the 10th Century AD, the migration of people from the old city (in the east of Kazerun), which was called ''Balad al-Atigh'' in Arabic, intensified to the city of Kazerun. With the migration of the people of Bishapur, Old City and other areas, the city of Kazerun prospered and became the area of population concentration.

Eleventh and Twelfth centuries AD

After the establishment of the Kazeruniyeh Sufism by Abu Ishaq of Kazerun, the city of Kazerun found a different situation. The religious attraction of this Sufism established the position of Kazerun as the center of Shapur region. After the

Seljuk Empire The Seljuk Empire, or the Great Seljuk Empire, was a High Middle Ages, high medieval, culturally Turco-Persian tradition, Turco-Persian, Sunni Islam, Sunni Muslim empire, established and ruled by the Qiniq (tribe), Qïnïq branch of Oghuz Turks. ...

came to power,

Alp Arslan Alp Arslan, born Muhammad Alp Arslan bin Dawud Chaghri, was the second List of sultans of the Seljuk Empire, sultan of the Seljuk Empire and great-grandson of Seljuk (warlord), Seljuk, the eponymous founder of the dynasty and the empire. He g ...

, a person named

Fadluya Amir Abu'l-Abbas Fadl, better known as Fadluya (also spelled Fadlawayh), was a Kurds, Kurdish chieftain of the Shabankara in Fars province, Fars. He was the son of Ali ibn Hasan ibn Ayyub of the Ramani clan of the Shabankara, who were Kurds from ...

, who was the head of the Shabankara clan and had killed

Abu Mansur Fulad Sutun Abu Mansur Fulad Sutun (, died 1062) was the last Buyid amir of Fars, ruling more or less continuously from 1048 until his death. He was the son of Abu Kalijar. Reign Struggle for power After the death of Abu Kalijar in 1048, his eldest so ...

, the Amir of Buyid dynasty, became the ruler of the Fars region, and from that time for many years, the rule of the Shabankara family was established over these regions. In 1078 AD, Mahmud I came to power and made his cousin, Turan Shah I the governor of Fars. Turan Shah also entrusted Kazerun and Shapur to the elders of Shabankara clan. But people of the Shabankara tribe were constantly killing and looting in Fars, especially in Kazerun and Shapur. Among in one of the cases, Abu Saeed Shabankara set fire to the city of Bishapur in 1101 AD and razed it to the ground and shot the last arrow to the city. After Muhammad I Tapar came to power, in 1108 AD, he chose a person named Jalaluddin Chawoli as

Atabeg Atabeg, Atabek, or Atabey is a hereditary title of nobility of Turkic language, Turkic origin, indicating a governor of a nation or province who was subordinate to a monarch and charged with raising the crown prince. The first instance of the ti ...

of Fars and thus ended the rule of Shabankara clan in Fars. Chawoli arrested and killed Abu Saeed Shabankara. He also revitalized the city of Kazerun.

Thirteenth to Sixteenth centuries AD

The 13th to 16th century AD was the peak period of prosperity and fame of the city of Kazerun throughout its history. This fame was due to the expansion of the Kazeruniyeh Sufism and its Sufi lodges in Iran,

, and the

, and was influenced by the religious appeal of Abu Ishaq of Kazerun. With the beginning of the 10th century, a large network of merchants of Kazerun city entered all over Iran and the countries of India, China, and the Ottoman Empire and started trading. Along with trade, these merchants were the representatives of the central Sufi lodge of Kazeruniyeh Sufism in the city of Kazerun and promoted this Sufism. Hasan Fasa'i narrates about this in his book Fars-Nama-ye Naseri: The influence and fame of the Kazeruniyeh Sufism during the 10th to the 10th century AD reached such an extent that many people and kings of Iran, as well as many people and emperors of India and Ottoman, and part of the Chinese people were disciples of the Kazeruniyeh Sufism and made their offerings to the branches of this Sufism in Cities and countries used to pay for it to be sent to the central Sufi lodge in Kazerun, and this issue created world fame for the city of Kazerun. Among the kings of Iran who were followers of the Kazeruniyeh Sufism, we can mention Shahrukh, who used to visit the tomb of Abu Ishaq of Kazerun during his trip to the south of Iran. Among the kings of India who were disciples of the Kazeruniyeh Sufism, we can mention Balban,

Alauddin Khalji Alauddin Khalji (; ), born Ali Gurshasp, was a ruler from the Khalji dynasty that ruled the Delhi Sultanate in the Indian subcontinent. Alauddin instituted a number of significant administrative changes in the Delhi Sultanate, related to revenue ...

and

Muhammad bin Tughluq Muhammad bin Tughluq (; ; 1290 – 20 March 1351), or Muhammad II, also named Jauna Khan as Crown Prince, further known by his epithets, The Eccentric Prince, or The Mad Sultan, was the eighteenth Sultan of Delhi. He reigned from 4 February 1 ...

. The two Ottoman emperors,

Bayezid the Thunderbolt Bayezid I (; ), also known as Bayezid the Thunderbolt (; ; – 8 March 1403), was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1389 to 1402. He adopted the title of ''Sultan-i Rûm'', ''Rûm'' being the Arabic name for the Eastern Roman Empire. In 139 ...

and

Mehmed the Conqueror Mehmed II (; , ; 30 March 14323 May 1481), commonly known as Mehmed the Conqueror (; ), was twice the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from August 1444 to September 1446 and then later from February 1451 to May 1481. In Mehmed II's first reign, ...

, were also devotees of the Kazeruniyeh Sufism and built buildings in the name of this Sufism in Ottoman.

Ibn Battuta Ibn Battuta (; 24 February 13041368/1369), was a Maghrebi traveller, explorer and scholar. Over a period of 30 years from 1325 to 1354, he visited much of Africa, the Middle East, Asia and the Iberian Peninsula. Near the end of his life, Ibn ...

, a Moroccan traveler who also traveled to Kazerun and visited the tomb of Abu Ishaq of Kazerun, in this regard, writes in the book Rihla: The fame and prestige of the Kazeruniyeh Sufism continued until the 16th century AD and the Safavids came to power. One of the most important events of Kazerun in the 13th century AD is the

Mongol Mongols are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, China (Inner Mongolia and other 11 autonomous territories), as well as the republics of Buryatia and Kalmykia in Russia. The Mongols are the principal member of the large family of M ...

attack on Kazerun in 1263. Seljuq Shah bin Salghor, the

of Fars who had revolted against the Mongols, took refuge in the tomb of Abu Ishaq in Kazerun, and the people of Kazerun, who hated the Mongols, welcomed him and made the tomb of Abu Ishaq a bastion against the Mongols. In this battle, Seljuq Shah was captured and killed, and the people of Kazerun, who sheltered him, were massacred by the Mongols. In the 10th century AD, the Balyaniyeh Sufism was also founded by the famous Sufi of that time, Sheykh Abdollah Balyani in Kazerun.

Safavid dynasty

When King

Ismail I Ismail I (; 17 July 1487 – 23 May 1524) was the founder and first shah of Safavid Iran, ruling from 1501 until his death in 1524. His reign is one of the most vital in the history of Iran, and the Safavid period is often considered the beginn ...

Safavid dynasty The Safavid dynasty (; , ) was one of Iran's most significant ruling dynasties reigning from Safavid Iran, 1501 to 1736. Their rule is often considered the beginning of History of Iran, modern Iranian history, as well as one of the gunpowder em ...

came to power, he saw the Kazeruniyeh Sufism as his rival and enemy, and ordered the killing of the elders of this Sufism and destroyed their buildings in Iran.Ralph Kauz:
Aspects of the Maritime Silk Road: From the Persian Gulf to the East China Sea (Kazaruni network section)
', pp. 70
Jahangoshaye Khaghan
', pp. 188 He personally marched to Kazerun and in addition to killing many Sufi elders in this city, he also destroyed their prominent buildings. During this period, King Ismail I appointed a family of elders from the

Afshar people Afshar ( ; , ; ; ) is a tribe of Oghuz Turks, Oghuz Turkic origin that split into several groups in Iran, Turkey and Afghanistan. Afshar means "obedient". According to Rashid-al-Din Hamadani, Afshar, the eponymous founder of the tribe, was a son ...

to rule Kazerun. The first person from this family who became the ruler of Kazerun was Khajeh Pir Badagh Afshar. After him, his children, Khajeh Pir Vali Afshar and Khajeh Hassan Ali Afshar, and then Khajeh Hossein Ali Afshar, became the rulers of Kazerun. The last ruler of Kazerun during the Safavid era was a person named Khajeh Hessamuddin Afshar. Despite the decline in prosperity due to the destruction of the Kazeruniyeh Sufism, Kazerun still maintained its prosperity to a large extent and was considered one of the centers of minting coins during the Safavid era.

Afsharid dynasty

After

Nader Shah Nader Shah Afshar (; 6 August 1698 or 22 October 1688 – 20 June 1747) was the founder of the Afsharid dynasty of Iran and one of the most powerful rulers in Iranian history, ruling as shah of Iran (Persia) from 1736 to 1747, when he was a ...

Afshar came to power, the rule of Afshar family continued in Kazerun. At that time, Khajeh Hessamuddin Afshar remained the ruler of Kazerun, and after him, Khajeh Mohammad Reza Afshar became the ruler of Kazerun, until in 1146 AH, Nader Shah came to Kazerun in pursuit of Mohammad Khan Baloch during his rebellion against Nader Shah. But Khajeh Mohammad Reza Afshar fought in support of Mohammad Khan Baloch against Nader Shah and was killed in this battle. After that, Nader Shah blinded Khajeh Mohammad Reza's nephew, Khajeh Abul Hasan Afshar. Nader Shah later regretted his act and to appease him, in 1733, he handed over the government of Kazerun to the son of Khajeh Mohammad Reza, Khajeh Ali Qoli Khan Afshar Kazeruni. Khajeh Ali Qoli Khan, in the position of governor of Kazerun, made many efforts in the direction of the development and settlement of this city.Mohammad Javad Behrouzi: ''Kazerun, the Green city'', Daneshnameh Fars Publications, 2010, p. 227

Zand dynasty

Khajeh Ali Qoli Khan Afshar Kazeruni, the then ruler of Kazerun, played an important role in the establishment and stabilization of the

Zand dynasty The Zand dynasty () was an Iranian dynasty, founded by Karim Khan Zand (1751–1779) that initially ruled southern and central Iran in the 18th century. It later expanded to include much of the rest of contemporary Iran (except for the provi ...

. In 1753, when

Karim Khan Zand Mohammad Karim Khan Zand (; ) was the founder of the Zand dynasty, ruling all of Iran (Name of Iran, Persia) except for Khorasan province, Khorasan from 1751 to 1779. He also ruled over some of the Caucasus, Caucasian lands and occupied Basra f ...

was preparing to fight

Azad Khan Afghan Azād Khān Afghān ( Persian, ), or Azād Shāh Afghān () (died 1781), was a Pashtun military commander and a major contender for supremacy in western Iran after the death of Nader Shah Afshar in 1747.Perry, J. R. (1987), "Āzād Khan Afḡān ...

and his representative,

Fath-Ali Khan Afshar Fath-Ali Khan Afshar (), was a chieftain from the Afshars of Urmia, Afshar tribe of Urmia, and one of the four contenders for supremacy in Iran between 1751–1763. He was ultimately defeated and captured in February 1763 by one of the contenders, ...

, in

Khesht Khesht () is a city in, and the capital of, Khesht District of Kazerun County, Fars province, Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the ...

, 60 kilometers from today's Kazerun, Ruler of Kazerun joined Karim Khan Zand's army with riflemen from Kazerun. Karim Khan, who was defeated by Azad Khan in the previous battle, was able to defeat the Azad Khan's army with the help of forces of Kazerun. After that, the ruler of Kazerun became one of the trusted and very close people to Karim Khan Zand. However, in 1761, when Karim Khan Zand sent some of the nobles of Fars region, including the ruler of Kazerun, to suppress the rebellion of Fath-Ali Khan Afshar in

Azerbaijan Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is a Boundaries between the continents, transcontinental and landlocked country at the boundary of West Asia and Eastern Europe. It is a part of the South Caucasus region and is bounded by ...

, the Fars army was defeated by the army of Fath-Ali Khan Afshar in Qareh Chaman near

Tabriz Tabriz (; ) is a city in the Central District (Tabriz County), Central District of Tabriz County, in the East Azerbaijan province, East Azerbaijan province of northwestern Iran. It serves as capital of the province, the county, and the distric ...

, and some of these nobles from The rule of Kazerun is that they escape from battle. They are arrested in

Isfahan Isfahan or Esfahan ( ) is a city in the Central District (Isfahan County), Central District of Isfahan County, Isfahan province, Iran. It is the capital of the province, the county, and the district. It is located south of Tehran. The city ...

and the ruler of Kazerun is sentenced to be blinded. But with the intercession of Mirza Mohammad Kalantar, the Fars Sheriff, Khajeh Ali Qoli Khan Afshar, the ruler of Kazerun is forgiven. In 1784, when Jafar Khan Zand conquered Isfahan, the ruler of Kazerun was also one of his companions. After that, Jafar Khan Zand appointed him to ruler of

Qom Qom (; ) is a city in the Central District of Qom County, Qom province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. It is the seventh largest metropolis and also the seventh largest city in Iran. The city is ...

and

Kashan Kashan (; ) is a city in the Central District (Kashan County), Central District of Kashan County, in the northern part of Isfahan province, Isfahan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. History Earlies ...

, and in the same year, Khajeh Ali Qoli Khan Afshar Kazeruni suppressed the revolt of Jandaq Arabs led by Mohammad Hasan Khan Arab Ameli. But he promised him the security of his life and sent him to Isfahan, to Jafar Khan Zand. But Jafar Khan, contrary to his promise, ordered the murder of Mohammad Hasan Khan Arab Ameli and his entourage. This issue made Khajeh Ali Qoli Khan Afshar very angry, and he left the government of Qom and Kashan and returned to his hometown Kazerun. After returning to Kazerun, he gathered some of the troops of Kuhmareh region and the nomads around Kazerun and encouraged them to overthrow Jafar Khan Zand from the kingdom. Jafar Khan, the king of Zand, after learning about this issue, sent some nobles to Kazerun to console him and invited him to Shiraz. But after the departure of Khajeh Ali Qoli Khan Afshar Kazeruni to Shiraz, Jafar Khan Zand broke his promise and imprisoned him along with a number of Zand nobles in the Arg of Karim Khan of Shiraz on charges of unworthiness. khajeh Ali Qoli Khan Afshar Kazeruni also provoked the nobles of Zand to escape from prison and escaped from prison with tricks. He and other fugitives secretly went to the

Harem A harem is a domestic space that is reserved for the women of the house in a Muslim family. A harem may house a man's wife or wives, their pre-pubescent male children, unmarried daughters, female domestic Domestic worker, servants, and other un ...

of Jafar Khan Zand and killed this king. Following this incident, Sayed Morad Khan Zand, who was imprisoned in the Arg of Karim Khan along with Khajeh Ali Qoli Khan Afshar Kazeruni, became king and immediately elected Khajeh Ali Qoli Khan Afshar Kazaruni as the Ruler of Fars region. But the kingdom of Sayed Morad Khan Zand lasted only for a short time and Lotf Ali Khan Zand, the son of Jafar Khan Zand rose against him and killed him and all the people who were involved in his father's murder. However, with the mediation of Haj Ebrahim Kalantar, the sheriff of Fars and other nobles and elders of Fars forgave the guilt of Khajeh Ali Qoli Khan Afshar, who played the main role in the murder of his father. Apparently, after these events, Khajeh Reza Qoli Khan Afshar, the brother of Khajeh Ali Qoli Khan Afshar, becomes the ruler of Kazerun in his place. In 1790, after the capture of Shiraz by Haj Ibrahim Kalantar and the prevention of Lotf Ali Khan Zand's entry into Shiraz, and at the same time as Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar and his army of 60,000 men moved towards Fars, Khajeh Reza Qoli Khan Afshar Kazeruni, along with his brother, was united with Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar and Haj Ebrahim Kalantar. The ruler of Kazerun became a close friend of Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar and participated in his wars against Lotf Ali Khan Zand. View of Kazerun 29

Finally, when Lotf Ali Khan Zand was on his way to the south from Kazerun, the ruler of Kazerun surrounded him and his forces and planned to arrest Lotf Ali Khan and hand him over to Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar. Lotf Ali Khan Zand and his forces left their horses and fled from the Qebleh mountain range located in the south of Kazerun city towards Dashtestan and

Bushehr Bushehr (; ) is a port city in the Central District (Bushehr County), Central District of Bushehr County, Bushehr province, Bushehr province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. Etymology The roots of the n ...

. Lotf Ali Khan Zand returned to Kazerun after gathering forces in that area and during a battle, arrested Khajeh Reza Qoli Khan Afshar Kazeruni and blinded him and his children for revenge.

Qajar dynasty

In June 1824, a severe earthquake occurred in Kazerun that killed a few thousand people. Following the Persian famine between 1870 and 1872, out of the population of about 10,000 people in the city of Kazerun, about 4,000 people were killed and about 4,000 people were forced to emigrate, and the population of the city of Kazerun decreased to about 2,000 people, which is considered one of the biggest tragedies and demographic shocks in the history of this city. Kazerun was one of the cities with the highest percentage of people killed in this famine. After the

Qajar dynasty The Qajar family (; 1789–1925) was an Iranian royal family founded by Mohammad Khan (), a member of the Qoyunlu clan of the Turkoman-descended Qajar tribe. The dynasty's effective rule in Iran ended in 1925 when Iran's '' Majlis'', conven ...

came to power, the Afshar clan, who had previously fought alongside Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar for his rise to power, were again assigned to the government of Kazerun. The last person of this dynasty who ruled Kazerun was a person named Khajeh Abbas Qoli Khan Afshar Kazeruni who was deposed in 1844 and the rule of Kazerun was removed from the hands of the Afshar dynasty after about 350 years. After that, the ruler of Kazerun was appointed by the central government and different people ruled in Kazerun. For example, in 1856 and during the time of

Naser al-Din Shah Qajar Naser al-Din Shah Qajar (; ; 17 July 1831 – 1 May 1896) was the fourth Shah of Qajar Iran from 5 September 1848 to 1 May 1896 when he was assassinated. During his rule there was internal pressure from the people of Iran, as well as external ...

, Ali Mohammad Khan Qavam al-Mulk was appointed to the government of Kazerun. At one time, Teymur Mirza, the grandson of

Fath-Ali Shah Qajar Fath-Ali Shah Qajar (; 5 August 1772 – 24 October 1834) was the second Shah of Qajar Iran. He reigned from 17 June 1797 until his death on 24 October 1834. His reign saw the irrevocable ceding of Iran's northern territories in the Caucasus, com ...

, was in charge of Kazerun. After that, Amir Azodi's family came to power in Kazerun. Khajeh Hassan Ali was the sheriff of Kazerun for a while, and after him, his son, Khajeh Ebrahim Kalantar was the sheriff. After the death of Khajeh Ebrahim, his brother Khajeh Abdollah Amir Azodi, known as Naser Divan Kazeruni, became the sheriff of Kazerun. The end of the Qajar rule coincided with the

First World War World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

and the occupation of southern Iran by the British. Naser Divan Kazeruni, the sheriff of Kazerun, declared war on the British and fought with them for years. During these years, the city of Kazerun and its surroundings were the scene of many battles. In the first action in 1907, Naser Divan Kazeruni and a group of riflemen from Kazerun blocked the way of British troops who were planning to leave for Shiraz and delayed their stay in Kazerun and Shiraz for several years. In 1911, after an unsuccessful attempt to arrest Naser Divan by the British, which led to the killing of Captain Ohlson and Nasser Divan's departure from the city, an English officer named Colonel Medil became the temporary ruler of Kazerun, who executed some of the fighters of Kazerun and He imprisoned some people, which angered the people of Kazerun. However, with the appointment of Ahmad Akhgar as the commander of the gendarmerie forces of Kazerun, who himself was considered a pro-liberation figure, and the return of Naser Divan Kazeruni to the city, the anger of the people subsided. The sensitivity of the people of Kazerun on the actions of the British in other cities, made Megerdich, the British telegrapher who was in charge of the Kazerun telegraph office, cut the telegraph wire on the order of the British, which caused him to be arrested by the Kazerun freedom fighters. In 1915, the freedom fighters of Kazerun, together with the fighters of some other regions, decided to attack the British forces in Bushehr and liberate this city. But finally, Wilhelm Wassmuss dissuades them from attacking and suggests that they leave the liberation of this city to the people of the same region and wait for bigger battles. After the revolt of the Fars gendarmerie forces and despite the fact that Kazerun was monitored and controlled by the British in every way, Naser Divan Kazeruni sent 700 fighting riflemen with the help of the Shiraz gendarmerie forces and 200 riflemen to help the people of Dashtestan. Finally, the rebellion of the Fars Gendarmerie was suppressed and this organization became the South Persia Rifles, under the supervision of the British. The British deployed the South Persia Rifles in several important cities in the south of the country, including Kazerun. Naser Divan and the freedom fighters of Kazerun, who were dissatisfied with this issue, declared war on them in 1916 and disarmed the South Persia Rifles headquarters in Kazerun. They also arrested Amir Nosrat Nouri, the then governor of Kazerun. For more than 3 years, forces from Kazerun also blocked the main north–south road between the

and Shiraz. Following this incident,

Abdol-Hossein Farman Farma Abdol-Hossein Farman-Farma (; 1857 – November 1939) was a prominent Iranian prince of the Qajar dynasty and one of the most influential Iranian politicians in the Qajar Iran, Qajar era. Born in Tabriz to Firuz Mirza, Prince Nosrat Dowleh Fir ...

, Governor of Fars wrote in a telegraph to Tehran that as he had predicted, the revolution in Fars had started. General

Percy Sykes Brigadier-General Sir Percy Molesworth Sykes, (28 February 1867 – 11 June 1945) was a British soldier, diplomat, and scholar with a considerable literary output. He wrote historical, geographical, and biographical works, as well as describin ...

, one of the British officials and the founder of the South Persia Rifles, upon hearing the news of this incident, sent his troops to Kazerun. But before the English forces arrived in Kazerun, the Kazerun riflemen blocked the way for the British in the Dasht-e Arzhan area. Clashes accompanied between the two sides caused the British to retreat towards Shiraz. In this battle, Captain Vetikogol, one of the British officials, was also killed. The author of the book "Police of Southern Iran" wrote as follows: After that, Naser Divan Kazeruni and his riflemen attacked

Shiraz Shiraz (; ) is the List of largest cities of Iran, fifth-most-populous city of Iran and the capital of Fars province, which has been historically known as Pars (Sasanian province), Pars () and Persis. As of the 2016 national census, the popu ...

in alliance with Qashqai warriors and captured this city. But in the end, with the threat of the fall of Kazerun intensifying, Naser Divan left Shiraz and returned to Kazerun. Finally, the British attacked Kazerun in 1919. Following this incident, Naser Divan Kazeruni was arrested and exiled, and his comrades were also imprisoned. The north–south road of the country was reopened after more than 3 years and with the presence of 20 thousand people. Ali Naghi Behrouzi, an author from Kazerun who witnessed this incident in his childhood, wrote about this incident years later: In one of the British reports regarding the reopening of Kazerun road, it is stated as follows: After capturing Kazerun, the British appointed a person named Salar Mo'tazed to govern Kazerun temporarily. In 1918, Kazerun became one of the first cities in Iran to have a Baladiyeh (Municipality). during the Qajar dynasty many people from Kazerun migrated to

Bahrain Bahrain, officially the Kingdom of Bahrain, is an island country in West Asia. Situated on the Persian Gulf, it comprises a small archipelago of 50 natural islands and an additional 33 artificial islands, centered on Bahrain Island, which mak ...

, today there are many people with the surname Kazeruni.

Pahlavi

With the beginning of the Pahlavi rule, the sovereignty of Kazerun remained in the hands of Naser Divan Kazeruni, who had returned from exile, until 1941. In 1931, following the change of the administrative system, Baladiyeh of Kazerun became Kazerun Municipality. Following the establishment of official political divisions in 1937, Iran was divided into 10 provinces, and Kazerun was placed in the seventh province (Fars and Ports). In 1946, this province was divided into 7 counties, including Kazerun. In this year, the governorate of Kazerun County was established with the center of Kazerun city. At that time, Kazerun County, in addition to the current area, included the current counties of Mamasani,

Rostam use both this parameter and , birth_date to display the person's date of birth, date of death, and age at death) --> , death_place = Kabulistan , death_cause = With the conspiracy of his half-brother Shaghad, he fell into a we ...

, Kuhchenar, as well as Arzhan District of

Shiraz County Shiraz County () is in Fars province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Shiraz. History After the 2006 National Census, Kavar District was separated from the county in the establishment of Kavar County; Korbal District to establish Khar ...

and parts of

Dashtestan County Dashtestan County () is in Bushehr province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Borazjan. History The Gur-e Dokhtar is a 6th-century tomb near the border with Fars province. It is probably the resting place of Cyrus I ( Cyrus II's grandfa ...

, all of which in the following years became independent or separated from the body of Kazerun County. In the 1960s, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province was part of the Kazerun County, which later became an independent province. The population of Kazerun city (without suburbs) in the first official census of Iran in 1956 was about 31,000 people. In this year, Kazerun was considered as the second largest and most populous city in Fars and Ports province and one of the 30 most populous cities in Iran. During the

1953 Iranian coup d'état The 1953 Iranian coup d'état, known in Iran as the 28 Mordad coup d'état (), was the overthrow of Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh on 19 August 1953. Led by the Iranian army and supported by the United States and the United Kingdom, the co ...

, the people of Kazerun supported

Mohammad Mosaddegh Mohammad Mosaddegh (, ; 16 June 1882 – 5 March 1967) was an Iranian politician, author, and lawyer who served as the 30th Prime Minister of Iran from 1951 to 1953, elected by the 1950 Iranian legislative election, 16th Majlis. He was a membe ...

. In 1964, with the construction of a new road from the north to the south of the country, which passed through the city of Kazerun, this city was in a communication deadlock, and this issue caused a severe economic blow to the city and the widespread migration of the people of Kazerun to other cities. The representatives of Kazerun in the

National Consultative Assembly The National Consultative Assembly (), or simply Majles, was the national legislative body of Iran from 1906 to 1979. It was elected by universal suffrage Universal suffrage or universal franchise ensures the right to vote for as many people ...

included Khosrowparviz, Zabihi Soltan Ahmadi, Tabatabaei, Sadeghi, Jabbari and Behnia, each of whom represented Kazerun in this parliament for one or more terms.

Islamic Republic

During the Iran-Iraq war, 1,300 fighters of Kazerun were martyred. Kazerun had the highest number of martyrs among all Iranian cities in the two operations to

Liberation of Susangerd Liberation of Susangerd (also known as "Susangerd-Operation") was a military operation during Iran-Iraq War, which was commenced on 19 November 1980 by the common command of Islamic Republic of Iran Army and Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps and ...

and Karbala-4. In 2018, the people of Kazerun gathered in protest against the division of Kazerun County and demanded the formation of a new province centered on the city of Kazerun. In 2019, Kazerun governorate was promoted to a special governorate.

Demographics

Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 84,594 in 20,810 households. The following census in 2011 counted 89,685 people in 25,034 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 96,683 people in 28,988 households. It is the fifth-largest city in Fars.

Climate

Kazerun has a

hot semi-arid climate A semi-arid climate, semi-desert climate, or steppe climate is a dry climate sub-type. It is located on regions that receive precipitation below potential evapotranspiration, but not as low as a desert climate. There are different kinds of sem ...

(

Köppen climate classification The Köppen climate classification divides Earth climates into five main climate groups, with each group being divided based on patterns of seasonal precipitation and temperature. The five main groups are ''A'' (tropical), ''B'' (arid), ''C'' (te ...

: ''BSh'').

Tourism

Kazerun, having more than 300 historical monuments registered in the

Iran National Heritage List Iran National Heritage List is a register of nationally significant monuments, places, buildings, events, etc., officially registered under the National Heritage Preservation Act of 1930. According to Article 1 of this law, "All the industrial mon ...

, including the world collection of Bishapur, Shapur Cave and Tang-e Chogan and other historical monuments such as the Historic district of Kazerun, the tomb of famous people, caravanserais and fire temples, significant natural monuments such as Parishan Lake, Dasht-e Barm Forest, Daffodil farms of Kazerun, rivers and springs, religious attractions such as Imamzade Seyyed Hossein, mountain parks and historical gardens, museums and unique souvenirs are among the country's tourism hubs. Kazerun is also one of the cities with the most

Sasanian The Sasanian Empire (), officially Eranshahr ( , "Empire of the Iranians"), was an Iranian empire that was founded and ruled by the House of Sasan from 224 to 651. Enduring for over four centuries, the length of the Sasanian dynasty's reign ...

period Historical monuments in the country. One of the nicknames of Kazerun is the ''Green city'', which is due to the greenery of this city, especially in the mild seasons of the year. According to the head of the Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts Department of Kazerun, in the

Nowruz Nowruz (, , () , () , () , () , Kurdish language, Kurdish: () , () , () , () , , , , () , , ) is the Iranian or Persian New Year. Historically, it has been observed by Iranian peoples, but is now celebrated by many ...

of 1403 Solar Hijri (2024), more than half a million people have visited the historical monuments of Kazerun. Also, according to the statistics of this department, in 1395 Solar Hijri (2016–2017), more than two million and 200 thousand people visited the historical attractions of Kazerun.

Bishapur ancient city

The ancient city of Bishapur, with an area of 200 hectares, was one of the capitals of Iran during the

Sassanid Empire The Sasanian Empire (), officially Eranshahr ( , "Empire of the Iranians"), was an Iranian empire that was founded and ruled by the House of Sasan from 224 to 651. Enduring for over four centuries, the length of the Sasanian dynasty's reign ...

, and with its destruction after the Arab conquest of Persia, its people gradually migrated to the city of Kazerun. This city is one of the registered works of Iran in the UNESCO

World Heritage Site World Heritage Sites are landmarks and areas with legal protection under an treaty, international treaty administered by UNESCO for having cultural, historical, or scientific significance. The sites are judged to contain "cultural and natural ...

. Bishapur, which was built with the Greek urban planning method, includes a collection of magnificent works such as Anahita Temple, Valerian Palace, Ivan-e Mosaic, Ceremonial Hall, inscriptions, castles and other historical monuments. HerbertGreg11.jpg, Anahita Temple HerbertGreg9.jpg, Bishapur Alleys Iran - Fars - Bishabur - Daughter Castle - بیشابور - قلعه دختر - panoramio.jpg, Daughter Castle of Bishapur Bishapur ritual alter (6223627486).jpg, Bishapur memorial pillars

Shapur cave

Shapur Cave is located at an altitude of 800 meters above the ground and the statue of

, the Sassanid king, is located at a height of 7 meters at its entrance. This statue is considered the biggest statue of ancient Iran. Shapur cave is also included in the list of world Heritage Sites. The Colossal Statue of Shapur I.jpg, Colossal statue of Shapur I in Shapur cave ‎مجسمه شاپور اول توسط روح‌اله یگانه.jpg, Colossal statue of Shapur I Shaapoor Startrail.jpg, A view from behind the Shapur statue Shaapoor Cave Panorama 360 virtual Reality.jpg, A view of the entrance of Shapur Cave at night

Chogan valley

Chogan valley ''(

: Tang-e Chowgān)'' is a collection of 6 magnificent

Relief Relief is a sculpture, sculptural method in which the sculpted pieces remain attached to a solid background of the same material. The term ''wikt:relief, relief'' is from the Latin verb , to raise (). To create a sculpture in relief is to give ...

s of the

period that have been registered in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. This

Valley A valley is an elongated low area often running between hills or mountains and typically containing a river or stream running from one end to the other. Most valleys are formed by erosion of the land surface by rivers or streams over ...

was the place where Sasanian kings played

polo Polo is a stick and ball game that is played on horseback as a traditional field sport. It is one of the world's oldest known team sports, having been adopted in the Western world from the game of Chovgan (), which originated in ancient ...

(

: چوگان

: Chowgān). The reilefs of Tang-e Chogan include the description of events such as the victory of

over three Roman emperors, the victory of Bahram II over the Arabs, the ceremony of receiving the

Khvarenah ''Khvarenah'' (also spelled ''khwarenah'' or ''xwarra(h)'': ) is an Avestan word for a Zoroastrian concept literally denoting "glory" or "splendour" but understood as a divine mystical force or power projected upon and aiding the appointed. The ...

by Shapur I from

Ahura Mazda Ahura Mazda (; ; or , ),The former is the New Persian rendering of the Avestan form, while the latter derives from Middle Persian. also known as Horomazes (),, is the only creator deity and Sky deity, god of the sky in the ancient Iranian ...

, the victory of

Shapur II Shapur II ( , 309–379), also known as Shapur the Great, was the tenth King of Kings (List of monarchs of the Sasanian Empire, Shahanshah) of Sasanian Iran. He took the title at birth and held it until his death at age 70, making him the List ...

over rebels and other historical events. Kazeroun - Tange Chogan - panoramio (13).jpg, Reliefs in Tang-e Chogan Tange Chogan Shapur I Darafsh (32).JPG, Relief in Tang-e Chogan Tang-e Chogan by Hadi Karimi 27.jpg, Tang-e Chogan Tang-e Chogan by Hadi Karimi 39.jpg, Relief in Tang-e Chogan Tang-e Chogan Bishapour, Fars, Iran.jpg, Relief in Tang-e Chogan

Kazerun Historical Grand Bazaar

The historical grand

bazaar A bazaar or souk is a marketplace consisting of multiple small Market stall, stalls or shops, especially in the Middle East, the Balkans, Central Asia, North Africa and South Asia. They are traditionally located in vaulted or covered streets th ...

of Kazerun is one of the few indoor bazaars in Iran, part of its new building is Safavid and part Qajar. Kazerun Grand Bazaar includes the subcategories of Shah Hamzeh Bazaar, Moein Al-Tojjar Bazaar, Mokhi Bazaar, Felt Makers Bazaar, Gold Sellers Bazaar, Clothing Sellers Bazaar, Shoe Sellers Bazaar, Brothers Bazaar, Coppersmiths Bazaar (Abafath) and several other small Bazaars. KazerunHistoricalBazaar.jpg, The architecture of the historical bazaar of Kazerun Kazerun Bazaar 3.jpg, Plaster vaults in Kazerun bazaar

Historic District of Kazerun

The

historic district A historic district or heritage district is a section of a city which contains historic building, older buildings considered valuable for historical or architectural reasons. In some countries or jurisdictions, historic districts receive legal p ...

of Kazerun city is a collection of houses,

mosques A mosque ( ), also called a masjid ( ), is a place of worship for Muslims. The term usually refers to a covered building, but can be any place where Islamic prayers are performed; such as an outdoor courtyard. Originally, mosques were simple p ...

, baths,

arch An arch is a curved vertical structure spanning an open space underneath it. Arches may support the load above them, or they may perform a purely decorative role. As a decorative element, the arch dates back to the 4th millennium BC, but stru ...

ways ''(

: ساباط

: Sābāt)'' and other historic buildings, which mainly belong to the

Safavid The Guarded Domains of Iran, commonly called Safavid Iran, Safavid Persia or the Safavid Empire, was one of the largest and longest-lasting Iranian empires. It was ruled from 1501 to 1736 by the Safavid dynasty. It is often considered the begi ...

and

Qajar The Guarded Domains of Iran, alternatively the Sublime State of Iran and commonly called Qajar Iran, Qajar Persia or the Qajar Empire, was the Iranian state under the rule of the Qajar dynasty, which was of Turkic origin,Cyrus Ghani. ''Iran an ...

periods. According to the latest investigations, more than 420 houses with historical value and 9 Sābāt (archway) have remained in the historic district of Kazerun city, several of which have been registered in the Iran National Heritage List. The architecture of the historic district of Kazerun is an example of the continuation of

Sasanian architecture Sasanian architecture refers to the Persian architecture, Persian architectural style that reached a peak in its development during the Sasanian era. In many ways the Sasanian Empire period (224–651 CE) witnessed the highest achievement of Hist ...

in combination with

Islamic architecture Islamic architecture comprises the architectural styles of buildings associated with Islam. It encompasses both Secularity, secular and religious styles from the early history of Islam to the present day. The Muslim world, Islamic world encompasse ...

. Historical Texture of Kazerun 1.jpg, A building built in the Zend dynasty Historical House in Kazerun 2.jpg, A plaster vault Historical House in Kazerun 3.jpg, A plaster vault عمارت حاج اسماعیل 2.jpg, A historical house Qajari door in Kazerun 2.jpg, A historical door Historical House in Kazerun 1.jpg, A historical house Historical Texture of Kazerun 4.jpg, A Sabat (archway) Historical Texture of Kazerun 5.jpg, A Sabat (archway) Historical Texture of Kazerun 3.jpg, A window with the indigenous architecture of Kazerun

Parishan Lake

Parishan Lake with an area of 4300 hectares was considered the largest fresh water lake in the

Middle East The Middle East (term originally coined in English language) is a geopolitical region encompassing the Arabian Peninsula, the Levant, Turkey, Egypt, Iran, and Iraq. The term came into widespread usage by the United Kingdom and western Eur ...

until the drought in 2008. As an international

wetland A wetland is a distinct semi-aquatic ecosystem whose groundcovers are flooded or saturated in water, either permanently, for years or decades, or only seasonally. Flooding results in oxygen-poor ( anoxic) processes taking place, especially ...

and a

protected area Protected areas or conservation areas are locations which receive protection because of their recognized natural or cultural values. Protected areas are those areas in which human presence or the exploitation of natural resources (e.g. firewood ...

, this lake was the habitat of all kinds of fish and migratory birds. The most basic project proposed for the restoration of this lake was the transfer of water from the Nargesi dam of Kazerun. درياچه پريشان parishan lake - panoramio.jpg, A view of Parishan Lake before the drought Dashte Barm Forest and Parishan Lake of Kazerun.jpg, A view of Parishan Lake from the top of the mountains of Dasht-e Barm forest

Dasht-e Barm Forest

Dasht-e Barm (Barm plain) Forest with an area of more than 25,000 hectares, is the largest

Oak An oak is a hardwood tree or shrub in the genus ''Quercus'' of the beech family. They have spirally arranged leaves, often with lobed edges, and a nut called an acorn, borne within a cup. The genus is widely distributed in the Northern Hemisp ...

forest in the Middle East, a UNESCO

Nature reserve A nature reserve (also known as a wildlife refuge, wildlife sanctuary, biosphere reserve or bioreserve, natural or nature preserve, or nature conservation area) is a protected area of importance for flora, fauna, funga, or features of geologic ...

and the habitat of various rare animal species, including the

Persian fallow deer The Persian fallow deer (''Dama mesopotamica'') is a deer species once native to all of the Middle East, but currently only living in Iran and Israel. It was reintroduced in Israel. It has been listed as endangered on the IUCN Red List since 2008 ...

, and is considered one of the main tourist attractions in Kazerun. Iran - Fars - Nature of Kazerun Road - panoramio.jpg, Vegetation of the Dasht-e Barm Oak Trees - Dasht-e-Barm Near Kazerun - panoramio.jpg, A view of Dasht-e Barm Dashte Barm Forest 3.jpg, Oak trees and

Poppy A poppy is a flowering plant in the subfamily Papaveroideae of the family Papaveraceae. Poppies are herbaceous plants, often grown for their colourful flowers. One species of poppy, '' Papaver somniferum'', is the source of the narcotic drug ...

flowers in Dasht-e Barm Dashte Barm Forest 1.jpg, Nature of Dasht-e Barm Dashte Barm Forest 2.jpg, A local access road in Dasht-e Barm

Daffodil farms of Kazerun

Daffodil farms of Kazerun ''(

: نرگس‌زار کازرون

: Nargeszăr-e Kāzerun)'' with an area of 140 hectares is the largest natural narcissus plain in Iran and is known as the ''Home of narcissus in Iran''. Every year in January and February, the narcissus flower festival is held in this narcissus garden. نرگس 1.jpg, Narcissus of Kazerun نرگس 3.jpg, Narcissus plain of Kazerun جشنواره گل نرگس کازرون 4.jpg, Narcissus flower festival in Kazerun

Imamzadeh Seyed Hossein Shrine

The mausoleum of Imamzade Seyyed Hossein, the great-grandson of the fourth Imam Shia Islam, is one of the most prominent religious shrines in the south of the country.

Nazar garden

Nazar Garden is one of the 300-year-old historical gardens of Kazerun, which was built by Khajeh Ali Qoli Khan Afshar of Kazerun, the ruler of Kazerun during the Afsharid period in this city. Nazar Garden of Kazerun 1.jpg, Nazar Garden Shapur Sasani Statue in Nazar Garden of Kazerun 1.jpg, Statue of

, the

King in Nazar Garden Nazar Garden of Kazerun 3.jpg, Nazar Garden Nazar Garden of Kazerun 8.jpg, Nazar Garden Nazar Garden of Kazerun 17.jpg, Nazar Garden

Tikab valley

Tikab valley ''(

: تنگ تیکاب

: Tang-e Tikāb)'' is considered a historical and natural resort. The caves in this mountain park were among the first settlements of early humans around 18 thousand years BC. There are statues of native animals of the Arjan and Parishan Protected Area in this park. Tange Tikab of Kazerun.jpg, A view of Tang-e Tikab Tangetikabkazerun14.jpg, Statues of native animals of the Arjan and Parishan Protected Area Theentranceoftaleghanipark2.jpg, Entrance of Tang-e Tikab Tange Tikab of Kazerun 1.jpg, A view of Tang-e Tikab from inside one of the caves Tange Tikab Park of Kazerun 2.jpg, Tang-e Tikab

Tomb of the famous people

There are famous tombs of Abu Ishaq of Kazerun, Amin al-Din Balyani, Jalal al-Din Davani, Abdollah Balyani and Nasrollah Mardani in Kazerun and its suburbs. Tomb of Abu Ishaq Kazeruni 2.jpg, Tomb of Abu Ishaq of Kazerun Amin al-Din Balyani Tomb in Kazerun 1.jpg, Tomb of Amin al-Din Balyani Allame Davani.jpg, Tomb of Jalal al-Din Davani Abdollah Balyani Mausoleum.jpg, Tomb of Abdollah Balyani Nasrollahmardanitomb.jpg, Tomb of Nasrollah Mardani

Caravanserais

Due to its location on the country's commercial highway, Kazerun has had numerous

caravanserai A caravanserai (or caravansary; ) was an inn that provided lodging for travelers, merchants, and Caravan (travellers), caravans. They were present throughout much of the Islamic world. Depending on the region and period, they were called by a ...

s throughout history, most of which have disappeared today. However, there are currently three prominent caravanserais of the

era in the suburbs of Kazerun. Mian-Kotal Caravanserai is the most prominent of them, which is known as the only stone caravanserai in Iran. The other two caravanserais include Kamarej and Konartakhteh caravanserais.

Rivers and springs

The two main rivers, Shapur and Jereh, pass from the west and east sides of Kazerun and are among the tourist attractions of this city. Among the prominent springs of Kazerun, we can mention the springs of Sarab-e Ardeshir, Sasan, Sarab-e Dokhtaran, Dadin and Bidmeshk. Ob bozi (2674032298).jpg, Shapur river Sarab-e Ardeshir Spring of Kazerun.jpg, Sarab-e Ardeshir spring Shapur River of Kazerun.jpg, Shapur river

Other parks and gardens

In addition to the mentioned cases, Kazerun city has several large and small parks and gardens. This city also has several hilly and forest parks. Rafi Garden of Kazerun.jpg, Rafi garden Rafi Garden.jpg, Rafi garden at night Mardani Park 2.jpg, Mardani park Shadi Hill of Kazerun.jpg, Tepe Shadi amusement park which is now abandoned

Other historical attractions

Among the other historical attractions of Kazerun, we can mention Kartir's relief in Sarmashhad, Fire Temple of Kazerun, Puskan Castle, Jereh Fire Temple and Teymoor Mirza relief. نقش بهرام در سرمشهد.jpg,

Kartir Kartir (also spelled Karder, Karter and Kerdir; Middle Persian: 𐭪𐭫𐭲𐭩𐭫 ''Kardīr'') was a powerful and influential Zoroastrian priest during the reigns of four Sasanian kings in the 3rd century. His name is cited in the inscriptions ...

's relief آتشکده-چهار-طاق-جره.jpg, Jereh Fire temple Kazeroun - Teymour inscription - panoramio.jpg, The relief of Teymoor Mirza, the ruler of Kazerun during the Qajar period and the grandson of

Other natural tourist attractions

Other natural attractions of Kazerun include the heights of the northern and southern mountain ranges, the plains around the city, as well as the historical Kalani and Buranjan

Cypress Cypress is a common name for various coniferous trees or shrubs from the ''Cupressus'' genus of the '' Cupressaceae'' family, typically found in temperate climates and subtropical regions of Asia, Europe, and North America. The word ''cypress'' ...

es. Nature of Kazerun.jpg, The nature of the plains around Kazerun Flowers Plain of Kazerun 2.jpg, The plain of purple flowers of Kazerun Flowers Plain of Kazerun 1.jpg, The plain of purple flowers of Kazerun

Other religious attractions

Among the other important religious attractions in Kazerun, we can mention the holy shrine of Shah Hamzeh, Imamzadeh Seyyed Mohammad Nourbakhsh, Imamzadeh Seyyed Mohammad Kashi and

Khidr Al-Khidr (, ; also Romanized as ''al-Khadir, Khader, Khidr, Hidr, Khizr, Kezr, Kathir, Khazer, Khadr, Khedher, Khizir, Khizar, Khilr'') is a folk figure of Islam. He is described in Surah Al-Kahf, as a righteous servant of God possessing great w ...

steps. Nourbakhsh Shrine in Kazerun 1.jpg, Imamzadeh Seyyed Mohammad Nourbakhsh Imamzadeh Seyed Mohammad Kashi in Kazerun.jpg, Imamzadeh Seyyed Mohammad Kashi

Souvenir

Kazerun has many

Handicraft A handicraft is a traditional main sector of craft making and applies to a wide range of creative and design activities that are related to making things with one's hands and skill, including work with textiles, moldable and rigid material ...

s and

Souvenir A souvenir ( French for 'a remembrance or memory'), memento, keepsake, or token of remembrance is an object a person acquires for the memories the owner associates with it. A souvenir can be any object that can be collected or purchased and trans ...

s. Among the most prominent handicrafts of Kazerun, we can mention Dulcheh, Malki and Rovar (varieties of

Giveh Giveh or Giwah () is a kind of handmade shoe that is common in several parts of Iran especially in rural and mountainous areas of Kermanshah Province. The production centers of Giveh are the provinces of Yazd Province, Yazd and Kermanshah and Arak ...

Mosaic A mosaic () is a pattern or image made of small regular or irregular pieces of colored stone, glass or ceramic, held in place by plaster/Mortar (masonry), mortar, and covering a surface. Mosaics are often used as floor and wall decoration, and ...

Earthenware Earthenware is glazed or unglazed Vitrification#Ceramics, nonvitreous pottery that has normally been fired below . Basic earthenware, often called terracotta, absorbs liquids such as water. However, earthenware can be made impervious to liquids ...

Persian Carpet A Persian carpet ( ), Persian rug ( ),Savory, R., ''Carpets'',(Encyclopaedia Iranica); accessed 30 January 2007. or Iranian carpet is a heavy textile made for a wide variety of utilitarian and symbolic purposes and produced in Iran (histo ...

Kilim A kilim ( ; ; ) is a flat tapestry-weaving, woven carpet or rug traditionally produced in countries of the former Persian Empire, including Iran and Turkey, but also in the Balkans and the Turkic countries. Kilims can be purely decorative ...

Gabbeh Gabbeh or gabba () carpets are a traditional variety of Persian carpet. Gabbeh is known as gava in Kurdish language, Kurdish and Luri language, Luri and is also called khersak () in Bakhtiari dialect, Bakhtiari, literally meaning a "bear's cub". ...

Felt Felt is a textile that is produced by matting, condensing, and pressing fibers together. Felt can be made of natural fibers such as wool or animal fur, or from synthetic fibers such as petroleum-based acrylic fiber, acrylic or acrylonitrile or ...

, Jajim, Hat, Yalmeh carpet, Basket and Copper items. Among the foods of Kazerun, Aush of Kazerun has reached the national register. Other famous food souvenirs of Kazerun include the traditional Kabab koobideh of Kazerun, Ashkardeh, Aush of Akhrak (Mountain

Almond The almond (''Prunus amygdalus'', Synonym (taxonomy)#Botany, syn. ''Prunus dulcis'') is a species of tree from the genus ''Prunus''. Along with the peach, it is classified in the subgenus ''Amygdalus'', distinguished from the other subgenera ...

), Aush of

Herb Herbs are a widely distributed and widespread group of plants, excluding vegetables, with savory or aromatic properties that are used for flavoring and garnishing food, for medicinal purposes, or for fragrances. Culinary use typically distingu ...

, Lamrik Aush, Dum pukht of Kazerun, Golak-Moosir Torshi, Gabuleh, Lalak of

Eggplant Eggplant (American English, US, Canadian English, CA, Australian English, AU, Philippine English, PH), aubergine (British English, UK, Hiberno English, IE, New Zealand English, NZ), brinjal (Indian English, IN, Singapore English, SG, Malays ...

, Keverak Torshi,

Ayran Ayran ( ) is a cold savory yogurt-based beverage that is consumed across Central Asia, and the Balkans, in Turkey and Iran. The principal ingredients are yogurt, water and salt. Herbs such as mint may be optionally added. Some varieties are ...

Chicory Common chicory (''Cichorium intybus'') is a somewhat woody, perennial herbaceous plant of the family Asteraceae, usually with bright blue flowers, rarely white or pink. Native to Europe, it has been introduced to the Americas and Australia. M ...

Date palm ''Phoenix dactylifera'', commonly known as the date palm, is a flowering-plant species in the palm family Arecaceae, cultivated for its edible sweet #Fruits, fruit called dates. The species is widely cultivated across North Africa, northern A ...

, Masghati,

Citrus ''Citrus'' is a genus of flowering trees and shrubs in the family Rutaceae. Plants in the genus produce citrus fruits, including important crops such as oranges, mandarins, lemons, grapefruits, pomelos, and limes. ''Citrus'' is nativ ...

fruits,

Olive The olive, botanical name ''Olea europaea'' ("European olive"), is a species of Subtropics, subtropical evergreen tree in the Family (biology), family Oleaceae. Originating in Anatolia, Asia Minor, it is abundant throughout the Mediterranean ...

and

. pointed out Narcissus flower and

Orange blossom The orange blossom is the fragrant flower of the orange (fruit), ''Citrus sinensis'' (orange tree). It is used in perfume making and has been written about as an aphrodisiac. Orange blossom Essential oil, essence is an important component in ...

can be mentioned among other typical souvenirs of Kazerun. Also, Tang-e Chogan village of Kazerun has been registered as a national ''Rendbafi'' village in the country. Traditional Kebab of Kazerun.jpg, Traditional Kebab of Kazerun Narcissus of Kazerun.jpg, Narcissus of Kazerun Dulche of Kazerun.jpg, Dulcheh, From the special souvenirs of Kazerun

Museums

Among the important museums of Kazerun, we can mention the Anthropology Museum of Kazerun and the Bishapur Museum. Several rural museums are also active in the target villages of tourism in the suburbs of Kazerun. Kazerun Museum.jpg, Anthropological Museum of Kazerun Museum of Bishapur (4).JPG, Bishapur Museum

Hotels and accommodation centers

In Kazerun, there is a hotel and several accommodation centers, including numerous Ecolodge residence. Bishapur Hotel of Kazerun.jpg, Bishapur hotel of Kazerun Bishapur Ecolodge of Kazerun.jpg, A Ecolodge residence in Tang-e Chogan of Kazerun

Higher Education

The first higher education center of Kazerun was established under the supervision of Tehran University of Medical Sciences under the name of ''Kazerun Health Research Training Station'' in 1955 in this city. In 1978, Azad University of Iran established a branch in Kazerun, but the activity of this university was stopped with the occurrence of the Islamic Revolution. At present, 6 university centers are operating in Kazerun city. Salman Farsi University of Kazerun is known as the scientific hub of west of Fars province. Also, the Islamic Azad University, Kazerun branch, is the only branch of the Islamic Azad University in the southwest of the country, which has its own medical faculty and hospital. Salmanfarsiuniversity3.jpg, Faculty of Sciences of Salman Farsi University of Kazerun AzaduniKazerun.jpg, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun branch kazerunpayamnooruni.jpg, Payame Noor University, Kazerun branch

Economy

Market

In the centuries after Islam, the historical large bazaar of Kazerun was one of the commercial hubs of the south of the country. Even now, this market and other commercial centers of Kazerun are the commercial hub of west of Fars province and cover the main needs of the people of this region. KazerunHistoricalBazaar.jpg, Kazerun Grand Bazaar BazargananComplexofKazerun.jpg, A commercial complex in Kazerun

Industry

Among the infrastructures and large industrial units of Kazerun, the following can be mentioned:

Kazerun Special Economic Zone and Customs

Kazerun Special Economic Zone has an area of 183 hectares. So far, 7 big investment contracts have been concluded in this special economic zone. Kazerun Customs is also located in this special economic zone and has made it possible to export and import to other parts of the world. kazeroonspecialeconomiczone.jpg, Kazerun Special Economic Zone

Khesht Oil Field

Currently, the executive operations of the Khesht and Konartakhte oil field are being carried out. and has one billion and 53 million barrels of oil.

Shahid Moslehian Industrial Area of Kazerun

This industrial area has 48 hectares of industrial land. Currently, 35 production and industrial units with employment of 600 people are active in this industrial area.

Kazerun Petrochemical

The construction of Kazerun Petrochemical Complex started in 2007 with the aim of producing polyethylene products. This project is currently on hold.

Kazerun Combined Cycle Power Plant

This combined cycle power plant with a production capacity of 1373 megawatts, is the third largest combined cycle power plant in the country.

Agriculture

Kazerun is one of the agricultural poles of the country and many of its products are exported to other countries.

Fruit and Vegetable Fields

There are two large fields of fruits and vegetables in Kazerun, which supply a huge part of fruits and vegetables in the south of the country. fruitsmarketofkazerun.jpg, Imam Hossein fruit and vegetable field

Agricultural Cold Storages

Kazerun has a total of 36 cold storage units for storing agricultural products.

Wheat Silo of Kazerun

The big wheat storage silo of Kazerun has a capacity of 50,000 tons.

Water reserves

Nargesi Dam

Nargesi Dam is one of the big dams under construction by Iran's Ministry of Energy in Kazerun. The purpose of building this dam is to control and contain floods, provide agricultural water for 12 thousand hectares of downstream lands, provide drinking water for the region and water for industry in the cities of Kazerun and Farrashband, including the water needed by Kazerun Petrochemical and the South Zagros industrial area, rehabilitate the Parishan Lake, provide Environmental water and electric energy production is 48.3 gigawatt hours per year.

Kazerun Wastewater Treatment Plant

Kazerun urban wastewater treatment plant with the current capacity of treating 17100 cubic meters of water per day is located in the south of Kazerun city. The development of Kazerun urban sewage network is currently underway.

Healthcare System

''Kazerun Health and Treatment Network'' is the highest health authority in Kazerun. Before the Islamic Revolution, two ''Behbahani'' and ''Pahlavi'' hospitals were active in Kazerun, but now both of them are inactive. Currently, two hospitals and several clinics and treatment centers are active in Kazerun city.

Hospitals

valiasrhospitalofkazerun.jpg, ValieAsr Hospital Imam Ali Hospital of Kazerun.jpg, Imam Ali Hospital

Hospital projects

The third and largest hospital of Kazerun with 206 beds is under construction in the southeast of Kazerun city.

Kazerun Medical System Organization

Kazerun Medical System Organization has 759 members.

Emergency bases

Emergency 115 Kazerun has 2 bases in Kazerun city and 7 bases in the outskirts of Kazerun (9 bases in total). Kazerun Medical Emergency and Accident Management Center is operating under the supervision of Fars Emergency Organization. emergencyorganizationkazerun.jpg, Urban emergency base number 1

Transportation

Roads

Kazerun is located on the north–south transportation route of the country and has three main entrances and exits on three sides, east, southeast, and west, as well as four secondary exits. The Moharram tunnel and access road construction project is considered the most important active road construction project in Kazerun.

East exit

In this direction, the city of Kazerun is connected to the center of the country and the cities of Shiraz, Isfahan and Tehran through the Kazerun-Dasht Arjan axis. This route is also touristic and passes through the middle of the forest Barm plain and the edge of Parishan Lake and is considered one of the most beautiful roads in the country. The eastern entrance of Kazeroon.jpg, Parishan Blvd. east entrance of Kazerun Eastern exit of Kazeroon.jpg, Eastern exit of Kazerun

West exit

In this direction, the city of Kazerun is connected to the northwestern cities of Fars province and the provinces of Khuzestan, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad and Bushehr through the axis of Kazerun-Qaemiyeh and Kazerun-Rahadar. A part of this route passes through the ancient city of

and Tang Chogan, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Southeast exit

In this direction, the city of Kazerun is connected to the southwestern cities of Fars province and the provinces of Hormozgan and Bushehr through the axis of Kazerun-Baladeh.

Moharram tunnel construction project and access roads

The construction project of Moharram tunnel and access roads started in 2009 in Kazerun-Kanaratakhte axis and is still ongoing. This project has facilitated the access of Kazerun city to the south of the country and can send a part of the passing traffic from the north to the south of the country to this city.

Secondary exits

Kazerun also has 4 secondary exits, two exits to Davan village, one exit to Qaleh-ye Seyyed village and one exit to Golestan village.

Passenger Terminal

Shahre Sabz passenger terminal affiliated with Kazerun Municipality is operating in this city. greencityterminalofkazeroon.jpg, Shahre Sabz passenger terminal

Intra-city transportation

City buses

Currently, 22 buses and 3 minibuses are serving the citizens of Kazerun and its suburbs under the supervision of Kazerun Municipal Transportation Management Organization.

Sport

Handball Handball (also known as team handball, European handball, Olympic handball or indoor handball) is a team sport in which two teams of seven players each (six outcourt players and a goalkeeper) pass a ball using their hands with the aim of thr ...

is the first sport of Kazerun and this city is considered one of the poles of handball in the country. Other popular and long-standing sports in Kazerun include football, wrestling, cycling, basketball, volleyball, and Pahlevani and zoorkhaneh rituals.

Sport clubs

The most prominent sports teams of Kazerun are currently two teams Niroo Zamini of Kazerun in the Iran Men's Premier Handball League and Zagros Jonoubi of Kazerun in the Iran Women's Premier Handball League. The venue for the home games of these two teams is the ''2500 people Takhti Hall (Kazerun Handball Hall)''. Kazerun Handball has participated in the men's and women's premier league under different names over the past years and has a history of winning several championships and vice-championships and advancing to the Asian Club League Handball Championship. Kazerun's men's handball teams, despite advancing to the Asian Club Cup competitions 6 times, have participated in these competitions only twice, and women's teams have not participated in these competitions, despite being promoted 3 times, which was mainly due to financial problems. The top titles of Kazerun men's handball teams in the Premier League The presence of Kazerun men's handball teams in the Asian Clubs Cup The top titles of Kazerun women's handball teams in the Premier League

Sports complexes

Shohada Stadium of Kazerun, as the largest sports complex in the west of Fars province is the main venue of Kazerun sports teams. There are other sports complexes focusing on different sports fields in Kazerun. Shohada Stadium of Kazerun 10.jpg, Shohada Stadium of Kazerun Kabiri Stadium of Kazerun.jpg, A sports complex in Kazerun

Places of interest

* Parishan Lake, which is near Kazeroon. * Shapur River * Shapur statue (the largest statue of ancient Iran), which is near

. * National park Dašt-e Aržan, a vast green meadow on Kazerun–Shiraz highway.

Recreational places

Barm Plain is biggest Plain of Oak in Iran, Davan, Sarmashhad and Kaskan are three villages in Kazeroon. The old name of Kazeroon was "Green City".

Ashura and Tasua re-enactment

This re-enactment has been one of the most celebrated and unique reenactments in Iran. The date of this re-enactment is in the ninth and tenth of the month Moharram. In these two days, people go out and re-enact the

Battle of Karbala The Battle of Karbala () was fought on 10 October 680 (10 Muharram in the year 61 Hijri year, AH of the Islamic calendar) between the army of the second Umayyad Caliphate, Umayyad caliph Yazid I () and a small army led by Husayn ibn Ali, th ...

. The theater starts from morning until noon. Almost all people in the city walk on the street together. They mourn for this historical event.

Sister cities

Al-Mada'in Al-Mada'in (, ; ''Māḥozā''; ) was an ancient metropolis situated on the Tigris in what is now Iraq. It was located between the ancient royal centers of Ctesiphon and Seleucia, and was founded by the Sasanian Empire. The city's name was used ...

, Iraq

Notable people

Nasrollah Mardani, a famous contemporary Persian poet, is from Kazeroon. It is also believed that

Salman the Persian Salman Farsi (; ) was a Persian religious scholar and one of the companions of Muhammad. As a practicing Zoroastrian, he dedicated much of his early life to studying to become a magus, after which he began travelling extensively throughout Weste ...

, a companion of the

Islamic prophet Prophets in Islam () are individuals in Islam who are believed to spread God's message on Earth and serve as models of ideal human behaviour. Some prophets are categorized as messengers (; sing. , ), those who transmit divine revelation, mos ...

Muhammad Muhammad (8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious and political leader and the founder of Islam. Muhammad in Islam, According to Islam, he was a prophet who was divinely inspired to preach and confirm the tawhid, monotheistic teachings of A ...

, comes from this city. Haj Sadrallah Zamanian was a pillar of the community for many years. The town is also the scene of a famous battle in the novel '' My Uncle Napoleon''. Kazeroon is a city of Science. Qotb al-Din Kazerooni, Allame Jalaladdin Davani, Allame Ali Davani are from Kazeroon. The mothers of

Hafez (), known by his pen name Hafez ( or 'the keeper'; 1325–1390) or Hafiz, “Ḥāfeẓ” designates someoone who has learned the Qurʾān by heart" also known by his nickname Lisan al-Ghaib ('the tongue of the unseen'), was a Persian lyri ...

and Saadi were also from Kazeroon. Firouz Naderi, (the associate director of

NASA The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA ) is an independent agencies of the United States government, independent agency of the federal government of the United States, US federal government responsible for the United States ...

Jet Propulsion Laboratory The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is a Federally funded research and development centers, federally funded research and development center (FFRDC) in La Cañada Flintridge, California, Crescenta Valley, United States. Founded in 1936 by Cali ...

(JPL), responsible for Project Formulation and Strategy), was born in Kazeroon.

Reza Malekzadeh Reza Malekzadeh (; born 1952 in Kazerun, Fars province, Pahlavi Iran) is an Iranian medical scientist and gastroenterologist. Career Malekzadeh studied medicine at Shiraz University. He continued his studies to become specialized in Internal Me ...

, a medical scientist and gastroenterologist who is well known in Iran is from Kazeroon.

Notes

References

{{Kazerun County, state=collapsed Cities in Fars province Populated places in Kazerun County Sasanian cities