June 4th
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Pre-1600

*
1411 Year 1411 ( MCDXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. Events January–March * January 10 – At Anhilpur Patan in the modern-day state of Gujarat in India, Ahmad Shah I becomes the new Sultan of Guj ...
– King Charles VI grants a monopoly for the ripening of
Roquefort cheese Roquefort () is a sheep milk blue cheese from southern France. Though similar cheeses are produced elsewhere, EU law dictates that only those cheeses aged in the natural Combalou caves of Roquefort-sur-Soulzon may bear the name Roquefort, as it ...
to the people of
Roquefort-sur-Soulzon Roquefort-sur-Soulzon (; , ) is a commune in the Aveyron department, in the region of Occitania, southern France. Roquefort is located on the Causse du Larzac and is famous for its ewe derived products including milk, wool, and meat. Much ...
as they had been doing for centuries. *
1525 Year 1525 ( MDXXV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. Events January–March * January 21 – The Anabaptist Movement is born when Conrad Grebel, Felix Manz, George Blaurock, and about a dozen others ...
1525 Bayham Abbey riot The 1525 Bayham Abbey riot was a civil disturbance on 4 June 1525 in Kent, England. It was instigated by local residents near Bayham Abbey in protest against the closure of the Abbey. The rioters occupied the Abbey for a week before 31 were arrest ...
; Villagers from
Kent Kent is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in South East England. It is bordered by Essex across the Thames Estuary to the north, the Strait of Dover to the south-east, East Sussex to the south-west, Surrey to the west, and Gr ...
and
Sussex Sussex (Help:IPA/English, /ˈsʌsɪks/; from the Old English ''Sūþseaxe''; lit. 'South Saxons'; 'Sussex') is an area within South East England that was historically a kingdom of Sussex, kingdom and, later, a Historic counties of England, ...
,
England England is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is located on the island of Great Britain, of which it covers about 62%, and List of islands of England, more than 100 smaller adjacent islands. It ...
riot and occupy
Bayham Old Abbey Bayham Old Abbey is an English Heritage property, located near Lamberhurst, Kent, England. Founded c. 1208 through a combination of the failing Premonstratensian monasteries of Otham and Brockley, Bayham functioned as an abbey until its dissolu ...
for a week in protest against Cardinal
Thomas Wolsey Thomas Wolsey ( ; – 29 November 1530) was an English statesman and Catholic cardinal (catholic), cardinal. When Henry VIII became King of England in 1509, Wolsey became the king's Lord High Almoner, almoner. Wolsey's affairs prospered and ...
's order to suppress the monastery in order to fund two colleges founded by him. *
1561 Year 1561 ( MDLXI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. Events January–March * January 4 – Paolo Battista Giudice Calvi is elected as the new Doge of the Republic of Genoa, but serves for only ...
– The
steeple In architecture, a steeple is a tall tower on a building, topped by a spire and often incorporating a belfry and other components. Steeples are very common on Christian churches and cathedrals and the use of the term generally connotes a relig ...
of
St Paul's St Paul's Cathedral, formally the Cathedral Church of St Paul the Apostle, is an Anglican cathedral in London, England, the seat of the Bishop of London. The cathedral serves as the mother church of the Diocese of London in the Church of Engl ...
, the medieval cathedral of
London London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Wester ...
, is destroyed in a fire caused by lightning and is never rebuilt.


1601–1900

*
1615 Events January–March * January 1 – The New Netherland Company is granted a three-year monopoly in North American trade, between the 40th and 45th parallels. * January 30 – Japan's diplomatic mission to Europe, led b ...
Siege of Osaka A siege () . is a military blockade of a city, or fortress, with the intent of conquering by attrition, or by well-prepared assault. Siege warfare (also called siegecrafts or poliorcetics) is a form of constant, low-intensity conflict charact ...
: Forces under
Tokugawa Ieyasu Tokugawa Ieyasu (born Matsudaira Takechiyo; 31 January 1543 – 1 June 1616) was the founder and first ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, which ruled from 1603 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. He was the third of the three "Gr ...
take
Osaka Castle is a Japanese castle in Chūō-ku, Osaka, Chūō-ku, Osaka, Japan. The castle is one of Japan's most famous landmarks and played a major role in the unification of Japan during the sixteenth century of the Azuchi–Momoyama period. Layout Th ...
in Japan. *
1745 Events January–March * January 7 – War of the Austrian Succession: The Austrian Army, under the command of Field Marshal Károly József Batthyány, makes a surprise attack at Amberg and the winter quarters of the Bav ...
Battle of Hohenfriedberg The Battle of Hohenfriedberg or Hohenfriedeberg (now Dobromierz, Poland), also known as the Battle of Striegau (now Strzegom, Poland) was one of Frederick the Great's most admired victories. Frederick's Prussian army decisively defeated an A ...
:
Frederick the Great Frederick II (; 24 January 171217 August 1786) was the monarch of Prussia from 1740 until his death in 1786. He was the last Hohenzollern monarch titled ''King in Prussia'', declaring himself ''King of Prussia'' after annexing Royal Prussia ...
's
Prussia Prussia (; ; Old Prussian: ''Prūsija'') was a Germans, German state centred on the North European Plain that originated from the 1525 secularization of the Prussia (region), Prussian part of the State of the Teutonic Order. For centuries, ...
n army decisively defeated an Austrian army under
Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine Prince Charles Alexander Emanuel of Lorraine (; ; 12 December 1712 in Lunéville – 4 July 1780 in Tervuren) was a Duchy of Lorraine, Lorraine-born Habsburg monarchy, Austrian general and soldier, field marshal of the Imperial Army of the Holy ...
during the
War of the Austrian Succession The War of the Austrian Succession was a European conflict fought between 1740 and 1748, primarily in Central Europe, the Austrian Netherlands, Italian Peninsula, Italy, the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. Related conflicts include King Ge ...
. *
1760 Events January–March * January 9 – Battle of Barari Ghat: Afghan forces defeat the Marathas. * January 22 – Seven Years' War – Battle of Wandiwash, India: British general Sir Eyre Coote is victorious over th ...
Great Upheaval The Expulsion of the Acadians was the forced removal of inhabitants of the North American region historically known as Acadia between 1755 and 1764 by Great Britain. It included the modern Canadian Maritime provinces of Nova Scotia, New Br ...
:
New England New England is a region consisting of six states in the Northeastern United States: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. It is bordered by the state of New York (state), New York to the west and by the ...
planters arrive to claim land in
Nova Scotia Nova Scotia is a Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Canada, located on its east coast. It is one of the three Maritime Canada, Maritime provinces and Population of Canada by province and territory, most populous province in Atlan ...
, Canada, taken from the
Acadians The Acadians (; , ) are an ethnic group descended from the French colonial empire, French who settled in the New France colony of Acadia during the 17th and 18th centuries. Today, most descendants of Acadians live in either the Northern Americ ...
. *
1783 Events January–March * January 20 – At Versailles, Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain signs preliminary peace treaties with the Kingdom of France and the Kingdom of Spain. * January 23 – The Confederation Congress ...
– The
Montgolfier brothers The Montgolfier brothers – Joseph-Michel Montgolfier (; 26 August 1740 – 26 June 1810) and Jacques-Étienne Montgolfier (; 6 January 1745 – 2 August 1799) – were aviation pioneers, balloonists and paper manufacturers from the Communes o ...
publicly demonstrate their ''montgolfière'' (
hot air balloon A hot air balloon is a lighter-than-air aircraft consisting of a bag, called an envelope, which contains heated air. Suspended beneath is a gondola or wicker basket (in some long-distance or high-altitude balloons, a capsule), which carri ...
). *
1784 Events January–March * January 6 – Treaty of Constantinople: The Ottoman Empire agrees to Russia's annexation of the Crimea. * January 14 – The Congress of the United States ratifies the Treaty of Paris with Great Brit ...
Élisabeth Thible Élisabeth Thible, or Elizabeth Tible (, 8 March 1757 – 13 February 1785), was the first woman to make a flight in an untethered hot air balloon. She was born in Lyon, France, on 8 March 1757. On 4 June 1784, eight months after the first crewed ...
becomes the first woman to fly in an untethered hot air balloon. Her flight covers in 45 minutes, and reached altitude (estimated). *
1792 Events January–March * January 9 – The Treaty of Jassy ends the Russian Empire's war with the Ottoman Empire over Crimea. * January 25 – The London Corresponding Society is founded. * February 18 – Thomas Holcrof ...
Captain Captain is a title, an appellative for the commanding officer of a military unit; the supreme leader or highest rank officer of a navy ship, merchant ship, aeroplane, spacecraft, or other vessel; or the commander of a port, fire or police depa ...
George Vancouver Captain (Royal Navy), Captain George Vancouver (; 22 June 1757 – 10 May 1798) was a Royal Navy officer and explorer best known for leading the Vancouver Expedition, which explored and charted North America's northwestern West Coast of the Uni ...
claims
Puget Sound Puget Sound ( ; ) is a complex estuary, estuarine system of interconnected Marine habitat, marine waterways and basins located on the northwest coast of the U.S. state of Washington (state), Washington. As a part of the Salish Sea, the sound ...
for the
Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain, also known as the Kingdom of Great Britain, was a sovereign state in Western Europe from 1707 to the end of 1800. The state was created by the 1706 Treaty of Union and ratified by the Acts of Union 1707, which united the Kingd ...
. *
1802 Events January–March * January 5 – Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin, British ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, begins removal of the Elgin Marbles from the Parthenon in Athens, claiming they are at risk of destruction during the Ott ...
– King
Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia Charles Emmanuel IV (Carlo Emanuele Ferdinando Maria; 24 May 1751 – 6 October 1819) was King of Sardinia and ruler of the Savoyard states from 16 October 1796 until 1802, when he abdicated in favour of his brother Victor Emmanuel I. Ea ...
abdicates his throne in favor of his brother,
Victor Emmanuel Victor Emmanuel may refer to: * Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia (1759–1824), Duke of Savoy and King of Sardinia * Victor Emmanuel II of Italy (1820–1878), King of Sardinia and later King of Italy * Victor Emmanuel III of Italy (1869–1947), King ...
. *
1812 Events January–March * January 1 – The ''Allgemeines bürgerliches Gesetzbuch'' (the Austrian civil code) enters into force in the Austrian Empire. * January 19 – Peninsular War: The French-held fortress of Ciudad Rodrigo Siege ...
– Following
Louisiana Louisiana ( ; ; ) is a state in the Deep South and South Central regions of the United States. It borders Texas to the west, Arkansas to the north, and Mississippi to the east. Of the 50 U.S. states, it ranks 31st in area and 25 ...
's admittance as a
U.S. state In the United States, a state is a constituent political entity, of which there are 50. Bound together in a political union, each state holds governmental jurisdiction over a separate and defined geographic territory where it shares its so ...
, the
Louisiana Territory The Territory of Louisiana or Louisiana Territory was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from July 4, 1805, until June 4, 1812, when it was renamed the Missouri Territory. The territory was formed out of t ...
is renamed the
Missouri Territory The Territory of Missouri was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from June 4, 1812, until August 10, 1821. In 1819, the Territory of Arkansas was created from a portion of its southern area. In 1821, a southe ...
. *
1825 Events January–March * January 4 – King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies dies in Naples and is succeeded by his son, Francis. * February 3 – Vendsyssel-Thy, once part of the Jutland peninsula forming westernmost Denmark, becomes an ...
General Lafayette Marie-Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier de La Fayette, Marquis de La Fayette (; 6 September 1757 – 20 May 1834), known in the United States as Lafayette (), was a French military officer and politician who volunteered to join the Conti ...
, a French officer in the
American Revolutionary War The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was the armed conflict that comprised the final eight years of the broader American Revolution, in which Am ...
, speaks at what would become Lafayette Square in
Buffalo, New York Buffalo is a Administrative divisions of New York (state), city in the U.S. state of New York (state), New York and county seat of Erie County, New York, Erie County. It lies in Western New York at the eastern end of Lake Erie, at the head of ...
, during his visit to the United States. *
1855 Events January–March * January 1 – Ottawa, Ontario, is incorporated as a city.' * January 5 – Ramón Castilla begins his third term as President of Peru. * January 23 ** The first bridge over the Mississippi River o ...
– Major Henry C. Wayne departs New York aboard the to procure
camel A camel (from and () from Ancient Semitic: ''gāmāl'') is an even-toed ungulate in the genus ''Camelus'' that bears distinctive fatty deposits known as "humps" on its back. Camels have long been domesticated and, as livestock, they provid ...
s to establish the U.S. Camel Corps. *
1859 Events January–March * January 21 – José Mariano Salas (1797–1867) becomes Conservative interim President of Mexico. * January 24 ( O. S.) – Under the rule of Alexandru Ioan Cuza, the provinces of Wallachia and Moldavia are uni ...
Italian Independence wars: In the
Battle of Magenta The Battle of Magenta was fought on 4 June 1859 near the town of Magenta in the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, a crown land of the Austrian Empire, during the Second Italian War of Independence. It resulted in a French-Sardinian victory under ...
, the French army, under Louis-Napoleon, defeat the Austrian army. *
1862 Events January * January 1 – The United Kingdom annexes Lagos Island, in modern-day Nigeria. * January 6 – Second French intervention in Mexico, French intervention in Mexico: Second French Empire, French, Spanish and British ...
American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861May 26, 1865; also known by Names of the American Civil War, other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union (American Civil War), Union ("the North") and the Confederate States of A ...
:
Confederate A confederation (also known as a confederacy or league) is a political union of sovereign states united for purposes of common action. Usually created by a treaty, confederations of states tend to be established for dealing with critical issu ...
troops evacuate Fort Pillow on the
Mississippi River The Mississippi River is the main stem, primary river of the largest drainage basin in the United States. It is the second-longest river in the United States, behind only the Missouri River, Missouri. From its traditional source of Lake Ita ...
, leaving the way clear for Union troops to take
Memphis, Tennessee Memphis is a city in Shelby County, Tennessee, United States, and its county seat. Situated along the Mississippi River, it had a population of 633,104 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, making it the List of municipalities in Tenne ...
. *
1876 Events January * January 1 ** The Reichsbank opens in Berlin. ** The Bass Brewery Red Triangle becomes the world's first registered trademark symbol. *January 27 – The Northampton Bank robbery occurs in Massachusetts. February * Febr ...
– An
express train An express train is a type of passenger train that makes few or no stops between its origin and destination stations, usually major destinations, providing faster service than local trains that stop at many or all of the stations along their ...
called the ''
Transcontinental Express As a publicity stunt, the express train called the ''Transcontinental Express'' arrived in San Francisco, California, via the first transcontinental railroad on 4 June 1876, only 83 hours and 39 minutes after having left New York City ...
'' arrives in
San Francisco San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is a commercial, Financial District, San Francisco, financial, and Culture of San Francisco, cultural center of Northern California. With a population of 827,526 residents as of ...
via the
first transcontinental railroad America's first transcontinental railroad (known originally as the "Pacific Railroad" and later as the "Overland Route (Union Pacific Railroad), Overland Route") was a continuous railroad line built between 1863 and 1869 that connected the exis ...
only 83 hours and 39 minutes after leaving
New York City New York, often called New York City (NYC), is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's largest natural harbors. The city comprises five boroughs, each coextensive w ...
. *
1878 Events January * January 5 – Russo-Turkish War: Battle of Shipka Pass IV – Russian and Bulgarian forces defeat the Ottoman Empire. * January 9 – Umberto I becomes King of Italy. * January 17 – Russo-Turkish War: ...
Cyprus Convention The Cyprus Convention of 4 June 1878 was a secret agreement reached between Great Britain and the Ottoman Empire which granted administrative control of Cyprus to Britain (see British Cyprus), in exchange for its support of the Ottomans during th ...
: The
Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...
cedes
Cyprus Cyprus (), officially the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Situated in West Asia, its cultural identity and geopolitical orientation are overwhelmingly Southeast European. Cyprus is the List of isl ...
to the United Kingdom but retains nominal title. *
1896 Events January * January 2 – The Jameson Raid comes to an end as Jameson surrenders to the Boers. * January 4 – Utah is admitted as the 45th U.S. state. * January 5 – An Austrian newspaper reports Wilhelm Röntgen's dis ...
Henry Ford Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947) was an American Technological and industrial history of the United States, industrialist and business magnate. As the founder of the Ford Motor Company, he is credited as a pioneer in making automob ...
completes the Ford Quadricycle, his first gasoline-powered automobile and also gives it a successful test run.


1901–present

*
1912 This year is notable for Sinking of the Titanic, the sinking of the ''Titanic'', which occurred on April 15. In Albania, this leap year runs with only 353 days as the country achieved switching from the Julian to Gregorian Calendar by skippin ...
Massachusetts Massachusetts ( ; ), officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Maine to its east, Connecticut and Rhode ...
becomes the first state of the United States to set a
minimum wage A minimum wage is the lowest remuneration that employers can legally pay their employees—the price floor below which employees may not sell their labor. List of countries by minimum wage, Most countries had introduced minimum wage legislation b ...
. *
1913 Events January * January – Joseph Stalin travels to Vienna to research his ''Marxism and the National Question''. This means that, during this month, Stalin, Hitler, Trotsky and Tito are all living in the city. * January 3 &ndash ...
Emily Davison Emily Wilding Davison (11 October 1872 – 8 June 1913) was an English suffragette who fought for Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom, votes for women in Britain in the early twentieth century. A member of the Women's Social and Polit ...
, a
suffragette A suffragette was a member of an activist women's organisation in the early 20th century who, under the banner "Votes for Women", fought for the right to vote in public elections in the United Kingdom. The term refers in particular to members ...
, runs out in front of King
George V George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 until Death and state funeral of George V, his death in 1936. George w ...
's horse at The Derby. She is trampled, never regains consciousness, and dies four days later. *
1916 Events Below, the events of the First World War have the "WWI" prefix. January * January 1 – The British Empire, British Royal Army Medical Corps carries out the first successful blood transfusion, using blood that has been stored ...
World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
:
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
opens the Brusilov Offensive with an
artillery Artillery consists of ranged weapons that launch Ammunition, munitions far beyond the range and power of infantry firearms. Early artillery development focused on the ability to breach defensive walls and fortifications during sieges, and l ...
barrage of
Austro-Hungarian Austria-Hungary, also referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Habsburg Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. A military and diplomatic alliance, it consist ...
lines in Galicia. *
1917 Events Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix. January * January 9 – WWI – Battle of Rafa: The last substantial Ottoman Army garrison on the Sinai Peninsula is captured by the Egyptian Expeditionary Force's ...
– The first
Pulitzer Prize The Pulitzer Prizes () are 23 annual awards given by Columbia University in New York City for achievements in the United States in "journalism, arts and letters". They were established in 1917 by the will of Joseph Pulitzer, who had made his fo ...
s are awarded:
Laura E. Richards Laura Elizabeth Howe Richards (February 27, 1850 – January 14, 1943) was an American writer. She wrote more than 90 books including biographies, poetry, and several for children. One well-known children's poem is her literary nonsense verse Ele ...
, Maude H. Elliott, and Florence Hall receive the first Pulitzer for biography (for ''
Julia Ward Howe Julia Ward Howe ( ; May 27, 1819 – October 17, 1910) was an American author and poet, known for writing the "Battle Hymn of the Republic" as new lyrics to an existing song, and the original 1870 pacifist Mothers' Day Proclamation. She w ...
'').
Jean Jules Jusserand Jean Adrien Antoine Jules Jusserand (18 February 1855 – 18 July 1932) was a French author and diplomat. He was the French Ambassador to the United States 1903-1925 and played a major diplomatic role during World War I. Birth and education ...
receives the first Pulitzer for history for his work '' With Americans of Past and Present Days''. Herbert B. Swope receives the first Pulitzer for
journalism Journalism is the production and distribution of reports on the interaction of events, facts, ideas, and people that are the "news of the day" and that informs society to at least some degree of accuracy. The word, a noun, applies to the journ ...
for his work for the ''
New York World The ''New York World'' was a newspaper published in New York City from 1860 to 1931. The paper played a major role in the history of American newspapers as a leading national voice of the Democratic Party. From 1883 to 1911 under publisher Jo ...
''. *
1919 Events January * January 1 ** The Czechoslovak Legions occupy much of the self-proclaimed "free city" of Pressburg (later Bratislava), enforcing its incorporation into the new republic of Czechoslovakia. ** HMY ''Iolaire'' sinks off th ...
Women's rights Women's rights are the rights and Entitlement (fair division), entitlements claimed for women and girls worldwide. They formed the basis for the women's rights movement in the 19th century and the feminist movements during the 20th and 21st c ...
: The
U.S. Congress The United States Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government of the United States. It is a bicameral legislature, including a lower body, the U.S. House of Representatives, and an upper body, the U.S. Senate. They both ...
approves the
Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution The Nineteenth Amendment (Amendment XIX) to the United States Constitution prohibits the United States and its U.S. state, states from denying the Suffrage, right to vote to citizens of the United States on the basis of sex, in effect recogni ...
, which guarantees suffrage to women, and sends it to the
U.S. state In the United States, a state is a constituent political entity, of which there are 50. Bound together in a political union, each state holds governmental jurisdiction over a separate and defined geographic territory where it shares its so ...
s for ratification. * 1919 –
Leon Trotsky Lev Davidovich Bronstein ( – 21 August 1940), better known as Leon Trotsky,; ; also transliterated ''Lyev'', ''Trotski'', ''Trockij'' and ''Trotzky'' was a Russian revolutionary, Soviet politician, and political theorist. He was a key figure ...
bans the Planned Fourth Regional Congress of Peasants, Workers and Insurgents. *
1920 Events January * January 1 ** Polish–Soviet War: The Russian Red Army increases its troops along the Polish border from 4 divisions to 20. ** Kauniainen in Finland, completely surrounded by the city of Espoo, secedes from Espoo as its ow ...
Hungary Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and ...
loses 71% of its territory and 63% of its population when the
Treaty of Trianon The Treaty of Trianon (; ; ; ), often referred to in Hungary as the Peace Dictate of Trianon or Dictate of Trianon, was prepared at the Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920), Paris Peace Conference. It was signed on the one side by Hungary ...
is signed in Paris. *
1928 Events January * January – British bacteriologist Frederick Griffith reports the results of Griffith's experiment, indirectly demonstrating that DNA is the genetic material. * January 1 – Eastern Bloc emigration and defection: Boris B ...
– The
President of the Republic of China The president of the Republic of China, also known as the president of Taiwan, is the head of state of the Taiwan, Republic of China (Taiwan), as well as the commander-in-chief of the Republic of China Armed Forces. Republic of China (1912– ...
,
Zhang Zuolin Zhang Zuolin; courtesy name Yuting ( zh, c=雨亭, p=Yǔtíng, labels=no) and nicknamed Zhang Laogang ( zh, c=張老疙瘩, p=Zhāng Lǎo Gēda, labels=no) (March 19, 1875June 4, 1928) was a Chinese warlord who ruled Manchuria from 1916 to 1928 ...
, is assassinated by Japanese agents. *
1932 Events January * January 4 – The British authorities in India arrest and intern Mahatma Gandhi and Vallabhbhai Patel. * January 9 – Sakuradamon Incident (1932), Sakuradamon Incident: Korean nationalist Lee Bong-chang fails in his effort ...
Marmaduke Grove Marmaduke Grove Vallejo (July 6, 1878 – May 15, 1954), was a Chilean Air Force officer, political figure and member of the Government Junta of the Socialist Republic of Chile in 1932. Early life Grove was born in Copiapó, Chile, the son of ...
and other Chilean military officers lead a
coup d'état A coup d'état (; ; ), or simply a coup , is typically an illegal and overt attempt by a military organization or other government elites to unseat an incumbent leadership. A self-coup is said to take place when a leader, having come to powe ...
establishing the short-lived
Socialist Republic of Chile The Socialist Republic of Chile () was a short-lived (4 June 1932 – 13 September 1932) political entity in Chile, that was proclaimed by the Government Junta that took over that year. Background In July 1925, the military junta led by Artur ...
. *
1939 This year also marks the start of the World War II, Second World War, the largest and deadliest conflict in human history. Events Events related to World War II have a "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 ** Coming into effect in Nazi Ger ...
The Holocaust The Holocaust (), known in Hebrew language, Hebrew as the (), was the genocide of History of the Jews in Europe, European Jews during World War II. From 1941 to 1945, Nazi Germany and Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy ...
: The , a ship carrying 973 German Jewish refugees, is denied permission to land in
Florida Florida ( ; ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders the Gulf of Mexico to the west, Alabama to the northwest, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia to the north, the Atlantic ...
, in the United States, after already being turned away from
Cuba Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is an island country, comprising the island of Cuba (largest island), Isla de la Juventud, and List of islands of Cuba, 4,195 islands, islets and cays surrounding the main island. It is located where the ...
. Forced to return to Europe, more than 200 of its passengers later die in
Nazi Nazism (), formally named National Socialism (NS; , ), is the far-right politics, far-right Totalitarianism, totalitarian socio-political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Germany. During H ...
concentration camp A concentration camp is a prison or other facility used for the internment of political prisoners or politically targeted demographics, such as members of national or ethnic minority groups, on the grounds of national security, or for exploitati ...
s. *
1940 A calendar from 1940 according to the Gregorian calendar, factoring in the dates of Easter and related holidays, cannot be used again until the year 5280. Events Below, events related to World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January *Janu ...
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
: The
Dunkirk evacuation The Dunkirk evacuation, codenamed Operation Dynamo and also known as the Miracle of Dunkirk, or just Dunkirk, was the evacuation of more than 338,000 Allied soldiers during the Second World War from the beaches and harbour of Dunkirk, in the ...
ends: the
British Armed Forces The British Armed Forces are the unified military, military forces responsible for the defence of the United Kingdom, its British Overseas Territories, Overseas Territories and the Crown Dependencies. They also promote the UK's wider interests ...
completes evacuation of 338,000 troops from
Dunkirk Dunkirk ( ; ; ; Picard language, Picard: ''Dunkèke''; ; or ) is a major port city in the Departments of France, department of Nord (French department), Nord in northern France. It lies from the Belgium, Belgian border. It has the third-larg ...
in France. To rally the morale of the country,
Winston Churchill Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965) was a British statesman, military officer, and writer who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 (Winston Churchill in the Second World War, ...
delivers, only to the
House of Commons The House of Commons is the name for the elected lower house of the Bicameralism, bicameral parliaments of the United Kingdom and Canada. In both of these countries, the Commons holds much more legislative power than the nominally upper house of ...
, his famous "
We shall fight on the beaches "We shall fight on the beaches" was a speech delivered by the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom on 4 June 1940. This was the second of three major speeches given around the ...
" speech. *
1942 The Uppsala Conflict Data Program project estimates this to be the deadliest year in human history in terms of conflict deaths, placing the death toll at 4.62 million. However, the Correlates of War estimates that the prior year, 1941, was th ...
– World War II: The
Battle of Midway The Battle of Midway was a major naval battle in the Pacific Ocean theater of World War II, Pacific Theater of World War II that took place on 4–7 June 1942, six months after Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor and one month after the Battle of t ...
begins. Japanese
Admiral Admiral is one of the highest ranks in many navies. In the Commonwealth nations and the United States, a "full" admiral is equivalent to a "full" general in the army or the air force. Admiral is ranked above vice admiral and below admiral of ...
Chūichi Nagumo was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) during World War II. Nagumo led Japan's main carrier battle group, the ''Kido Butai'', in the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, and over the next months in successful raids on Darwin in A ...
orders a strike on
Midway Island Midway Atoll (colloquial: Midway Islands; ; ) is a atoll in the North Pacific Ocean. Midway Atoll is an insular area of the United States and is an unorganized and unincorporated territory. The largest island is Sand Island, which has housi ...
by much of the
Imperial Japanese Navy The Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN; Kyūjitai: Shinjitai: ' 'Navy of the Greater Japanese Empire', or ''Nippon Kaigun'', 'Japanese Navy') was the navy of the Empire of Japan from 1868 to 1945, Potsdam Declaration, when it was dissolved followin ...
. * 1942 – World War II:
Gustaf Mannerheim Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim (, 4 June 1867 – 27 January 1951) was a Finnish military commander, aristocrat, and statesman. He served as the military leader of the White Guard (Finland), Whites in the Finnish Civil War (1918), as List of ...
, the Commander-in-Chief of the
Finnish Army The Finnish Army ( , ) is the army, land forces branch of the Finnish Defence Forces. The Finnish Army is divided into six branches: infantry (which includes armoured units), field artillery, anti-aircraft artillery, Combat engineering, engineer ...
, is granted the title of
Marshal of Finland In the Finnish Defence Forces, Field Marshal (, ) is officially not an active military rank but an honorary rank that can be bestowed upon 'especially distinguished General officer, generals'. So far the only holder of this title has been Baro ...
by the government on his 75th birthday. On the same day,
Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his suicide in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the lea ...
arrives in
Finland Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, ...
for a surprise visit to meet Mannerheim. *
1943 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: The Soviet Union announces that 22 German divisions have been encircled at Stalingrad, with 175,000 killed and 137,650 captured. * January 4 ...
– A
military coup A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. Militaries are typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with their members identifiable by a d ...
in
Argentina Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourt ...
ousts
Ramón Castillo Ramón Antonio Castillo Barrionuevo (20 November 1873 – 12 October 1944) was President of Argentina from 1942 to 1943. He took office after the resignation of President Roberto María Ortiz, under whom he was the Vice President. He was ...
. *
1944 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: ** Free France, Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command First Army (France), French Army B, part of the Sixt ...
– World War II: A hunter-killer group of the
United States Navy The United States Navy (USN) is the naval warfare, maritime military branch, service branch of the United States Department of Defense. It is the world's most powerful navy with the largest Displacement (ship), displacement, at 4.5 millio ...
captures the German
Kriegsmarine The (, ) was the navy of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It superseded the Imperial German Navy of the German Empire (1871–1918) and the inter-war (1919–1935) of the Weimar Republic. The was one of three official military branch, branche ...
submarine ''U-505'': The first time a U.S. Navy vessel had captured an enemy vessel at sea since the 19th century. * 1944 – World War II: The
United States Fifth Army The United States Army North (ARNORTH) is a formation of the United States Army. An Army Service Component Command (ASCC) subordinate to United States Northern Command (NORTHCOM), ARNORTH is the joint force land component of NORTHCOM.
captures Rome, although much of the German Fourteenth Army is able to withdraw to the north. *
1961 Events January * January 1 – Monetary reform in the Soviet Union, 1961, Monetary reform in the Soviet Union. * January 3 ** United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower announces that the United States has severed diplomatic and cons ...
Cold War The Cold War was a period of global Geopolitics, geopolitical rivalry between the United States (US) and the Soviet Union (USSR) and their respective allies, the capitalist Western Bloc and communist Eastern Bloc, which lasted from 1947 unt ...
: In the
Vienna summit The Vienna summit was a summit meeting held on June 4, 1961, in Vienna, Austria, between President of the United States John F. Kennedy and the leader of the Soviet Union ( First Secretary and Premier) Nikita Khrushchev. The leaders of the tw ...
, the
Soviet The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...
premier
Nikita Khrushchev Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (– 11 September 1971) was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 and the Premier of the Soviet Union, Chai ...
sparks the Berlin Crisis by threatening to sign a separate peace treaty with
East Germany East Germany, officially known as the German Democratic Republic (GDR), was a country in Central Europe from Foundation of East Germany, its formation on 7 October 1949 until German reunification, its reunification with West Germany (FRG) on ...
and ending American, British and French access to
East Berlin East Berlin (; ) was the partially recognised capital city, capital of East Germany (GDR) from 1949 to 1990. From 1945, it was the Allied occupation zones in Germany, Soviet occupation sector of Berlin. The American, British, and French se ...
. *
1967 Events January * January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of Canadian Confederation, Confederation, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair. * January 6 – Vietnam War: United States Marine Corps and Army of ...
– Seventy-two people are killed when a
Canadair C-4 Argonaut The Canadair North Star is a 1940s Canadian development, for Trans-Canada Air Lines (TCA), of the Douglas DC-4. Instead of radial piston engines used by the Douglas design, Canadair used Rolls-Royce Merlin V12 engines to achieve a higher cruisin ...
crashes at Stockport in England. *
1970 Events January * January 1 – Unix time epoch reached at 00:00:00 UTC. * January 5 – The 7.1 1970 Tonghai earthquake, Tonghai earthquake shakes Tonghai County, Yunnan province, China, with a maximum Mercalli intensity scale, Mercalli ...
Tonga Tonga, officially the Kingdom of Tonga, is an island country in Polynesia, part of Oceania. The country has 171 islands, of which 45 are inhabited. Its total surface area is about , scattered over in the southern Pacific Ocean. accordin ...
gains independence from the
British Empire The British Empire comprised the dominions, Crown colony, colonies, protectorates, League of Nations mandate, mandates, and other Dependent territory, territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It bega ...
. *
1975 It was also declared the ''International Women's Year'' by the United Nations and the European Architectural Heritage Year by the Council of Europe. Events January * January 1 – Watergate scandal (United States): John N. Mitchell, H. R. ...
Governor of California The governor of California is the head of government of the U.S. state of California. The Governor (United States), governor is the commander-in-chief of the California National Guard and the California State Guard. Established in the Constit ...
Jerry Brown Edmund Gerald Brown Jr. (born April 7, 1938) is an American lawyer, author, and politician who served as the 34th and 39th governor of California from 1975 to 1983 and 2011 to 2019. A member of the Democratic Party (United States), Democratic P ...
signs the
California Agricultural Labor Relations Act The California Agricultural Labor Relations Act (CALRA) is a landmark statute in United States labor law that was enacted by the state of California in 1975,"Governor Signs Historic Farm Labor Legislation." ''Los Angeles Times.'' June 5, 1975. es ...
into law, the first law in the United States giving farmworkers
collective bargaining Collective bargaining is a process of negotiation between employers and a group of employees aimed at agreements to regulate working salaries, working conditions, benefits, and other aspects of workers' compensation and labour rights, rights for ...
rights. *
1977 Events January * January 8 – 1977 Moscow bombings, Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group. * January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (no ...
JVC JVC (short for Japan Victor Company) is a Japanese brand owned by JVCKenwood. Founded in 1927 as the Victor Talking Machine Company of Japan and later as , the company was best known for introducing Japan's first televisions and for developin ...
introduces its
VHS VHS (Video Home System) is a discontinued standard for consumer-level analog video recording on tape cassettes, introduced in 1976 by JVC. It was the dominant home video format throughout the tape media period of the 1980s and 1990s. Ma ...
videotape at the
Consumer Electronics Show CES (; formerly an initialism for Consumer Electronics Show) is an annual trade show organized by the Consumer Technology Association (CTA). Held in January at the Las Vegas Convention Center in Winchester, Nevada, United States, the event typi ...
in
Chicago Chicago is the List of municipalities in Illinois, most populous city in the U.S. state of Illinois and in the Midwestern United States. With a population of 2,746,388, as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, it is the List of Unite ...
. It will eventually prevail against
Sony is a Japanese multinational conglomerate (company), conglomerate headquartered at Sony City in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. The Sony Group encompasses various businesses, including Sony Corporation (electronics), Sony Semiconductor Solutions (i ...
's rival
Betamax Betamax (also known as Beta, and stylized as the Greek letter Beta, β in its logo) is a discontinued consumer analog Videotape, video cassette recording format developed by Sony. It was one of the main competitors in the videotape format war ag ...
system in a
format war A format war is a competition between similar but mutually incompatible technical standards that compete for the same market, such as for data storage devices and recording formats for electronic media. It is often characterized by political an ...
to become the predominant
home video Home video is recorded media sold or Video rental shop, rented for home viewing. The term originates from the VHS and Betamax era, when the predominant medium was videotapes, but has carried over to optical disc formats such as DVD and Blu-ray. ...
medium. *
1979 Events January * January 1 ** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the ''International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the ''Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the song ...
Flight Lieutenant
Jerry Rawlings Jerry John Rawlings (born Jerry Rawlings John; 22 June 194712 November 2020) was a Ghanaian military officer, aviator, and politician who led the country briefly in 1979 and then from 1981 to 2001. He led a military junta until 1993 and then se ...
takes power in
Ghana Ghana, officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country in West Africa. It is situated along the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean to the south, and shares borders with Côte d’Ivoire to the west, Burkina Faso to the north, and Togo to t ...
after a
military coup A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. Militaries are typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with their members identifiable by a d ...
in which General
Fred Akuffo Lieutenant General Frederick William "Fred" Kwasi Akuffo (21 March 1937 – 26 June 1979) was a Ghanaian soldier and politician who was the Chief of the Defence Staff of the Ghana Armed Forces from 1976 to 1978, and chairman of the ruling S ...
is overthrown. *
1983 1983 saw both the official beginning of the Internet and the first mobile cellular telephone call. Events January * January 1 – The migration of the ARPANET to TCP/IP is officially completed (this is considered to be the beginning of the ...
Gordon Kahl Gordon Wendell Kahl (January 8, 1920 – June 3, 1983) was an American World War II veteran, farmer and tax protester who was known for being a one-time member of the Posse Comitatus movement and for his involvement in two fatal shootouts w ...
, who killed two
US Marshals The United States Marshals Service (USMS) is a Federal law enforcement in the United States, federal law enforcement agency in the United States. The Marshals Service serves as the enforcement and security arm of the United States federal judi ...
in
Medina, North Dakota Medina is a city in Stutsman County, North Dakota, Stutsman County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 264 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census. Medina was founded in 1899. Geography According to the United States Census Bu ...
on February 13, is killed in a shootout in
Smithville, Arkansas Smithville is a town in Lawrence County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 78 at the 2010 census. History Euro-American settlers first came to the area of Smithville in 1808. Smithville became the county seat of modern-day Lawrence Co ...
, along with a local sheriff, after a four-month manhunt. *
1986 The year 1986 was designated as the International Year of Peace by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 ** Aruba gains increased autonomy from the Netherlands by separating from the Netherlands Antilles. ** Spain and Portugal en ...
Jonathan Pollard Jonathan Jay Pollard (born August 7, 1954) is an American former intelligence analyst who was jailed for spying for Israel. In 1984, Pollard sold numerous state secrets, including the National Security Agency's ten-volume manual on how the U.S. ...
pleads guilty to
espionage Espionage, spying, or intelligence gathering, as a subfield of the intelligence field, is the act of obtaining secret or confidential information ( intelligence). A person who commits espionage on a mission-specific contract is called an ...
for selling top secret United States
military intelligence Military intelligence is a military discipline that uses information collection and analysis List of intelligence gathering disciplines, approaches to provide guidance and direction to assist Commanding officer, commanders in decision making pr ...
to
Israel Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in West Asia. It Borders of Israel, shares borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the north-east, Jordan to the east, Egypt to the south-west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. Isr ...
. *
1988 1988 was a crucial year in the early history of the Internet—it was the year of the first well-known computer virus, the Morris worm, 1988 Internet worm. The first permanent intercontinental Internet link was made between the United State ...
– Three cars on a train carrying
hexogen RDX (Research Department Explosive or Royal Demolition Explosive) or hexogen, among other names, is an organic compound with the formula (CH2N2O2)3. It is white, odorless, and tasteless, widely used as an explosive. Chemically, it is classified ...
to
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a landlocked country primarily in Central Asia, with a European Kazakhstan, small portion in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the Kazakhstan–Russia border, north and west, China to th ...
explode An explosion is a rapid expansion in volume of a given amount of matter associated with an extreme outward release of energy, usually with the generation of high temperatures and release of high-pressure gases. Explosions may also be generated ...
in
Arzamas Arzamas (, ) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia, located on the Tyosha River (a tributary of the Oka River, Oka), east of Moscow. As of 2024, it has a population of 103,629. History Arzamas ...
,
Gorky Oblast Nizhny Novgorod Oblast () is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Nizhny Novgorod. It has a population of 3,119,115 as of the 2021 Census. From 1932 to 1990 it was known as Gorky Oblast (). The oblast ...
,
USSR The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...
, killing 91 and injuring about 1,500. *
1989 1989 was a turning point in political history with the "Revolutions of 1989" which ended communism in Eastern Bloc of Europe, starting in Poland and Hungary, with experiments in power-sharing coming to a head with the opening of the Berlin W ...
– In the 1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election,
Ali Khamenei Ali Hosseini Khamenei (; born 19 April 1939) is an Iranian cleric and politician who has served as the second supreme leader of Iran since 1989. He previously served as the third President of Iran, president from 1981 to 1989. Khamenei's tenure ...
is elected as the new
Supreme Leader of Iran The supreme leader of Iran, also referred to as the supreme leader of the Islamic Revolution, but officially called the supreme leadership authority, is the head of state and the highest political and religious authority of Iran (above the Presi ...
after the death and funeral of Ruhollah Khomeini. * 1989 – The
1989 Tiananmen Square protests The Tiananmen Square protests, known within China as the June Fourth Incident, were student-led Demonstration (people), demonstrations held in Tiananmen Square in Beijing, China, lasting from 15 April to 4 June 1989. After weeks of unsucces ...
are suppressed in Beijing by the People's Liberation Army, with between 241 and 10,000 dead (an unofficial estimate). * 1989 –
Solidarity Solidarity or solidarism is an awareness of shared interests, objectives, standards, and sympathies creating a psychological sense of unity of groups or classes. True solidarity means moving beyond individual identities and single issue politics ...
's victory in the
1989 Polish legislative election Parliamentary elections were held in Poland on 4 June 1989 to elect members of the Sejm and the recreated Senate, with a second round on 18 June. They were the first elections in the country since the communist government abandoned its monopoly ...
occurs, the first election since the Communist
Polish United Workers' Party The Polish United Workers' Party (, ), commonly abbreviated to PZPR, was the communist party which ruled the Polish People's Republic as a one-party state from 1948 to 1989. The PZPR had led two other legally permitted subordinate minor parti ...
abandoned its monopoly of power. It sparks off the
Revolutions of 1989 The revolutions of 1989, also known as the Fall of Communism, were a revolutionary wave of liberal democracy movements that resulted in the collapse of most Communist state, Marxist–Leninist governments in the Eastern Bloc and other parts ...
in Eastern Europe. * 1989 – Ufa train disaster: A
natural gas Natural gas (also fossil gas, methane gas, and gas) is a naturally occurring compound of gaseous hydrocarbons, primarily methane (95%), small amounts of higher alkanes, and traces of carbon dioxide and nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide and helium ...
explosion near
Ufa Ufa is a city in Russia and the capital of the republic of Bashkortostan. UFA or Ufa may also refer to: Places * Ufa (river), a river in Russia; a tributary of the Belaya * Ufa International Airport, near the Russian city * Ufa railway statio ...
, Russia, kills 575 as two trains passing each other throw sparks near a leaky pipeline. *
1996 1996 was designated as: * International Year for the Eradication of Poverty Events January * January 8 – A Zairean cargo plane crashes into a crowded market in the center of the capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo ...
– The first flight of
Ariane 5 Ariane 5 is a retired European heavy-lift space launch vehicle operated by Arianespace for the European Space Agency (ESA). It was launched from the Guiana Space Centre (CSG) in French Guiana. It was used to deliver payloads into geostationar ...
explodes after roughly 37 seconds. It was a
Cluster mission Cluster II was a space mission of the European Space Agency, with NASA participation, to study the Earth's magnetosphere over the course of nearly two solar cycles. The mission was composed of four identical spacecraft flying in a tetrahedral fo ...
. *
1998 1998 was designated as the ''International Year of the Ocean''. Events January * January 6 – The ''Lunar Prospector'' spacecraft is launched into orbit around the Moon, and later finds evidence for Lunar water, frozen water, in soil i ...
Terry Nichols Terry Lynn Nichols (born April 1, 1955) is an American domestic terrorism in the United States, domestic terrorist who was convicted for conspiring with Timothy McVeigh in the Oklahoma City bombing plot. Nichols was born in Lapeer, Michigan. ...
is sentenced to life in prison for his role in the
Oklahoma City bombing The Oklahoma City bombing was a domestic terrorist truck bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, United States, on April 19, 1995. The bombing remains the deadliest act of domestic terrorism in U.S. history. Perpetr ...
. *
2005 2005 was designated as the International Year for Sport and Physical Education and the International Year of Microcredit. The beginning of 2005 also marked the end of the International Decade of the World's Indigenous Peoples, Internationa ...
– The Civic Forum of the Romanians of Covasna, Harghita and Mureș is founded. *
2010 The year saw a multitude of natural and environmental disasters such as the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, and the 2010 Chile earthquake. The 2009 swine flu pandemic, swine flu pandemic which began the previous year ...
Falcon 9 Flight 1 The Dragon Spacecraft Qualification Unit was a boilerplate version of the Dragon spacecraft manufactured by SpaceX. After using it for ground tests to rate Dragon's shape and mass in various tests, SpaceX launched it into low Earth orbit on the ...
is the maiden flight of the SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, which launches from Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 40, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 40. *2023 – 2023 Polish protests, Protests begin in Poland against the Andrzej Duda, Duda government. *2023 – Four people are killed when a Cessna Citation V 2023 Virginia plane crash, crashes into Mine Bank Mountain in Augusta County, Virginia.


Births


Pre-1600

* 590 – Harsha, Maharajadhiraja of Kannauj (died 647) *1394 – Philippa of England, Queen of Denmark, Norway and Sweden (died 1430) *1489 – Antoine, Duke of Lorraine (died 1544) *1563 – George Heriot, Scottish goldsmith (died 1624)


1601–1900

*1604 – Claudia de' Medici, Italian daughter of Christina of Lorraine (died 1648) *1665 – Zacharie Robutel de La Noue, Canadian captain (died 1733) *1694 – François Quesnay, French economist and physician (died 1774) *1704 – Benjamin Huntsman, English inventor and businessman (died 1776) *1738 – George III of the United Kingdom (died 1820) *1744 – Patrick Ferguson, Scottish soldier, designed the Ferguson rifle (died 1780) *1754 – Miguel de Azcuénaga, Argentinian soldier (died 1833) * 1754 – Franz Xaver von Zach, Slovak astronomer and academic (died 1832) *1787 – Constant Prévost, French geologist and academic (died 1856) *1801 – James Pennethorne, English architect, designed Victoria Park, Tower Hamlets, Victoria Park (died 1871) *1821 – Apollon Maykov, Russian poet and playwright (died 1897) *1829 – Jinmaku Kyūgorō, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 12th Makuuchi#Yokozuna, Yokozuna (died 1903) *1854 – Solko van den Bergh, Dutch target shooter (died 1916) *1860 – Alexis Lapointe, Canadian runner (died 1924) *1861 – William Propsting, Australian politician, 20th Premier of Tasmania (died 1937) *1866 – Miina Sillanpää, Finnish journalist and politician (died 1952) *1867 – Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, Finnish general and politician, 6th President of Finland (died 1951) *1873 – Nictzin Dyalhis, American author (died 1942) *1877 – Heinrich Otto Wieland, German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1957) *1879 – Mabel Lucie Attwell, English author and illustrator (died 1964) *1880 – Clara Blandick, American actress (died 1962) *1885 – Arturo Rawson, Argentinian general and politician, 26th President of Argentina (died 1952) *1889 – Beno Gutenberg, German-American seismologist (died 1960)


1901–present

*1903 – Yevgeny Mravinsky, Russian conductor (died 1988) *1904 – Bhagat Puran Singh, Indian publisher, environmentalist, and philanthropist (died 1992) *1907 – Jacques Roumain, Haitian journalist and politician (died 1944) * 1907 – Rosalind Russell, American actress (died 1976) * 1907 – Patience Strong, English poet and journalist (died 1990) *1910 – Christopher Cockerell, English engineer, invented the hovercraft (died 1999) *
1912 This year is notable for Sinking of the Titanic, the sinking of the ''Titanic'', which occurred on April 15. In Albania, this leap year runs with only 353 days as the country achieved switching from the Julian to Gregorian Calendar by skippin ...
– Robert Jacobsen, Danish sculptor and painter (died 1993) *1915 – Walter Hadlee, New Zealand cricketer (died 2006) * 1915 – Modibo Keïta, Malian educator and politician, 1st President of Mali (died 1977) * 1915 – Nils Kihlberg, Swedish actor, singer, and director (died 1965) *
1916 Events Below, the events of the First World War have the "WWI" prefix. January * January 1 – The British Empire, British Royal Army Medical Corps carries out the first successful blood transfusion, using blood that has been stored ...
– Robert F. Furchgott, American biochemist and pharmacologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2009) * 1916 – Fernand Leduc, Canadian painter (died 2014) *
1917 Events Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix. January * January 9 – WWI – Battle of Rafa: The last substantial Ottoman Army garrison on the Sinai Peninsula is captured by the Egyptian Expeditionary Force's ...
– Robert Merrill, American actor and singer (died 2004) *1921 – Milan Komar, Slovenian-Argentinian philosopher and academic (died 2006) * 1921 – Bobby Wanzer, American basketball player and coach (died 2016) *1923 – Elizabeth Jolley, English-Australian author and academic (died 2007) * 1923 – Mas Oyama, Masutatsu Ōyama, Japanese karateka (died 1994) * 1923 – Yuriko, Princess Mikasa, Japanese princess (died 2024) *1924 – Tofilau Eti Alesana, Samoan politician, 5th Prime Minister of Samoa (died 1999) * 1924 – Dennis Weaver, American actor and director (died 2006) *1925 – Antonio Puchades, Spanish footballer (died 2013) *1926 – Robert Earl Hughes, American List of the heaviest people, who was the heaviest human being recorded in the history of the world during his lifetime (died 1958) * 1926 – Ain Kaalep, Estonian poet, playwright, and critic (died 2020) * 1926 – Judith Malina, German-American actress and director, co-founded The Living Theatre (died 2015) *1927 – Henning Carlsen, Danish director, producer, and screenwriter (died 2014) * 1927 – Geoffrey Palmer (actor), Geoffrey Palmer, English actor (died 2020) *
1928 Events January * January – British bacteriologist Frederick Griffith reports the results of Griffith's experiment, indirectly demonstrating that DNA is the genetic material. * January 1 – Eastern Bloc emigration and defection: Boris B ...
– Ruth Westheimer, German-American sex therapist, talk show host, professor, author, and Holocaust survivor (died 2024) *1929 – Karolos Papoulias, Greek lawyer and politician, 5th President of Greece (died 2021) *1930 – George Chesworth, English air marshal and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Moray (died 2017) * 1930 – Morgana King, American singer and actress (died 2018) * 1930 – Viktor Tikhonov (ice hockey, born 1930), Viktor Tikhonov, Russian ice hockey player and coach (died 2014) *1931 – Gustav Nossal, Austrian-Australian biologist and academic *
1932 Events January * January 4 – The British authorities in India arrest and intern Mahatma Gandhi and Vallabhbhai Patel. * January 9 – Sakuradamon Incident (1932), Sakuradamon Incident: Korean nationalist Lee Bong-chang fails in his effort ...
– John Drew Barrymore, American actor (died 2004) * 1932 – Oliver Nelson, American saxophonist and composer (died 1975) * 1932 – Maurice Shadbolt, New Zealand author and playwright (died 2004) *1934 – Monica Dacon, Vincentian educator and politician, 6th Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines * 1934 – Daphne Sheldrick, Kenyan-British conservationist and author (died 2018) *1935 – Colette Boky, Canadian soprano and actress * 1935 – Berhanu Dinka, Ethiopian economist and diplomat (died 2013) *1936 – Vince Camuto, American fashion designer and businessman, co-founded Nine West (died 2015) * 1936 – Bruce Dern, American actor *1937 – Freddy Fender, American singer and guitarist (died 2006) * 1937 – Gorilla Monsoon, American wrestler (died 1999) * 1937 – Mortimer Zuckerman, Canadian-American businessman and publisher, founded Boston Properties *1938 – John Harvard (politician), John Harvard, Canadian journalist and politician, 23rd Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba (died 2016) * 1938 – Art Mahaffey, American baseball player *
1939 This year also marks the start of the World War II, Second World War, the largest and deadliest conflict in human history. Events Events related to World War II have a "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 ** Coming into effect in Nazi Ger ...
– Jeremy Browne, 11th Marquess of Sligo, Anglo-Irish peer (died 2014) * 1939 – Denis de Belleval, Canadian civil servant and politician * 1939 – Henri Pachard, American director and producer (died 2008) * 1939 – George Reid (Scottish politician), George Reid, Scottish journalist and politician, 2nd Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament *
1940 A calendar from 1940 according to the Gregorian calendar, factoring in the dates of Easter and related holidays, cannot be used again until the year 5280. Events Below, events related to World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January *Janu ...
– Ludwig Schwarz, Slovak-Austrian bishop *1941 – Kenneth G. Ross, Australian playwright and screenwriter *
1942 The Uppsala Conflict Data Program project estimates this to be the deadliest year in human history in terms of conflict deaths, placing the death toll at 4.62 million. However, the Correlates of War estimates that the prior year, 1941, was th ...
– Louis Reichardt, American mountaineer * 1942 – Bill Rowe, Canadian lawyer and politician *
1943 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: The Soviet Union announces that 22 German divisions have been encircled at Stalingrad, with 175,000 killed and 137,650 captured. * January 4 ...
– John Burgess (host), John Burgess, Australian radio and television host * 1943 – Sandra Haynie, American golfer * 1943 – Tom Jaine, English author *
1944 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: ** Free France, Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command First Army (France), French Army B, part of the Sixt ...
– Roger Ball (musician), Roger Ball, Scottish saxophonist and songwriter * 1944 – Michelle Phillips, American singer-songwriter and actress *1945 – Anthony Braxton, American saxophonist, clarinet player, and composer * 1945 – Daniel Topolski, English rower and coach (died 2015) * 1945 – Gordon Waller, Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2009) *1947 – Viktor Klima, Austrian businessman and politician, 25th Chancellor of Austria *1948 – Bob Champion, English jockey * 1948 – Sandra Post, Canadian golfer and sportscaster * 1948 – Jürgen Sparwasser, German footballer and manager *1949 – Gabriel Arcand, Canadian actor * 1949 – Mark B. Cohen, American lawyer and politician *1950 – Raymond Dumais, Canadian bishop (died 2012) *1951 – Leigh Kennedy, American author * 1951 – Bronisław Malinowski (athlete), Bronisław Malinowski, Polish runner (died 1981) * 1951 – Melanie Phillips, English journalist and author * 1951 – Wendy Pini, American author and illustrator * 1951 – David Yip, English actor and playwright * 1951 – Lyle Stewart, Canadian politician, Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan MLA (1999–2023) (died 2024) *1952 – Bronisław Komorowski, Polish historian and politician, 5th President of Poland * 1952 – Dambudzo Marechera, Zimbabwean author and poet (died 1987) *1953 – Linda Lingle, American journalist and politician, 6th Governor of Hawaii * 1953 – Jimmy McCulloch, Scottish musician and songwriter (died 1979) * 1953 – Susumu Ojima, Japanese businessman, founded Huser * 1953 – Paul Samson, English guitarist and producer (died 2002) *1954 – Raphael Ravenscroft, English saxophonist and composer (died 2014) * 1954 – Kazuhiro Yamaji, Japanese actor and voice actor *1955 – Val McDermid, Scottish author * 1955 – Mary Testa, American singer and actress *1956 – Keith David, American actor * 1956 – John Hockenberry, American journalist and author * 1956 – Terry Kennedy (baseball), Terry Kennedy, American baseball player and manager * 1956 – Joyce Sidman, American author and poet *1957 – Neil McNab, Scottish footballer *1959 – Juan Camacho (Bolivian athlete), Juan Camacho, Bolivian runner * 1959 – Georgios Voulgarakis, Greek politician, 21st Minister for Culture (Greece), Greek Minister for Culture * 1959 – Anil Ambani, Indian businessman and Chairman of Reliance Infrastructure *1960 – Miloš Đelmaš, Serbian footballer and manager * 1960 – Kristine Kathryn Rusch, American author * 1960 – Paul Taylor (keyboardist), Paul Taylor, American guitarist and keyboard player * 1960 – Bradley Walsh, English television presenter, comedian, singer and former footballer *
1961 Events January * January 1 – Monetary reform in the Soviet Union, 1961, Monetary reform in the Soviet Union. * January 3 ** United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower announces that the United States has severed diplomatic and cons ...
– El DeBarge, American singer-songwriter and producer * 1961 – Ferenc Gyurcsány, Hungarian businessman and politician, 6th Prime Minister of Hungary *1962 – Krzysztof Hołowczyc, Polish race car driver * 1962 – Zenon Jaskuła, Polish cyclist * 1962 – John P. Kee, American singer-songwriter and pastor * 1962 – Junius Ho, Hong Kong solicitor and politician *1963 – Sean Fitzpatrick, New Zealand rugby union player * 1963 – Jim Lachey, American football player and sportscaster * 1963 – Xavier McDaniel, American basketball player and coach *1964 – Sean Pertwee, English actor * 1964 – Kōji Yamamura, Japanese animator, producer, and screenwriter *1965 – Mick Doohan, Australian motorcycle racer * 1965 – Andrea Jaeger, American tennis player and preacher *1966 – Cecilia Bartoli, Italian soprano and actress * 1966 – Svetlana Jitomirskaya, American mathematician * 1966 – Vladimir Voevodsky, Russian mathematician and academic (died 2017) * 1966 – Bill Wiggin, English politician, Shadow Secretary of State for Wales *
1967 Events January * January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of Canadian Confederation, Confederation, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair. * January 6 – Vietnam War: United States Marine Corps and Army of ...
– Michael Greyeyes, Canadian actor, dancer, choreographer, director, and educator * 1967 – Robert S. Kimbrough, American colonel and astronaut *1968 – Niurka Montalvo, Cuban-Spanish long jumper * 1968 – Al B. Sure!, American R&B singer-songwriter, keyboard player, and producer * 1968 – Scott Wolf, American actor *1969 – Horatio Sanz, Chilean-American actor and comedian *
1970 Events January * January 1 – Unix time epoch reached at 00:00:00 UTC. * January 5 – The 7.1 1970 Tonghai earthquake, Tonghai earthquake shakes Tonghai County, Yunnan province, China, with a maximum Mercalli intensity scale, Mercalli ...
– Deborah Compagnoni, Italian skier * 1970 – Richie Hawtin, English-Canadian DJ and producer * 1970 – Dave Pybus, English bass player and songwriter * 1970 – Izabella Scorupco, Polish-Swedish actress and model *1971 – Joseph Kabila, Congolese soldier and politician, President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo * 1971 – Mike Lee, American lawyer and politician * 1971 – Shoji Meguro, Japanese director and composer * 1971 – Noah Wyle, American actor and producer *1972 – Derian Hatcher, American ice hockey defenseman * 1972 – Rob Huebel, American comedian, actor, producer, and screenwriter *1973 – Mikey Whipwreck, American wrestler and trainer *1974 – Jacob Sahaya Kumar Aruni, Indian chef (died 2012) * 1974 – Darin Erstad, American baseball player and coach * 1974 – Andrew Gwynne, English lawyer and politician * 1974 – Janette Husárová, Slovak tennis player * 1974 – Buddy Wakefield, American poet and author *
1975 It was also declared the ''International Women's Year'' by the United Nations and the European Architectural Heritage Year by the Council of Europe. Events January * January 1 – Watergate scandal (United States): John N. Mitchell, H. R. ...
– Russell Brand, English comedian and actor * 1975 – Henry Burris, American football player * 1975 – Angelina Jolie, American actress, filmmaker, humanitarian, and activist * 1975 – Dinanath Ramnarine, Trinidadian cricketer *1976 – Kasey Chambers, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1976 – Alexei Navalny, Russian lawyer and politician (died 2024) * 1976 – Nenad Zimonjić, Serbian tennis player *
1977 Events January * January 8 – 1977 Moscow bombings, Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group. * January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (no ...
– Dionisis Chiotis, Greek footballer * 1977 – Alex Manninger, Austrian footballer * 1977 – Roman Miroshnichenko, Ukrainian guitarist and composer * 1977 – Roland G. Fryer Jr., American economist and professor *
1979 Events January * January 1 ** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the ''International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the ''Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the song ...
– Naohiro Takahara, Japanese footballer * 1979 – Daniel Vickerman, South African-Australian rugby player (died 2017) *1980 – François Beauchemin, Canadian ice hockey player *1981 – Jennifer Carroll (swimmer), Jennifer Carroll, Canadian swimmer * 1981 – T.J. Miller, American actor and comedian * 1981 – Giourkas Seitaridis, Greek footballer * 1981 – Gary Taylor-Fletcher, English footballer * 1981 – Natalia Vodopyanova, Russian basketball player *1982 – Matt Gilks, Scottish footballer * 1982 – Abel Kirui, Kenyan runner * 1982 – Ronnie Prude, American-Canadian football player *
1983 1983 saw both the official beginning of the Internet and the first mobile cellular telephone call. Events January * January 1 – The migration of the ARPANET to TCP/IP is officially completed (this is considered to be the beginning of the ...
– Romaric (footballer), Romaric, Ivorian footballer * 1983 – Emmanuel Eboué, Ivorian footballer * 1983 – Olha Saladuha, Ukrainian triple jumper *1984 – Henri Bedimo, Cameroonian footballer * 1984 – Kento Handa, Japanese actor and singer * 1984 – Stuart Kettlewell, Scottish football manager and former player * 1984 – Enrico Rossi Chauvenet, Italian footballer * 1984 – Ian White (ice hockey), Ian White, Canadian ice hockey player * 1984 – Rainie Yang, Taiwanese actress *1985 – Leon Botha, South African painter and DJ (died 2011) * 1985 – Anna-Lena Grönefeld, German tennis player * 1985 – Evan Lysacek, American figure skater * 1985 – Lukas Podolski, German footballer * 1985 – Bar Refaeli, Israeli model and actress * 1985 – Oddvar Reiakvam, Norwegian politician *1987 – Mollie King, English singer *
1988 1988 was a crucial year in the early history of the Internet—it was the year of the first well-known computer virus, the Morris worm, 1988 Internet worm. The first permanent intercontinental Internet link was made between the United State ...
– Matt Bartkowski, American ice hockey defenseman * 1988 – Kimberley Busteed, Australian model * 1988 – Tjaronn Chery, Dutch-born Surinamese footballer *
1989 1989 was a turning point in political history with the "Revolutions of 1989" which ended communism in Eastern Bloc of Europe, starting in Poland and Hungary, with experiments in power-sharing coming to a head with the opening of the Berlin W ...
– Federico Erba, Italian footballer * 1989 – Paweł Fajdek, Polish hammer thrower *1990 – Evan Spiegel, American Internet entrepreneur *1991 – Lorenzo Insigne, Italian footballer * 1991 – Matt McIlwrick, New Zealand rugby league player * 1991 – Ben Stokes, New Zealand-English cricketer * 1991 – Rajiv van La Parra, Dutch footballer *1992 – Jordan Hugill, English footballer *1993 – Jonathan Huberdeau, Canadian ice hockey player * 1993 – Juan Iturbe, Paraguayan footballer * 1993 – Aaron Nola, American baseball player * 1993 – Annika Taylor, British-American cross-country skier *
1996 1996 was designated as: * International Year for the Eradication of Poverty Events January * January 8 – A Zairean cargo plane crashes into a crowded market in the center of the capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo ...
– Oli McBurnie, Scottish footballer *
1998 1998 was designated as the ''International Year of the Ocean''. Events January * January 6 – The ''Lunar Prospector'' spacecraft is launched into orbit around the Moon, and later finds evidence for Lunar water, frozen water, in soil i ...
– Central Cee, British rapper and songwriter *1999 – Kim So-hyun, South Korean actress * 1999 – Drew Pavlou, Australian activist *2001 – Takefusa Kubo, Japanese footballer *2004 – Mackenzie Ziegler, American Child actor, child actress, dancer, and Recording Artist, recording artist *2021 – Princess Lilibet of Sussex


Deaths


Pre-1600

* 756 – Emperor Shōmu, Shōmu, Japanese emperor (born 701) * 863 – Charles (archbishop of Mainz), Charles, archbishop of Electorate of Mainz, Mainz * 895 – Li Xi (Tang dynasty), Li Xi, Chancellor of the Tang dynasty, chancellor of the Tang dynasty, Tang Dynasty * 946 – Guaimar II of Salerno, Guaimar II (Gybbosus), Lombard prince * 956 – Muhammad III of Shirvan, Muslim ruler *1039 – Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor (born 990) *1102 – Władysław I Herman, Polish nobleman (born c. 1044) *1134 – Magnus I of Sweden (born 1106) *1135 – Emperor Huizong of Song (born 1082) *1206 – Adela of Champagne (born 1140) *1246 – Isabella of Angoulême (born 1188) *1257 – Przemysł I of Greater Poland (born 1221) *1394 – Mary de Bohun, wife of Henry IV of England (bornc. 1368) *1453 – Andronikos Palaiologos Kantakouzenos, Byzantine commander *1463 – Flavio Biondo, Italian historian and author (born 1392) *1472 – Nezahualcoyotl (tlatoani), Nezahualcoyotl, Aztec poet (born 1402) *1585 – Muretus, French philosopher and author (born 1526)


1601–1900

*1608 – Francis Caracciolo (saint), Francis Caracciolo, Italian Catholic priest (born 1563) *1622 – Péter Révay, Hungarian soldier and historian (born 1568) *1647 – Canonicus, Grand Chief Sachem of the Narragansett (born 1565) *1663 – William Juxon, English archbishop and academic (born 1582) *1798 – Giacomo Casanova, Italian adventurer and author (born 1725) *1801 – Frederick Muhlenberg, American minister and politician, 1st Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (born 1750) *1809 – Nicolai Abildgaard, Danish neoclassical and history painter, sculptor and architect (born 1743) *1830 – Antonio José de Sucre, Venezuelan general and politician, 2nd President of Bolivia (born 1795) *1872 – Johan Rudolph Thorbecke, Dutch historian, jurist, and politician, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (born 1798) *1875 – Eduard Mörike, German pastor and poet (born 1804) *
1876 Events January * January 1 ** The Reichsbank opens in Berlin. ** The Bass Brewery Red Triangle becomes the world's first registered trademark symbol. *January 27 – The Northampton Bank robbery occurs in Massachusetts. February * Febr ...
– Abdülaziz of the Ottoman Empire, 32nd Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (born 1830)


1901–present

*1906 – George Griffith, British writer (born 1857) *1922 – W. H. R. Rivers, English anthropologist, neurologist, ethnologist, and psychiatrist (born 1864) *1925 – Margaret Murray Washington, American Academic (born 1865) *1926 – Fred Spofforth, Australian-English cricketer and coach (born 1853) *
1928 Events January * January – British bacteriologist Frederick Griffith reports the results of Griffith's experiment, indirectly demonstrating that DNA is the genetic material. * January 1 – Eastern Bloc emigration and defection: Boris B ...
Zhang Zuolin Zhang Zuolin; courtesy name Yuting ( zh, c=雨亭, p=Yǔtíng, labels=no) and nicknamed Zhang Laogang ( zh, c=張老疙瘩, p=Zhāng Lǎo Gēda, labels=no) (March 19, 1875June 4, 1928) was a Chinese warlord who ruled Manchuria from 1916 to 1928 ...
, Chinese warlord (born 1873) *1929 – Harry Frazee, American director, producer, and agent (born 1881) *1931 – Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca, Sharif and Emir of Mecca, King of the Hejaz (born 1853–54) *1933 – Ahmet Haşim, Turkish poet and author (born 1884) *1936 – Mathilde Verne, English pianist and educator (born 1869) *
1939 This year also marks the start of the World War II, Second World War, the largest and deadliest conflict in human history. Events Events related to World War II have a "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 ** Coming into effect in Nazi Ger ...
– Tommy Ladnier, American trumpet player (born 1900) *1941 – Wilhelm II, German Emperor (born 1859) *
1942 The Uppsala Conflict Data Program project estimates this to be the deadliest year in human history in terms of conflict deaths, placing the death toll at 4.62 million. However, the Correlates of War estimates that the prior year, 1941, was th ...
– Reinhard Heydrich, German SS officer and a principle architect of the The Holocaust, Holocaust (born 1904) *1951 – Serge Koussevitzky, Russian-American bassist, composer, and conductor (born 1874) *1956 – Katherine MacDonald, American actress and producer (born 1881) *1962 – Clem McCarthy, American sportscaster (born 1882) *
1967 Events January * January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of Canadian Confederation, Confederation, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair. * January 6 – Vietnam War: United States Marine Corps and Army of ...
– Linda Eenpalu, Estonian lawyer and politician (born 1890) *1968 – Dorothy Gish, American actress (born 1898) *
1970 Events January * January 1 – Unix time epoch reached at 00:00:00 UTC. * January 5 – The 7.1 1970 Tonghai earthquake, Tonghai earthquake shakes Tonghai County, Yunnan province, China, with a maximum Mercalli intensity scale, Mercalli ...
– Sonny Tufts, American actor (born 1911) *1971 – György Lukács, Hungarian historian and philosopher (born 1885) *1973 – Maurice René Fréchet, French mathematician and academic (born 1878) * 1973 – Murry Wilson, American songwriter, producer, and manager (born 1917) *1981 – Leslie Averill, New Zealand doctor and soldier (born 1897) *
1989 1989 was a turning point in political history with the "Revolutions of 1989" which ended communism in Eastern Bloc of Europe, starting in Poland and Hungary, with experiments in power-sharing coming to a head with the opening of the Berlin W ...
– Dik Browne, American cartoonist (born 1917) *1990 – Stiv Bators, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1949) *1992 – Carl Stotz, American businessman, founded Little League Baseball (born 1910) *1993 – Bernard Evslin, American writer (born 1922) *1994 – Derek Leckenby, English musician (born 1943) *1997 – Ronnie Lane, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (born 1946) *
1998 1998 was designated as the ''International Year of the Ocean''. Events January * January 6 – The ''Lunar Prospector'' spacecraft is launched into orbit around the Moon, and later finds evidence for Lunar water, frozen water, in soil i ...
– Josephine Hutchinson, American actress (born 1903) *2002 – Fernando Belaúnde Terry, Peruvian architect and politician, 42nd President of Peru (born 1912) *2004 – Steve Lacy (saxophonist), Steve Lacy, American saxophonist and composer (born 1934) * 2004 – Nino Manfredi, Italian actor (born 1921) *2007 – Clete Boyer, American baseball player and coach (born 1937) * 2007 – Bill France Jr., American businessman (born 1933) * 2007 – Craig L. Thomas, American captain and politician (born 1933) *
2010 The year saw a multitude of natural and environmental disasters such as the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, and the 2010 Chile earthquake. The 2009 swine flu pandemic, swine flu pandemic which began the previous year ...
– John Wooden, American basketball player and coach (born 1910) *2011 – Juan Francisco Luis, Virgin Islander sergeant and politician, 23rd Governor of the United States Virgin Islands (born 1940) * 2011 – Andreas P. Nielsen, Danish author and composer (born 1953) *2012 – Peter Beaven, New Zealand architect, designed the Lyttelton Road Tunnel Administration Building (born 1925) * 2012 – Pedro Borbón, Dominican-American baseball player (born 1946) * 2012 – Rodolfo Quezada Toruño, Guatemalan cardinal (born 1932) * 2012 – Herb Reed, American violinist (born 1929) *2013 – Walt Arfons, American race car driver (born 1916) * 2013 – Joey Covington, American drummer (born 1945) * 2013 – Hermann Gunnarsson, Icelandic footballer, handball player, and sportscaster (born 1946) * 2013 – Will Wynn (American football), Will Wynn, American football player (born 1949) *2014 – George Ho, American-Hong Kong businessman (born 1919) * 2014 – Nathan Shamuyarira, Zimbabwean journalist and politician, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Zimbabwe), Zimbabwean Minister of Foreign Affairs (born 1928) * 2014 – Sydney Templeman, Baron Templeman, English lawyer and judge (born 1920) * 2014 – Don Zimmer, American baseball player, coach, and manager (born 1931) *2015 – Marguerite Patten, English economist and author (born 1915) * 2015 – Leonid Plyushch, Ukrainian mathematician and academic (born 1938) * 2015 – Jabe Thomas, American race car driver (born 1930) * 2015 – Anne Warburton, British academic and diplomat, List of Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Denmark, British Ambassador to Denmark (born 1927) *2016 – Carmen Pereira, Bissau-Guinean politician (born 1937) *2017 – Juan Goytisolo, Spanish essayist, poet and novelist (born 1931) *2021 – Clarence Williams III, American actor (born 1939) *2022 – George Lamming, Barbadian novelist (born 1927) *2023 – Sulochana Latkar, Indian actress (born 1928) *2024 – John Blackman, Australian radio and television presenter (born 1947) *2024 – Parnelli Jones, American racing driver (born 1933) *2025 – Marc Garneau, Canadian astronaut and Member of Parliament (born 1949)


Holidays and observances

*Christian feast day: **Filippo Smaldone **Francis Caracciolo (saint), Francis Caracciolo **Optatus **Saint Petroc, Petroc of Cornwall **Quirinus of Sescia **Saturnina **June 4 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) *Birthday of Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, C. G. E. Mannerheim, Marshal of Finland and the Flag flying days in Finland, flag flying day of the Finnish Defence Forces (
Finland Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, ...
) *Emancipation Day#Tonga, Emancipation Day or Independence Day, commemorates the abolition of serfdom in Tonga by King George Tupou I, George Tupou in 1862, and the independence of Tonga from the British protectorate in 1970. (
Tonga Tonga, officially the Kingdom of Tonga, is an island country in Polynesia, part of Oceania. The country has 171 islands, of which 45 are inhabited. Its total surface area is about , scattered over in the southern Pacific Ocean. accordin ...
) *International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression (International observance, International) *National Unity Day (Hungary) *Trianon Treaty Day (Romania) *Memorials for the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, Tiananmen Square Protests of 1989 Memorial Day (International) * Day of state symbols in the Republic of Kazakhstan.


References


External links

* * * {{DEFAULTSORT:June 04 Days of June