Jill Masterson

''Goldfinger'' is a 1964 spy film and the third instalment in the ''James Bond'' series produced by Eon Productions, starring Sean Connery as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. It is based on the 1959 novel of the same title by Ian Fleming. The film also stars Honor Blackman, Gert Fröbe and Shirley Eaton. ''Goldfinger'' was produced by Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman. The film was the first of four Bond films directed by Guy Hamilton.

The film's plot has Bond investigating the gold magnate Auric Goldfinger, who plans to contaminate the United States Bullion Depository at Fort Knox. ''Goldfinger'' was the first Bond blockbuster, with a budget equal to that of the two preceding films combined. Principal photography took place from January to July 1964 in the United Kingdom, Switzerland and the United States.

''Goldfinger'' was heralded as the film in the franchise where James Bond "comes into focus". Many elements introduced in it appeared in many of the later James Bond films, such as the extensive use of technology and gadgets by Bond, an extensive pre-credits sequence that stood largely alone from the main plot, multiple foreign locales and tongue-in-cheek humour. The film's release led to a number of promotional licensed tie-in items, including a toy Aston Martin DB5 car from Corgi Toys''.

''Goldfinger'' was the first Bond film to win an Academy Award (for Best Sound Editing) and opened to largely favourable critical reception. The film was a financial success, recouping its budget in two weeks and grossing over $120 million worldwide. In 1999, it was ranked 70th on the BFI Top 100 British films list.

''Goldfinger'' was followed by '' Thunderball'' in 1965.

Plot

MI6 agent James Bond destroys a drug laboratory and electrocutes an antagonist in a bath in Latin America. Bond then heads to Miami Beach, where his superior, M, through CIA agent Felix Leiter, directs Bond to observe bullion dealer Auric Goldfinger at a hotel in Miami Beach. Bond discovers Goldfinger cheating at a high-stakes gin rummy game, aided by his employee Jill Masterson. Bond interrupts Jill and blackmails Goldfinger into losing. After an evening with Jill, Bond is knocked out by Goldfinger's Korean manservant Oddjob. Bond awakens to find Jill covered in gold paint, dead from skin suffocation.

In London, M tasks Bond with determining how Goldfinger smuggles gold internationally. Q supplies Bond with a modified Aston Martin DB5 and two tracking devices. Bond plays a round of golf with Goldfinger at his country club in Kent, using a bar of recovered Nazi gold supplied to him by the Bank of England. Goldfinger attempts to cheat, but Bond tricks him into losing the match. Goldfinger warns Bond against interfering in his affairs, and Oddjob demonstrates his formidable strength, along with a steel-brimmed hat. Bond follows Goldfinger to Switzerland and meets Jill's sister Tilly, who tries to assassinate Goldfinger but is stopped by Bond.

Bond sneaks into Goldfinger's refinery in Switzerland and overhears him telling Chinese nuclear physicist Ling that he incorporates gold into the bodywork of his Rolls-Royce Phantom III to smuggle out of England. Bond also overhears Goldfinger mention "Operation Grand Slam" and encounters Tilly, who again tries to kill Goldfinger. An alarm is tripped, and Oddjob kills Tilly with his hat while Bond is captured, strapped to a table and menaced with an overhead industrial laser. Bond lies to Goldfinger that MI6 knows about Operation Grand Slam and Goldfinger spares his life. Pussy Galore, a pilot, flies the captive Bond to Goldfinger's stud farm near Lexington, Kentucky in a private jet.

Bond escapes his cell and witnesses Goldfinger's meeting with the American mafia, who have supplied materials needed for Operation Grand Slam. Goldfinger reveals the plan is to break into the US Bullion Depository at Fort Knox by releasing Delta-9 nerve gas into the atmosphere, which causes unconsciousness for 24 hours. Goldfinger promises to multiply the payoff if the scheme succeeds, but they ridicule his plan, particularly Mr. Solo, who demands to be paid immediately and leaves before the others are fatally gassed. Bond is captured by Pussy Galore but attempts to alert the CIA by planting his homing device in Solo's pocket as he leaves.

Solo is killed by Oddjob and his body is destroyed in a car crusher, along with the homing device. Bond confronts Goldfinger over the implausibility of moving the gold and Goldfinger agrees. Bond deduces from Ling's presence that the Chinese government provided a dirty bomb to irradiate the gold, making it worthless; Goldfinger's gold will increase in value and the Chinese will gain power from the resulting economic meltdown. Operation Grand Slam begins with Pussy Galore's Flying Circus spraying gas over Fort Knox, seemingly knocking out the military guards.

Goldfinger's private army breaks into Fort Knox and accesses the vault as Goldfinger arrives in a helicopter with the bomb. In the vault, Goldfinger's henchman Kisch handcuffs Bond to the bomb. Unknown to Goldfinger, Bond convinced Pussy to alert the authorities and replaced the gas with a harmless substance. Goldfinger locks the vault with Bond, Oddjob and Kisch inside. When the US Army attacks, Goldfinger kills Ling and escapes. Oddjob throws Kisch off a gangway after he tries to escape the vault. Bond frees himself with Kisch's key, but Oddjob batters him. Bond electrocutes Oddjob and forces the lock off the bomb but is unsure how to disarm it.

After killing Goldfinger's men, US troops open the vault, and a specialist turns off the device with "007" seconds remaining. Bond boards a jet to have lunch with the President at the White House, but Goldfinger hijacks the plane, tying up the crew in the hangar and putting Pussy in the cockpit. Bond and Goldfinger fight for Goldfinger's gun, which fires, shattering a window and creating an explosive decompression; Goldfinger is blown out of the window. Bond and Pussy parachute from the crashing plane. Leiter's search helicopter passes over the unseen pair; Pussy tries to alert them, but Bond playfully declares, "This is no time to be rescued," and draws the parachute over them.

Cast

* Sean Connery as James Bond (007), an MI6 agent who is sent to investigate Auric Goldfinger. Connery reprised the role of Bond for the third time in a row. His salary rose, but a pay dispute later broke out during filming. After he suffered a back injury when filming the scene where Oddjob knocks Bond unconscious in Miami, the dispute was settled: Eon and Connery agreed to a deal where the actor would receive 5% of the gross of each Bond film he starred in.

* Honor Blackman as Pussy Galore, Goldfinger's personal pilot and leader of an all-female team of pilots known as Pussy Galore's Flying Circus. Blackman was selected for the role of Pussy Galore because of her role as the skilled judoka Cathy Gale in ''The Avengers'', for which she had received martial arts training. The script was rewritten to make Pussy Galore a judoka as well. The character's name follows in the tradition of other Bond girls' names that are double entendres. Concerned about US censors, the producers thought about changing the character's name to "Kitty Galore", but they and Hamilton decided "if you were a ten-year old boy and knew what the name meant, you weren't a ten-year old boy, you were a dirty little bitch. The American censor was concerned, but we got round that by inviting him and his wife out to dinner and old himwe were big supporters of the Republican Party." During promotion, Blackman took delight in embarrassing interviewers by repeatedly mentioning the character's name. While the American censors did not interfere with the name in the film, they refused to allow the name "Pussy Galore" to appear on promotional materials and for the US market she was subsequently called "Miss Galore" or "Goldfinger's personal pilot".

* Gert Fröbe as Auric Goldfinger, a wealthy, psychopathic man obsessed with gold. Orson Welles was considered as Goldfinger, but his financial demands were too high; Theodore Bikel and Titos Vandis auditioned for the role, but failed. Fröbe was cast because the producers saw his performance as a child molester in the German film ''Es geschah am hellichten Tag''. Fröbe, who spoke little English, said his lines phonetically, but was too slow. To redub him, he had to double the speed of his performance to get the right tempo. The only time his real voice is heard is during his meeting with members of the Mafia at Auric Stud. Bond is hidden below the model of Fort Knox whilst Fröbe's natural voice can be heard above. However, he was redubbed for the rest of the film by TV actor Michael Collins. The match is widely praised as one of the most successful dubs in cinema history.

* Shirley Eaton as Jill Masterson, a Bond girl and Goldfinger's aide-de-camp, whom Bond catches helping the villain cheat at a game of cards. Eaton was sent by her agent to meet Harry Saltzman and agreed to take the part if the nudity was done tastefully. It took an hour and a half to apply the paint to her body. Although only a small part in the film, the image of her painted gold was renowned and Eaton appeared as such on the 6 November 1964 cover of ''Life'' magazine.
* Tania Mallet as Tilly Masterson, Jill's sister
* Harold Sakata as Oddjob, Goldfinger's lethal Korean manservant. Director Guy Hamilton cast Sakata, an Olympic silver medalist weightlifter, as Oddjob after seeing him on a wrestling programme. Hamilton called him an "absolutely charming man", and found that "he had a very unique way of moving, oin creating Oddjob I used all of Harold's own characteristics". Sakata was badly burned when filming his death scene, in which Oddjob was electrocuted by Bond. He, however, kept holding onto the hat with determination, despite his pain, until the director called "Cut!". Oddjob has been described as "a wordless role, but one of cinema's great villains."
* Bernard Lee as M, 007's boss and head of the British Secret Service.

* Martin Benson as Mr. Solo, the lone gangster who refused to take part in Operation Grand Slam. The surname Solo was re-used by Ian Fleming when he was briefly involved in creating the character Napoleon Solo for the American TV series ''The Man from U.N.C.L.E.'', which led to a threatened lawsuit by Bond producers Broccoli and Saltzman, forcing Fleming to back out of the series.
* Cec Linder as Felix Leiter, Bond's CIA liaison in the United States. Linder was the only actor actually on location in Miami. Linder's interpretation of Leiter was that of a somewhat older man than the way the character was played by Jack Lord in '' Dr. No''; in reality, Linder was a year younger than Lord. According to screenwriter Richard Maibaum, Lord demanded co-star billing, a bigger role and more money to reprise the role in ''Goldfinger'', which led the producers to recast the part. At the last minute, Cec Linder switched roles with Austin Willis, who played cards with Goldfinger.
* Austin Willis as Mr. Simmons, Goldfinger's gullible gin rummy opponent in Miami
* Lois Maxwell as Miss Moneypenny
* Bill Nagy as Mr Jed Midnight, the gangster whose contributions Goldfinger says helped smuggle the nerve gas across the Canadian border

Desmond Llewelyn is not credited in the opening sequence, but he plays Q, the head of Q-branch. Hamilton told him to inject humour into the character, thus beginning the friendly antagonism between Q and Bond that became a hallmark of the series. He had already appeared in the previous Bond film, '' From Russia with Love'', and, with the exception of '' Live and Let Die'', would continue to play Q in the next 16 Bond films.

Michael Mellinger portrayed Kisch, Goldfinger's secondary and quiet henchman and loyal lieutenant who leads his boss's fake Army convoy to Fort Knox. Nadja Regin played Bonita, a dancer who sets a trap for Bond in the pre-credit sequence. Burt Kwouk portrayed Ling, the Communist Chinese nuclear fission specialist. Richard Vernon played Colonel Smithers, a Bank of England official. Margaret Nolan played Dink, Bond's masseuse from the Miami hotel sequence. (Vernon and Nolan both appeared in '' A Hard Day's Night'' that same year.) Nolan also appeared as the gold-covered body in advertisements for the film and in the opening title sequence as the golden silhouette, described as "Gorgeous, iconic, seminal". Gerry Duggan portrays Hawker, Bond's golf caddy.

Production

Development

While ''From Russia with Love'' was in production, Richard Maibaum began working on the script for ''On Her Majesty's Secret Service'' as the intended next film in the series, but with the release date set for September 1964 there was not enough time to prepare for location shooting in Switzerland and that adaptation was put on hold. With the court case between Kevin McClory and Fleming surrounding ''Thunderball'' still in the High Court, producers Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman turned to ''Goldfinger'' as the third Bond film. ''Goldfinger'' had what was then considered a large budget of $3 million (US$ million in dollars), the equivalent of the budgets of ''Dr. No'' and '' From Russia with Love'' combined, and was the first Bond film classified as a box-office blockbuster. ''Goldfinger'' was chosen with the North American cinema market in mind, as the previous films had concentrated on the Caribbean and Europe.

Terence Young, who had directed the previous two films, chose to film ''The Amorous Adventures of Moll Flanders'' instead, after a pay dispute that saw him denied a percentage of the film's profits. Broccoli and Saltzman turned instead to Guy Hamilton to direct. Hamilton, who had turned down directing ''Dr. No'', felt that he needed to make Bond less of a "superman" by making the villains seem more powerful. Hamilton knew Fleming; both had been involved in intelligence matters in the Royal Navy during the Second World War. ''Goldfinger'' saw the return of two crew members who were not involved with ''From Russia with Love'': Bob Simmons as stunt coordinator and production designer Ken Adam. Both played crucial roles in the development of ''Goldfinger'', with Simmons choreographing the fight sequence between Bond and Oddjob in the vault of Fort Knox, which was not just seen as one of the best Bond fights, but also "must stand as one of the great cinematic combats", while Adam's design efforts on ''Goldfinger'' were "luxuriantly baroque" and have resulted in the film being called "one of his finest pieces of work".

Writing

Richard Maibaum, who co-wrote the previous films, returned to adapt the seventh Bond novel. Maibaum fixed the novel's heavily criticised plot hole, where Goldfinger actually attempts to empty Fort Knox. In the film, Bond notes it would take twelve days for Goldfinger to steal the gold, before the villain reveals he actually intends to irradiate it with the then-topical concept of a Red Chinese atomic bomb. However, Harry Saltzman disliked the first draft as being "too American", and brought in Paul Dehn to revise it. Hamilton said Dehn "brought out the British side of things". Connery disliked his draft, so Maibaum returned. Dehn also suggested the pre-credit sequence be an action scene with no relevance to the actual plot. Maibaum, however, based the pre-credit sequence on the opening scene of the novel, where Bond is waiting at Miami Airport contemplating his recent killing of a Latin American drug smuggler. Wolf Mankowitz, an un-credited screenwriter on ''Dr. No'', suggested the scene where Oddjob puts his car into a car crusher to dispose of Mr. Solo's body. Because of the quality of work of Maibaum and Dehn, the script and outline for ''Goldfinger'' became the blueprint for future Bond films.

Filming

Principal photography commenced on 20 January 1964 in Miami Beach, Florida, at the Fontainebleau Hotel; the crew was small, consisting only of Hamilton, Broccoli, Adam and cinematographer Ted Moore. Connery never travelled to Florida to film because he was shooting ''Marnie'' elsewhere in the United States. On the DVD audio commentary, director Hamilton states that other than Linder, who played Felix Leiter, none of the main actors in the Miami sequence were actually there. Connery, Fröbe, Eaton, Nolan, who played Dink, and Willis, who played Goldfinger's card victim, all filmed their parts on a soundstage at Pinewood Studios when filming moved. Miami also served as location to the scenes involving Leiter's pursuit of Oddjob. Goldfinger Ultimate Edition, Disk 2

After five days in the US, production returned to England. The primary location was Pinewood Studios, home to, among other sets, a recreation of the Fontainebleau, the South American city of the pre-title sequence and both Goldfinger's estate and factory. Three places near the studio were used: Black Park for the car chase involving Bond's Aston Martin and Goldfinger's henchmen inside the factory complex, RAF Northolt for the American airports and Stoke Park Club for the golf club scene.

The end of the chase, when Bond's Aston Martin crashes into a wall because of the mirror, as well as the chase immediately preceding it, were filmed on the road at the rear of Pinewood Studios Sound Stages A and E and the Prop Store. The road is now called Goldfinger Avenue. London Southend Airport was used for the scene where Goldfinger flies to Switzerland. Ian Fleming visited the set of ''Goldfinger'' in April 1964; he died a few months later in August 1964, shortly before the film's release. The second unit filmed in Kentucky, and these shots were edited into scenes filmed at Pinewood.

Principal photography then moved to Switzerland, with the car chase being filmed at the small curved roads near Realp, the exterior of the Pilatus Aircraft factory in Stans serving as Goldfinger's factory, and Tilly Masterson's attempt to snipe Goldfinger being shot in the Furka Pass. Filming wrapped on 11 July at Andermatt, after nineteen weeks of shooting. Just three weeks prior to the film's release, Hamilton and a small team, which included Broccoli's stepson and future producer Michael G. Wilson as assistant director, went for last-minute shoots in Kentucky. Extra people were hired for post-production issues such as dubbing so the film could be finished in time.

Broccoli earned permission to film in the Fort Knox area with the help of his friend, Lt. Colonel Charles Russhon. Goldfinger Ultimate Edition, Disk 1 To shoot Pussy Galore's Flying Circus gassing the soldiers, the pilots were only allowed to fly above 3,000 feet. Hamilton recalled this was "hopeless", so they flew at about 500 feet, and "the military went absolutely ape". The scenes of people fainting involved the same set of soldiers moving to different locations.

For security reasons, filming and photography were not allowed near or inside the United States Bullion Depository. All sets for the interiors of the building were designed and built from scratch at Pinewood Studios. The filmmakers had no clue as to what the interior of the depository looked like, so Ken Adam's imagination provided the idea of stacks of gold ingots behind iron bars. Adam later told ''The Guardian'' that "no one was allowed in Fort Knox but because roducerCubby Broccoli had some good connections and the Kennedys loved Ian Fleming's books I was allowed to fly over it once. It was quite frightening – they had machine guns on the roof. I was also allowed to drive around the perimeter but if you got out of the car there was a loudspeaker warning you to keep away. There was not a chance of going in it, and I was delighted because I knew from going to the Bank of England vaults that gold isn't stacked very high and it's all underwhelming. It gave me the chance to show the biggest gold repository in the world as I imagined it, with gold going up to heaven. I came up with this cathedral-type design. I had a big job to persuade Cubby and the director Guy Hamilton at first."

Saltzman disliked the design's resemblance to a prison, but Hamilton liked it enough that it was built. The comptroller of Fort Knox later sent a letter to Adam and the production team, complimenting them on their imaginative depiction of the vault. United Artists even had irate letters from people wondering "how could a British film unit be allowed inside Fort Knox?" Adam recalled, "In the end I was pleased that I wasn't allowed into Fort Knox, because it allowed me to do whatever I wanted." In fact, the set was deemed so realistic that Pinewood Studios had to post a 24-hour guard to keep the gold bar props from being stolen. Another element which was original was the atomic device, for which Hamilton requested the special effects crew get inventive instead of realistic. Technician Bert Luxford described the result as looking like an "engineering work", with a spinning engine, a chronometer and other decorative pieces. Goldfinger Ultimate Edition, Disk 1

Effects

"Before 'Goldfinger'' gadgets were not really a part of Bond's world," Hamilton remarked. Production designer Ken Adam chose the DB5 because it was the latest version of the Aston Martin (in the novel Bond drove a DB Mark III, which he considered England's most sophisticated car). The company was initially reluctant, but was finally convinced to make a product placement deal. In the script, the car was armed only with a smoke screen, but every crew member began suggesting gadgets to install in it: Hamilton conceived the revolving number plate because he had been getting many parking tickets, while his stepson suggested the ejector seat (which he saw on television). A gadget near the lights that would drop sharp nails was replaced with an oil dispenser because the producers thought the original could be easily copied by viewers. Adam and engineer John Stears overhauled the prototype of the Aston Martin DB5 coupe, installing these and other features into a car over six weeks. The scene where the DB5 crashes was filmed twice, with the second take being used in the film. The first take, in which the car drives through the fake wall, can be seen in the trailer. Two of the gadgets were not installed in the car: the wheel-destroying spikes, inspired by ''Ben-Hur''s scythed chariots, were entirely made in-studio; and the ejector seat used a seat thrown by compressed air, with a dummy sitting atop it. Another car without the gadgets was created, which was eventually furnished for publicity purposes. It was reused for '' Thunderball''.

Lasers did not exist in 1959 when the book was written, nor did high-power industrial lasers at the time the film was made, making them a novelty. In the novel, Goldfinger uses a circular saw to try to kill Bond, but the filmmakers changed it to a laser to make the film feel fresher. Hamilton immediately thought of giving the laser a place in the film's story as Goldfinger's weapon of choice. Ken Adam was advised on the laser's design by two Harvard scientists who helped design the water reactor in ''Dr No''. The laser beam itself was an optical effect added in post-production. For close-ups where the flame cuts through metal, technician Bert Luxford heated the metal with a blowtorch from underneath the table to which Bond was strapped.

The model jet used for wide shots of Goldfinger's Lockheed JetStar was painted differently on the right side to be used as the presidential plane that crashes at the film's end. Several cars were provided by the Ford Motor Company including a Mustang that Tilly Masterson drives, a Ford Country Squire station wagon used to transport Bond from the airport to the stud ranch, a Ford Thunderbird driven by Felix Leiter, and a Lincoln Continental in which Oddjob kills Solo. The Continental had its engine removed before being placed in a car crusher, and the destroyed car had to be partially cut so that the bed of the Ford Falcon Ranchero in which it was deposited could support the weight.

Opening sequence

The opening credit sequence was designed by graphic artist Robert Brownjohn, featuring clips of all James Bond films thus far projected on Margaret Nolan's body. Its design was inspired by seeing light projecting on people's bodies as they got up and left a cinema.

Visually, the film uses many golden motifs, reflecting the novel's treatment of Goldfinger's obsession with the metal. All of Goldfinger's female henchwomen in the film except his private jet's co-pilot (black hair) and stewardess (who is Korean) are red-blonde, or blonde, including Pussy Galore and her Flying Circus crew (both the characters Tilly Masterson and Pussy specifically have black hair in the novel). Goldfinger has a yellow-painted Rolls-Royce with number plate "AU 1" (''Au'' being the chemical symbol for gold), and also sports yellow or golden items or clothing in every film scene, including a golden pistol, when disguised as a colonel. Jill Masterson is famously killed by being painted with gold, which according to Bond causes her to die of "skin suffocation". (While this is an entirely fictional cause of death, the iconic scene caused much of the public to accept it as a medical fact; an urban legend circulated that the scene was inspired by a Swiss model who accidentally died the same way while preparing for a photo shoot.) Bond is bound to a cutting bench with a sheet of gold on it (as Goldfinger points out to him) before nearly being lasered. Goldfinger's factory henchmen in the film wear yellow sashes, Pussy Galore twice wears a metallic gold vest, and Pussy's pilots all wear yellow sunburst insignia on their uniforms. Goldfinger's Jetstar hostess, Mei-Lei, wears a golden bodice and gold-accented sarong. The concept of the recurring gold theme running through the film was a design aspect conceived and executed by Ken Adam and art director Peter Murton.

Music

Since the release date for the film had been pre-determined and filming had finished close to that date, John Barry scored some sequences to rough, non-final versions of the sequences. Barry described his work in ''Goldfinger'' as a favourite of his, saying it was "the first time I had complete control, writing the score and the song". The musical tracks, in keeping with the film's theme of gold and metal, make heavy use of brass, and also metallic chimes. The film's score is described as "brassy and raunchy" with "a sassy sexiness to it".

''Goldfinger'' began the tradition of Bond theme songs introduced over the opening title sequence, the style of the song from the pop genre and using popular artists. (Although the title song, sung by Matt Monro, in ''From Russia with Love'' was introduced in a few phrases on Bond's first appearance, a full rendition on the soundtrack only commenced for the final scene on the waters at Venice and through the following end titles.) Shirley Bassey established the opening title tradition giving her distinguished style to " Goldfinger", and would sing the theme songs for two future Bond films, '' Diamonds are Forever'' and '' Moonraker''. The song ''Goldfinger'' was composed by John Barry, with lyrics by Anthony Newley and Leslie Bricusse. The track features a young Jimmy Page, who was doing many sessions at the time. The lyrics were described in one contemporary newspaper as "puerile", but what remained undisturbed was the Shirley Bassey interpretation world impact. Like the score, the arrangement makes heavy use of brass, meeting well Miss Bassey's signature belting, and incorporates the Bond theme from '' Dr. No''. Newley recorded the early versions, which were even considered for inclusion in the film. The soundtrack album topped the ''Billboard'' 200 chart, and reached 14th place in the UK Albums Chart. The single for "Goldfinger" was also successful, reaching 8th in the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 and 21st in the UK charts.

Release and reception

''Goldfinger'' premiered at the Odeon Leicester Square in London on 17 September 1964, with general release in the United Kingdom the following day. Leicester Square was packed with sightseers and fans and police were unable to control the crowd. A set of glass doors to the cinema was accidentally broken and the premiere was shown ten minutes late because of the confusion. The United States premiere occurred on 21 December 1964, at the DeMille Theatre in New York. The film opened in 64 cinemas across 41 cities and eventually peaked at 485 screens. ''Goldfinger'' was temporarily banned in Israel because of Gert Fröbe's connections with the Nazi Party. The ban, however, was lifted after several months when a Jewish family publicly thanked Fröbe for protecting them from persecution during World War II. Goldfinger Ultimate Edition, Disk 1

Promotion

The film's marketing campaign began as soon as filming started in Florida, with Eon allowing photographers to enter the set to take pictures of Shirley Eaton painted in gold. Robert Brownjohn, who designed the opening credits, was responsible for the posters for the advertising campaign, which also used actress Margaret Nolan. To promote the film, the two Aston Martin DB5s were showcased at the 1964 New York World's Fair and it was dubbed "the most famous car in the world"; consequently, sales of the car rose. Corgi Toys clothing, dress shoes, action figures, board games, jigsaw puzzles, lunch boxes, toys, record albums, trading cards and slot cars.

Critical response

Derek Prouse of ''The Sunday Times'' said of ''Goldfinger'' that it was "superbly engineered. It is fast, it is most entertainingly preposterous and it is exciting."

The reviewer from ''The Times'' said "All the devices are infinitely sophisticated, and so is the film: the tradition of self-mockery continues, though at times it over-reaches itself", also saying that "It is the mixture as before, only more so: it is superb hokum." Connery's acting efforts were overlooked by this reviewer, who did say: "There is some excellent bit-part playing by Mr. Bernard Lee and Mr. Harold Sakata: Mr. Gert Fröbe is astonishingly well cast in the difficult part of Goldfinger." Donald Zec, writing for the ''Daily Mirror'', said of the film that "Ken Adam's set designs are brilliant; the direction of Guy Hamilton tautly exciting; Connery is better than ever, and the titles superimposed on the gleaming body of the girl in gold are inspired."

Penelope Gilliatt, writing in ''The Observer'', said that the film had "a spoofing callousness" and that it was "absurd, funny and vile". ''The Guardian'' said that ''Goldfinger'' was "two hours of unmissable fantasy", also saying that the film was "the most exciting, the most extravagant of the Bond films: garbage from the gods", adding that Connery was "better than ever as Bond". Alan Dent, writing for ''The Illustrated London News'', thought ''Goldfinger'' "even tenser, louder, wittier, more ingenious and more impossible than ''From Russia with Love''... brilliant farrago", adding that Connery "is ineffable".

Philip Oakes of ''The Sunday Telegraph'' said that the film was "dazzling in its technical ingenuity", while ''Time'' said that "this picture is a thriller exuberantly travestied." Bosley Crowther, writing in ''The New York Times'', was less enthusiastic about the film, saying that it was "tediously apparent" that Bond was becoming increasingly reliant on gadgets with less emphasis on "the lush temptations of voluptuous females", although he did admit that "Connery plays the hero with an insultingly cool, commanding air." He saved his praises for other actors in the film, saying that "Gert Fröbe is aptly fat and feral as the villainous financier, and Honor Blackman is forbiddingly frigid and flashy as the latter's aeronautical accomplice."

In ''Guide for the Film Fanatic'', Danny Peary wrote that ''Goldfinger'' is "the best of the James Bond films starring Sean Connery ... There's lots of humor, gimmicks, excitement, an amusing yet tense golf contest between Bond and Goldfinger, thrilling fights to the death between Bond and Oddjob and Bond and Goldfinger, and a fascinating central crime ... Most enjoyable, but too bad Eaton's part isn't longer and that Fröbe's Goldfinger, a heavy but nimble intellectual in the Sydney Greenstreet tradition, never appeared in another Bond film." Roger Ebert of the ''Chicago Sun-Times'' declared this to be his favourite Bond film and later added it to his "Great Movies" list.

The film review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gives a 99% rating and an average score of 8.7/10 based on 74 reviews. The website's consensus reads, "''Goldfinger'' is where James Bond as we know him comes into focus – it features one of 007's most famous lines ('A martini. Shaken, not stirred') and a wide range of gadgets that would become the series' trademark". ''Goldfinger'' is the highest-rated Bond film on the site.

In 2024, Far Out Magazine named Sean Connery's James Bond one of the "10 most accurate movie psychopaths according to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, FBI".

Box office

''Goldfinger''s $3 million budget was recouped in two weeks, and it broke box office records around the world. Demand for the film was so high that the DeMille cinema in New York City had to stay open twenty-four hours a day. The ''Guinness Book of World Records'' went on to list ''Goldfinger'' as the fastest grossing film of all time with a gross of $10.3 million in 14 weeks in the United States. The film closed its original box office run with $23 million in the United States and $46 million worldwide.. "Produced at a budget of $3 million, ''Goldfinger'' grossed a phenomenal $46 million worldwide the first time around." After reissues, the first being a double feature with ''Dr. No'' in 1966, ''Goldfinger'' grossed a total of $51,081,062 in the United States and $73,800,000 elsewhere, for a total worldwide gross of $124,900,000.

The film distributor Park Circus (film distributor), Park Circus re-released ''Goldfinger'' in the UK on 27 July 2007 at 150 multiplex cinemas, on digital prints. The re-release put the film twelfth at the weekly box office. ''Goldfinger'' again received a re-release in November 2020 in the wake of Connery's death.

Television

''Goldfinger'' was the first James Bond movie to premiere on the ABC Television Network in the United States, which would go on to have a nearly two decade relationship with the film series. The initial September 17, 1972 airing of ''Goldfinger'' on ''The ABC Sunday Night Movie'' garnered a Nielsen Media Research household television rating of 34.0 and a share of 52, ranking number two for the week behind only ''Marcus Welby, M.D.'' airing on the same network. The premiere was sponsored by Chevrolet and included several of its new models for 1973, even though the movie itself featured several cars from the Ford Motor Company.

Awards and nominations

At the 37th Academy Awards, 1965 Academy Awards, Norman Wanstall won the Academy Award for Academy Award for Best Sound Editing, Best Sound Effects Editing, making ''Goldfinger'' the first Bond film to receive an Academy Award. John Barry was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media, Grammy Award for Best Score for a Motion Picture, and Ken Adam was nominated for the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) for Best British Art Direction (Colour), where he also won the award for Best British Art Direction (Black and White) for ''Dr. Strangelove''. The American Film Institute has honoured the film four times: ranking it No. 90 for AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes, best movie quote ("A martini. Shaken, not stirred"), No. 53 for AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs, best song ("Goldfinger"), No. 49 for AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains, best villain (Auric Goldfinger), and No. 71 for AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills, most thrilling film. In 2006, ''Entertainment Weekly'' and IGN both named ''Goldfinger'' as the best Bond film, while MSN named it as the second best, behind its predecessor. IGN and ''EW'' also named Pussy Galore as the second best Bond girl. In 2008, ''Total Film'' named ''Goldfinger'' as the best film in the series. ''The Times'' placed Goldfinger and Oddjob second and third on their list of the best Bond villains in 2008. They also named the Aston Martin DB5 as the best car in the films.

Home media

Goldfinger was first issued as a home video release in May 1981 alongside 10 other Bond titles, for RCA's short-lived Capacitance Electronic Disc. It would receive a much wider release on VHS in June of 1982. Further releases on formats such as Betamax and LaserDisc ensued throughout the 1980s, before a remastered edition was issued on VHS and LaserDisc in July 1992, the latter as part of the Criterion Collection.

The film was released in 1994 in the US and Europe on Video CD. It was first released on DVD in the US in 1997 by MGM Home Entertainment and in Europe in 2000. 2006 saw the release of the 'Ultimate Edition' DVD, whose video was sourced from a newly scanned 4K master of the original film. In 2008, ''Goldfinger'' was made available on Blu-ray Disc.
In 2025, ''Goldfinger'' was released on 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray as part of the 'James Bond: Sean Connery 6-Film Collection' box-set.

Impact and legacy

''Goldfinger''s script became a template for subsequent Bond films. It was the first of the series showing Bond relying heavily on technology, as well as the first to show a pre-credits sequence with only a tangential link to the main story—in this case allowing Bond to get to Miami after a mission. Also introduced for the first of many appearances is the briefing in Q-branch, allowing the viewer to see the gadgets in development. The subsequent films in the Bond series follow most of ''Goldfinger''s basic structure, featuring a henchman with a particular characteristic, a Bond girl who is killed by the villain, big emphasis on the gadgets and a more tongue-in-cheek approach, though trying to balance action and comedy.

''Goldfinger'' has been described as perhaps "the most highly and consistently praised Bond picture of them all" and after ''Goldfinger'', Bond "became a true phenomenon." The success of the film led to the emergence of many other works in the espionage genre and parodies of James Bond, such as the Beatles film ''Help! (film), Help!'' in 1965 and a spoof of Ian Fleming's Casino Royale (novel), first Bond novel, ''Casino Royale (1967 film), Casino Royale'', in 1967. Indeed, it has been said that ''Goldfinger'' was the cause of the boom in espionage films in the 1960s, so much so that in "1966, moviegoers were offered no less than 22 examples of secret agent entertainment, including several blatant attempts to begin competing series, with James Coburn starring as Derek Flint in the film ''Our Man Flint'' and Dean Martin as ''Matt Helm''".

Even within the Bond canon, ''Goldfinger'' is acknowledged; the 22nd Bond film, ''Quantum of Solace'', includes an homage to the gold body paint death scene by having a female character dead on a bed nude, covered in crude oil. The DB 5 became perhaps the most iconic Bond vehicle, used again in Thunderball and brought back again multiple times in both the Brosnan and Craig films. Outside the Bond films, elements of ''Goldfinger'', such as Oddjob and his use of his hat as a weapon, Bond removing his drysuit to reveal a tuxedo underneath, and the laser scene have been homaged or spoofed in works such as ''True Lies'', ''The Simpsons'', and the Austin Powers (film series), ''Austin Powers'' series. The US television programme ''MythBusters'' explored many scenarios seen in the film, such as the explosive depressurisation in a plane at high altitudes, the death by full body painting, an ejector seat in a car and using a tuxedo under a drysuit.

The success of the film led to Ian Fleming's Bond novels receiving an increase of popularity and nearly 6 million books were sold in the United Kingdom in 1964, including 964,000 copies of ''Goldfinger'' alone. Between the years 1962 to 1967 a total of 22,792,000 Bond novels were sold.

The 2012 video game ''007 Legends'' features a level based on ''Goldfinger''.

Accolades

American Film Institute lists
* AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills: #71
* AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains:
** Auric Goldfinger: #49 Villain
* AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes:
** "A Martini. Shaken, not stirred.": #90
* AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs:
** " Goldfinger": #53
* AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) – Nominated

See also

* Outline of James Bond
* BFI Top 100 British films
* ''Austin Powers in Goldmember'', a satire of ''Goldfinger''.

Notes

References

Sources

*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

External links

*
*
*
*
*
*
*

{{DEFAULTSORT:Goldfinger
1964 action films
1960s British films
1960s English-language films
1960s spy thriller films
1964 films
Articles containing video clips
British films about revenge
British sequel films
Censored films
Cold War spy films
Eon Productions films
Films about nuclear war and weapons
Films about the illegal drug trade
Films directed by Guy Hamilton
Films produced by Albert R. Broccoli
Films produced by Harry Saltzman
Films scored by John Barry (composer)
Films set in Florida
Films set in Kent
Films set in Kentucky
Films set in London
Films set in Switzerland
Films set in Newfoundland and Labrador
Films shot at Pinewood Studios
Films shot in Florida
Films shot in Kentucky
Films shot in London
Films shot in Switzerland
Films that won the Best Sound Editing Academy Award
Films with screenplays by Berkely Mather
Films with screenplays by Johanna Harwood
Films with screenplays by Paul Dehn
Films with screenplays by Richard Maibaum
Fort Knox
Goldfinger (film)
James Bond films
United Artists films
English-language action adventure films
English-language thriller films