The Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR, russian: Объединённый институт ядерных исследований, ОИЯИ), in
Dubna
Dubna ( rus, Дубна́, p=dʊbˈna) is a town in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It has a status of ''naukograd'' (i.e. town of science), being home to the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, an international nuclear physics research center and one o ...
,
Moscow Oblast
Moscow Oblast ( rus, Моско́вская о́бласть, r=Moskovskaya oblast', p=mɐˈskofskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ), or Podmoskovye ( rus, Подмоско́вье, p=pədmɐˈskovʲjə, literally "under Moscow"), is a federal subject of Rus ...
(110 km north of
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
),
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
, is an international research center for nuclear sciences, with 5500 staff members including 1200 researchers holding over 1000
Ph.D
A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, Ph.D., or DPhil; Latin: or ') is the most common Academic degree, degree at the highest academic level awarded following a course of study. PhDs are awarded for programs across the whole breadth of academic fields ...
s from eighteen countries. Most scientists, however, are eminent
Russian scientists Polymaths
*Karl Ernst von Baer, polymath naturalist, formulated the geological Baer's law on river erosion and embryological Baer's laws, founder of the Russian Entomological Society, co-founder of the Russian Geographical Society
*Alexander B ...
.
The institute has seven laboratories, each with its own specialisation:
theoretical physics
Theoretical physics is a branch of physics that employs mathematical models and abstractions of physical objects and systems to rationalize, explain and predict natural phenomena. This is in contrast to experimental physics, which uses experim ...
heavy ion
High-energy nuclear physics studies the behavior of nuclear matter in energy regimes typical of high-energy physics. The primary focus of this field is the study of heavy-ion collisions, as compared to lighter atoms in other particle accelerato ...
neutron
The neutron is a subatomic particle, symbol or , which has a neutral (not positive or negative) charge, and a mass slightly greater than that of a proton. Protons and neutrons constitute the nuclei of atoms. Since protons and neutrons beh ...
physics, and
information technology
Information technology (IT) is the use of computers to create, process, store, retrieve, and exchange all kinds of data . and information. IT forms part of information and communications technology (ICT). An information technology system (I ...
. The institute has a division to study radiation and
radiobiological
Radiobiology (also known as radiation biology, and uncommonly as actinobiology) is a field of clinical and basic medical sciences that involves the study of the action of ionizing radiation on living things, especially health effects of radiation. ...
research and other ad hoc experimental physics experiments.
Principal research instruments include a nuclotron superconductive particle accelerator (particle
energy
In physics, energy (from Ancient Greek: ἐνέργεια, ''enérgeia'', “activity”) is the quantitative property that is transferred to a body or to a physical system, recognizable in the performance of work and in the form of heat a ...
: 7
GeV GEV may refer to:
* ''G.E.V.'' (board game), a tabletop game by Steve Jackson Games
* Ashe County Airport, in North Carolina, United States
* Gällivare Lapland Airport, in Sweden
* Generalized extreme value distribution
* Gev Sella, Israeli-Sou ...
), three isochronous cyclotrons (120, 145, 650 MeV), a phasitron (680 MeV) and a
synchrophasotron
The Synchrophasotron was a synchrotron-based particle accelerator for protons at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna that was operational from 1957 to 2003. It was designed and constructed under supervision of Vladimir Veksler, who ha ...
(4 GeV). The site has a
neutron
The neutron is a subatomic particle, symbol or , which has a neutral (not positive or negative) charge, and a mass slightly greater than that of a proton. Protons and neutrons constitute the nuclei of atoms. Since protons and neutrons beh ...
The Joint Institute for Nuclear Research was established on the basis of an agreement signed on March 26, 1956, in
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
by representatives of the governments of the eleven founding countries, with a view to combining their scientific and material potential. The USSR contributed 50 percent, the People's Republic of China 20 percent. On February 1, 1957, JINR was registered by the
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...
. The institute is located in
Dubna
Dubna ( rus, Дубна́, p=dʊbˈna) is a town in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It has a status of ''naukograd'' (i.e. town of science), being home to the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, an international nuclear physics research center and one o ...
, 120 km north of Moscow.
At the time of the creation of JINR, the Institute of Nuclear Problems (INP) of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR already existed at the site of the future Dubna since the late 1940s, and it launched a program of fundamental and applied research at the
synchrocyclotron
A synchrocyclotron is a special type of cyclotron, patented by Edwin McMillan in 1952, in which the frequency of the driving RF electric field is varied to compensate for relativistic effects as the particles' velocity begins to approach the spe ...
. The Electrophysics Laboratory of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (EFLAN) was established, and under the guidance of Academician
Vladimir Veksler
Vladimir Iosifovich Veksler (russian: Владимир Иосифович Векслер; ; March 4, 1907 – September 22, 1966) was a prominent Soviet experimental physicist.
Biography
Veksler was born in Zhitomir on March 4, 1907 in the ...
, work began to create a new accelerator – a proton synchrophasotron – with a record energy of 10 GeV at that time.
By the mid-1950s, there was a worldwide consensus that nuclear science should be accessible and that only broad cooperation could ensure the progressive development of this research, as well as the peaceful use of atomic energy. Thus, in 1954, near
Geneva
Geneva ( ; french: Genève ) frp, Genèva ; german: link=no, Genf ; it, Ginevra ; rm, Genevra is the List of cities in Switzerland, second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and the most populous city of Romandy, the French-speaki ...
, CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) was established. At about the same time, the countries that belonged to the socialist community decided to establish a Joint Institute for Nuclear Research on the basis of the INP and EFLAN.
The first director of the United Institute was Professor D. I. Blokhintsev, who just completed the creation of
Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant
Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant (russian: Обнинская АЭС, Obninskaja AES; ) was built in the "Science City" of Obninsk,Obninsk. The first vice-directors of JINR were professors
Marian Danysz
Marian Danysz (March 17, 1909 – February 9, 1983) was a Polish physicist, Professor of Physics at Warsaw University.
Son of Jan Kazimierz Danysz. In 1952, he co-discovered with Jerzy Pniewski a new kind of matter, an atomic nucleus, which ...
(Poland) and V. Votruba (Czechoslovakia).
The history of the formation of the JINR is associated with the names of prominent scientists and Professors. The following list provides some of the names of prominent Scientists.
* Nikolay Bogolyubov
*
Lajos Jánossy
Lajos Jánossy (2 March 1912, Budapest – 2 March 1978, Budapest) was a Hungarian people, Hungarian physicist, astrophysicist and mathematician and a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. His primary research fields were astrophysics, nu ...
*
Leopold Infeld
Leopold Infeld (20 August 1898 – 15 January 1968) was a Polish physicist who worked mainly in Poland and Canada (1938–1950). He was a Rockefeller fellow at Cambridge University (1933–1934) and a member of the Polish Academy of Sciences.
Ea ...
*
Igor Kurchatov
Igor Vasil'evich Kurchatov (russian: Игорь Васильевич Курчатов; 12 January 1903 – 7 February 1960), was a Soviet physicist who played a central role in organizing and directing the former Soviet program of nuclear weapo ...
*
Heinz Pose
Rudolf Heinz Pose (10 April 1905 – 13 November 1975) was a German nuclear physicist who worked in the Soviet atomic bomb project.
He did pioneering work which contributed to the understanding nuclear energy levels. He worked on the German nu ...
* G. Nevodnichansky
* AM Petrosyants
* E. Slavsky
*
Heinz Barwich
Heinz Barwich (22 July 1911 – 10 April 1966) was a German nuclear physicist. He was deputy director of the Siemens Research Laboratory II in Berlin. At the close of World War II, he followed the decision of Gustav Hertz, to go to the S ...
Alexander Baldin Aleksandr Mikhailovich Baldin (Russian: Александр Михайлович Балдин) (February 26, 1926, Moscow – April 29, 2001) was a Soviet and Russian physicist, expert in the field of physics of elementary particles and high energy p ...
*
Wang Ganchang
Wang Ganchang (; May 28, 1907 – December 10, 1998) was a Chinese nuclear physicist. He was one of the founding fathers of Chinese nuclear physics, cosmic rays and particle physics. Wang was also a leader in the fields of detonation physic ...
*
Vladimir Veksler
Vladimir Iosifovich Veksler (russian: Владимир Иосифович Векслер; ; March 4, 1907 – September 22, 1966) was a prominent Soviet experimental physicist.
Biography
Veksler was born in Zhitomir on March 4, 1907 in the ...
*
Nikolay Govorun
Nikolay Nikolayevich Govorun (1930–1989) was a Soviet mathematician known best for his contributions to computational mathematics
Computational mathematics is an area of mathematics devoted to the interaction between mathematics and computer ...
Jaroslav Kožešník
Jaroslav Kožešník (8 June 1907 in Kněžice (Jihlava District), Kněžice – 26 June 1985 in Prague) was a Czech and Czechoslovak scientist, mathematician, an expert in mechanics and automation (cybernetics), chairman of the Czechoslovak Academ ...
Jaroslav Kožešník
Jaroslav Kožešník (8 June 1907 in Kněžice (Jihlava District), Kněžice – 26 June 1985 in Prague) was a Czech and Czechoslovak scientist, mathematician, an expert in mechanics and automation (cybernetics), chairman of the Czechoslovak Academ ...
Moisey Markov Moisey Alexandrovich Markov (russian: Моисей Александрович Марков; 13 May 1908 Rasskazovo, Tambov Governorate, Russian Empire - 1 November 1994, Moscow, Russia) was a Soviet physicist-theorist who mostly worked in the area ...
Georgi Nadjakov
Georgi Nadjakov (also spelled Georgi Nadzhakov) ( bg, Георги Наджаков) (26 December 1896 – 24 February 1981) was a Bulgarian physicist. He became a corresponding member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences (1940) in Germany, memb ...
*
Nguyen Van Hieu
Nguyễn () is the most common Vietnamese surname. Outside of Vietnam, the surname is commonly rendered without diacritics as Nguyen. Nguyên (元）is a different word and surname.
By some estimates 39 percent of Vietnamese people bear this su ...
Yuri Oganessian
Yuri Tsolakovich Oganessian (russian: Юрий Цолакович Оганесян ; ''Yuri Ts'olaki Hovhannisyan'' . Oganessian is the Russified version of the Armenian last name Hovhannisyan. The article on Oganessian in the ''Armenian Soviet ...
Heinz Pose
Rudolf Heinz Pose (10 April 1905 – 13 November 1975) was a German nuclear physicist who worked in the Soviet atomic bomb project.
He did pioneering work which contributed to the understanding nuclear energy levels. He worked on the German nu ...
*
Bruno Pontecorvo
Bruno Pontecorvo (; russian: Бру́но Макси́мович Понтеко́рво, ''Bruno Maksimovich Pontecorvo''; 22 August 1913 – 24 September 1993) was an Italian and Soviet nuclear physicist, an early assistant of Enrico Fermi an ...
Albert Tavkhelidze Albert Nikiforovich Tavkhelidze (russian: Альберт Никифорович Тавхелидзе, ka, ალბერტ ნიკიფორეს ძე თავხელიძე; 16 December 1930 27 February 2010) was President of the Ge ...
* I. Todorov
* I. Ulegla
* I. Ursu
*
Georgy Flyorov
Georgii Nikolayevich Flyorov (also spelled Flerov, rus, Гео́ргий Никола́евич Флёров, p=gʲɪˈorgʲɪj nʲɪkɐˈlajɪvʲɪtɕ ˈflʲɵrəf; 2 March 1913 – 19 November 1990) was a Soviet physicist who is known for h ...
*
Ilya Frank
Ilya Mikhailovich Frank (russian: Илья́ Миха́йлович Франк; 23 October 1908 – 22 June 1990) was a Soviet winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1958 jointly with Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov and Igor Y. Tamm, also of the ...
* H. Hristov
*
Andrzej Hrynkiewicz
Andrzej is the Polish form of the given name Andrew.
Notable individuals with the given name Andrzej
* Andrzej Bartkowiak (born 1950), Polish film director and cinematographer
* Andrzej Bobola, S.J. (1591–1657), Polish saint, missionary and m ...
Dmitry Shirkov
Dmitry Vasil'evich Shirkov (russian: Дми́трий Васи́льевич Ширко́в; 3 March 1928 – 23 January 2016) was a Russian theoretical physicist, known for his contribution to quantum field theory and to the development of the r ...
* D. Ebert
*
Heinz Barwich
Heinz Barwich (22 July 1911 – 10 April 1966) was a German nuclear physicist. He was deputy director of the Siemens Research Laboratory II in Berlin. At the close of World War II, he followed the decision of Gustav Hertz, to go to the S ...
* E. Yanik (Polish: Jerzy Janik)
Cooperation
The JINR cooperates with many organizations. One of the main organizations with which JINR cooperates is
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) aimed at promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture. It ...
; its collaboration with JINR started in 1997 in order to develop basic sciences and try to achieve sustainable development. Joint activities include training programmes and grant mechanisms for researchers in the basic science. This international scientific cooperation and knowledge sharing in key scientific fields is one of the main 2030 UNESCO goals, the achievement of Sustainable Development. The United Nations General Assembly and UNESCO General Conference named 2019 as The International Year of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements (IYPTE 2019); this reinforced the cooperation between this two organization. in addition, JINR is one of the observers of European Organization for Nuclear Research (
CERN
The European Organization for Nuclear Research, known as CERN (; ; ), is an intergovernmental organization that operates the largest particle physics laboratory in the world. Established in 1954, it is based in a northwestern suburb of Gene ...
).
The JINR members are 18 states:
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Associate members are:
*
*
*
*
*
*
Scientific collaboration with organizations including:
*
CERN
The European Organization for Nuclear Research, known as CERN (; ; ), is an intergovernmental organization that operates the largest particle physics laboratory in the world. Established in 1954, it is based in a northwestern suburb of Gene ...
– since 2014
*
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) aimed at promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture. It ...
University of Turin
The University of Turin (Italian: ''Università degli Studi di Torino'', UNITO) is a public research university in the city of Turin, in the Piedmont region of Italy. It is one of the oldest universities in Europe and continues to play an impo ...
(since 1999)
*
EPS
EPS, EPs or Eps may refer to:
Commerce and finance
* Earnings per share
* Electronic Payment Services, in Hong Kong, Macau, and Shenzhen, China
* Express Payment System, in the Philippines
Education
* Edmonton Public Schools, in Edmonton, Al ...
since 1990
Structure of research
The main fields of the institute's research are:
*
Theoretical physics
Theoretical physics is a branch of physics that employs mathematical models and abstractions of physical objects and systems to rationalize, explain and predict natural phenomena. This is in contrast to experimental physics, which uses experim ...
Heavy ion physics
High-energy nuclear physics studies the behavior of nuclear matter in energy regimes typical of high-energy physics. The primary focus of this field is the study of heavy-ion collisions, as compared to lighter atoms in other particle accelerator ...
*
Low
Low or LOW or lows, may refer to:
People
* Low (surname), listing people surnamed Low
Places
* Low, Quebec, Canada
* Low, Utah, United States
* Lo Wu station (MTR code LOW), Hong Kong; a rail station
* Salzburg Airport (ICAO airport code: LO ...
and
intermediate energy physics
Intermediate may refer to:
* Intermediate 1 or Intermediate 2, educational qualifications in Scotland
* Intermediate (anatomy), the relative location of an anatomical structure lying between two other structures: see Anatomical terms of location
...
*
Nuclear physics
Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions, in addition to the study of other forms of nuclear matter.
Nuclear physics should not be confused with atomic physics, which studies the ...
with
neutrons
The neutron is a subatomic particle, symbol or , which has a neutral (not positive or negative) charge, and a mass slightly greater than that of a proton. Protons and neutrons constitute the nuclei of atoms. Since protons and neutrons behave ...
*
Condensed matter physics
Condensed matter physics is the field of physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the sub ...
computing
Computing is any goal-oriented activity requiring, benefiting from, or creating computing machinery. It includes the study and experimentation of algorithmic processes, and development of both hardware and software. Computing has scientific, e ...
Educational programme An educational program is a program written by the institution or ministry of education which determines the learning progress of each subject in all the stages of formal education.
See also
* Philosophy of education
*Curriculum
In education ...
The JINR possess eight laboratories and University Centre.
, , The laboratory producing new elements
, -
, Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics (FLNP) , ,
Nuclear physics
Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions, in addition to the study of other forms of nuclear matter.
Nuclear physics should not be confused with atomic physics, which studies the ...
, IBR-2, IREN , , IBR-2 high-flux pulsed Fast-neutron reactor and together with IREN Facility are main Neutron source
, -
, Laboratory of Information Technologies (LIT) , ,
Theoretical physics
Theoretical physics is a branch of physics that employs mathematical models and abstractions of physical objects and systems to rationalize, explain and predict natural phenomena. This is in contrast to experimental physics, which uses experim ...
, HybriLIT , , Provision with the network, computing and information resources as well as mathematical support of experimental and theoretical studies
, -
, Laboratory of Radiation Biology (LRB) , ,
Radiation therapy
Radiation therapy or radiotherapy, often abbreviated RT, RTx, or XRT, is a therapy using ionizing radiation, generally provided as part of cancer treatment to control or kill malignant cells and normally delivered by a linear accelerator. Radia ...
The Superheavy Element Factory (SHE factory) at the JINR, opened in 2019, is a new experimental complex dedicated to superheavy element research. Its facilities enable a tenfold increase in beam intensity; such an increase in sensitivity enables the study of reactions with lower cross sections that would otherwise be inaccessible. Sergey Dmitriev, director of the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, believes that the SHE factory will enable closer examination of nuclei near the limits of stability, as well as experiments aimed at the synthesis of elements
119
119 may refer to:
* 119 (number), a natural number
* 119 (emergency telephone number)
* AD 119, a year in the 2nd century AD
* 119 BC, a year in the 2nd century BC
* 119 (album), 2012
* 119 (NCT song)
*119 (Show Me the Money song)
* 119 (film), a ...
More than 40 major achievements in particle physics have been made through experiments at JINR. Including
* 1957 - prediction of Neutrino oscillation in published on
JETP
The ''Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics'' (''JETP'') [russian: Журнал Экспериментальной и Теоретической Физики, italic=yes (''ЖЭТФ''), or ''Zhurnal Éksperimental'noĭ i Teoretichesko ...
by
Bruno Pontecorvo
Bruno Pontecorvo (; russian: Бру́но Макси́мович Понтеко́рво, ''Bruno Maksimovich Pontecorvo''; 22 August 1913 – 24 September 1993) was an Italian and Soviet nuclear physicist, an early assistant of Enrico Fermi an ...
* 1959 – nonradiative transitions in mesoatoms
* 1960 – antisigma-minus hyperon
* 1966 – element 102 ( nobelium)
* 1972 – postradiative regeneration of cells
* 1973 – quark counting rule
* 1975 – phenomenon of slow neutron confinement
* 1976 - element 107 (
bohrium
Bohrium is a synthetic chemical element with the symbol Bh and atomic number 107. It is named after Danish physicist Niels Bohr. As a synthetic element, it can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature. All known isotopes of bohriu ...
)
* 1988 – regularity of resonant formation of muonic molecules in deuterium
* 1999 - element 114 (
flerovium
Flerovium is a superheavy chemical element with symbol Fl and atomic number 114. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element. It is named after the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubn ...
)
* 2000 - element 116 ( livermorium)
* 2002 - element 118 ( oganesson)
* 2003 - element 115 ( moscovium) and element 113 (
nihonium
Nihonium is a synthetic chemical element with the symbol Nh and atomic number 113. It is extremely radioactive; its most stable known isotope, nihonium-286, has a half-life of about 10 seconds. In the periodic table, nihonium is a transactinid ...
)
* 2006 – chemical identification of element 112 ( copernicium)
* 2010 – successful synthesis of element 117 ( tennessine)
Prizes and awards
JINR has instituted awards to honour and encourage high-level research in the fields of physics and mathematics since 1961.
* The Bogolyubov Prize – The Bogoliubov Prize is an award offered to young researchers in
theoretical physics
Theoretical physics is a branch of physics that employs mathematical models and abstractions of physical objects and systems to rationalize, explain and predict natural phenomena. This is in contrast to experimental physics, which uses experim ...
.
* The Bogolyubov Prize – an international award to scientists with outstanding contribution to
theoretical physics
Theoretical physics is a branch of physics that employs mathematical models and abstractions of physical objects and systems to rationalize, explain and predict natural phenomena. This is in contrast to experimental physics, which uses experim ...
and
applied mathematics
Applied mathematics is the application of mathematical methods by different fields such as physics, engineering, medicine, biology, finance, business, computer science, and industry. Thus, applied mathematics is a combination of mathematical s ...
Wang Ganchang
Wang Ganchang (; May 28, 1907 – December 10, 1998) was a Chinese nuclear physicist. He was one of the founding fathers of Chinese nuclear physics, cosmic rays and particle physics. Wang was also a leader in the fields of detonation physic ...
, deputy director from 1958 to 1960 and the
Soviet
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
Professor
Vladimir Veksler
Vladimir Iosifovich Veksler (russian: Владимир Иосифович Векслер; ; March 4, 1907 – September 22, 1966) was a prominent Soviet experimental physicist.
Biography
Veksler was born in Zhitomir on March 4, 1907 in the ...
for the discovery of antisigma-minus hyperon. The experimental group led by Professor Wang Ganchang, analysed more than 40,000 photographs which recorded tens of thousands of nuclear interactions taken in the propane bubble chamber, produced by the 10
GeV GEV may refer to:
* ''G.E.V.'' (board game), a tabletop game by Steve Jackson Games
* Ashe County Airport, in North Carolina, United States
* Gällivare Lapland Airport, in Sweden
* Generalized extreme value distribution
* Gev Sella, Israeli-Sou ...
synchrophasotron
The Synchrophasotron was a synchrotron-based particle accelerator for protons at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna that was operational from 1957 to 2003. It was designed and constructed under supervision of Vladimir Veksler, who ha ...
used to bombard a target forming high energy mesons, was the first to discover the anti-sigma minus hyperon particles on March 9, 1959:
::
:The discovery of this new unstable antiparticle which decays in (1.18±0.07)·10−10s into an
antineutron
The antineutron is the antiparticle of the neutron with symbol . It differs from the neutron only in that some of its properties have equal magnitude but opposite sign. It has the same mass as the neutron, and no net electric charge, but has opp ...
and a negative pion was announced in September of that year:
::
:No-one doubted at the time that this particle was elementary, but a few years later, this
hyperon
In particle physics, a hyperon is any baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark. This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars. Hyperons are sometimes generically repr ...
, the
proton
A proton is a stable subatomic particle, symbol , H+, or 1H+ with a positive electric charge of +1 ''e'' elementary charge. Its mass is slightly less than that of a neutron and 1,836 times the mass of an electron (the proton–electron mass ...
, the
neutron
The neutron is a subatomic particle, symbol or , which has a neutral (not positive or negative) charge, and a mass slightly greater than that of a proton. Protons and neutrons constitute the nuclei of atoms. Since protons and neutrons beh ...
hadron
In particle physics, a hadron (; grc, ἁδρός, hadrós; "stout, thick") is a composite subatomic particle made of two or more quarks held together by the strong interaction. They are analogous to molecules that are held together by the ele ...
s had lost their status of
elementary particle
In particle physics, an elementary particle or fundamental particle is a subatomic particle that is not composed of other particles. Particles currently thought to be elementary include electrons, the fundamental fermions ( quarks, leptons, an ...
s as they turned out to be complex particles too consisting of
quark
A quark () is a type of elementary particle and a fundamental constituent of matter. Quarks combine to form composite particles called hadrons, the most stable of which are protons and neutrons, the components of atomic nuclei. All commonly o ...
s and
antiquark
A quark () is a type of elementary particle and a fundamental constituent of matter. Quarks combine to form composite particles called hadrons, the most stable of which are protons and neutrons, the components of atomic nuclei. All commonly o ...
s.
Directors
*
Dmitry Blokhintsev
Dmitri (russian: Дми́трий); Church Slavic form: Dimitry or Dimitri (); ancient Russian forms: D'mitriy or Dmitr ( or ) is a male given name common in Orthodox Christian culture, the Russian version of Greek Demetrios (Δημήτριο ...
Vladimir Kadyshevsky
Vladimir Kadyshevsky (5 May 1937 – 24 September 2014) was a Russian theoretical physicist.
Biography
Kadyshevsky was born on 5 May 1937 in Moscow. He studied at the Suvorov Military School in Sverdlovsk from 1946 to 1954, before entering the ...
(1992–2005)
*
Alexei Sisakian
Alexey, Alexei, Alexie, Aleksei, or Aleksey (russian: Алексе́й ; bg, Алексей ) is a Russian and Bulgarian male first name deriving from the Greek ''Aléxios'' (), meaning "Defender", and thus of the same origin as the Latin Ale ...
(2005–2010)
* Mikhail G. Itkis (May 2010–September 2011) ''ad interim''
* Victor A. Matveev (2012–2020)
*Grigory V. Trubnikov (2021 - )
Gallery
Wang Ganchang early 1950s.jpg,
Wang Ganchang
Wang Ganchang (; May 28, 1907 – December 10, 1998) was a Chinese nuclear physicist. He was one of the founding fathers of Chinese nuclear physics, cosmic rays and particle physics. Wang was also a leader in the fields of detonation physic ...
USSR 1976 4503 2692 0.jpg, Postage stamp of the USSR, 1976
RUSMARKA-1660.jpg,
Georgy Flyorov
Georgii Nikolayevich Flyorov (also spelled Flerov, rus, Гео́ргий Никола́евич Флёров, p=gʲɪˈorgʲɪj nʲɪkɐˈlajɪvʲɪtɕ ˈflʲɵrəf; 2 March 1913 – 19 November 1990) was a Soviet physicist who is known for h ...
, founder of JINR
Yuri Oganessian.jpg,
Yuri Oganessian
Yuri Tsolakovich Oganessian (russian: Юрий Цолакович Оганесян ; ''Yuri Ts'olaki Hovhannisyan'' . Oganessian is the Russified version of the Armenian last name Hovhannisyan. The article on Oganessian in the ''Armenian Soviet ...
RIAN archive 110291 Kozulin checking the experiment readiness of the supersensitive analyzer.jpg, Eduard Kozulin, head of group at the Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, checking the experiment readiness of the super sensitive analyzer of heavy atoms mass.
Г.Дубна,_Московская_обл.,_Россия._-_panoramio_-_Oleg_Yu.Novikov_(2).jpg, a picture of JINR members
Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics
The Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (BINP) is one of the major centres of advanced study of nuclear physics in Russia. It is located in the Siberian town Akademgorodok, on Academician Lavrentiev Avenue. The institute was founded by Gers ...
Bogolyubov Prize for young scientists
The Bogoliubov Prize for young scientists is an award offered to young researchers in theoretical physics by the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), an international intergovernmental organization located in Dubna, Russia. The award is is ...