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The crest of the ilium (or iliac crest) is the superior border of the
wing of ilium
The wing (ala) of ilium is the large expanded portion of the ilium (bone), ilium, the bone which bounds the greater pelvis laterally. It presents for examination two surfaces—an external and an internal—a crest, and two borders—an anterior ...
and the superolateral margin of the greater pelvis
The pelvic cavity is a body cavity that is bounded by the bones of the pelvis. Its oblique roof is the pelvic inlet (the superior opening of the pelvis). Its lower boundary is the pelvic floor.
The pelvic cavity primarily contains the reproduc ...
.
Structure
The iliac crest stretches posteriorly from theanterior superior iliac spine
The anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) is a bony projection of the iliac bone, and an important landmark of surface anatomy. It refers to the anterior extremity of the iliac crest of the pelvis. It provides attachment for the inguinal ligament, ...
(ASIS) to the posterior superior iliac spine
The posterior border of the ala of sacrum, shorter than the anterior, also presents two projections separated by a notch, the posterior superior iliac spine and the posterior inferior iliac spine. The posterior superior iliac spine serves for the ...
(PSIS). Behind the ASIS, it divides into an outer and inner lip separated by the intermediate zone. The outer lip bulges laterally into the iliac tubercle
The iliac tubercle is located approximately posterior to the anterior superior iliac spine on the iliac crest in humans. The transverse plane that includes each of the tubercles (one from the left iliac tubercle and one from the right iliac tube ...
.Platzer (2004), p 186
Palpable
{{Short pages monitor
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The iliac crest has a large amount of red
File:Iliac crest.PNG, Muscles connecting the upper extremity to the vertebral column. Left iliac crest is labeled in red.
File:Gray237.png, Plan of ossification of the hip bone
File:Gray395.png, The Obliquus internus abdominis
File:Gray430.png, Muscles of the iliac and anterior femoral regions
File:Gray1124.png, The relations of the kidneys from behind
File:Orientation.PNG, Iliac crest labeled at center right
File:Slide7w.JPG, Iliac crest
Abdominal external oblique muscle
The abdominal external oblique muscle (also external oblique muscle or exterior oblique) is the largest and outermost of the three flat Abdomen#Muscles, abdominal muscles of the lateral anterior abdomen.
Structure
The external oblique is situat ...
* Abdominal internal oblique muscle
The abdominal internal oblique muscle, also internal oblique muscle or interior oblique, is an abdominal muscle in the abdominal wall that lies below the external oblique muscle and just above the transverse abdominal muscle.
Structure
Its fib ...
* ''Transversus abdominis'' muscle
* Quadratus lumborum muscle
The quadratus lumborum muscle, informally called the ''QL'', is a paired muscle of the left and right posterior abdominal wall. It is the deepest abdominal muscle, and commonly referred to as a back muscle. Each muscle of the pair is an irregular ...
* Erector spinae
The erector spinae ( ) or spinal erectors is a set of muscles that straighten and rotate the back. The spinal erectors work together with the glutes (gluteus maximus, gluteus medius and gluteus minimus) to maintain stable posture standing or si ...
** Iliocostalis
Iliocostalis muscle is the muscle immediately lateral to the longissimus that is the nearest to the furrow that separates the epaxial muscles from the hypaxial. It lies very deep to the fleshy portion of the serratus posterior muscle. It late ...
pars lumborum
** Longissimus
The longissimus () is the muscle lateral to the semispinalis muscles. It is the longest subdivision of the erector spinae muscles that extends forward into the transverse processes of the posterior cervical vertebrae.
Structure
Longissimus th ...
pars thoracisBogduk (2005), p 106
* Latissimus dorsi
The latissimus dorsi () is a large, flat muscle on the back that stretches to the sides, behind the arm, and is partly covered by the trapezius on the back near the midline.
The word latissimus dorsi (plural: ''latissimi dorsi'') comes from L ...
* Tensor fasciae latae
The tensor fasciae latae (or tensor fasciæ latæ or, formerly, tensor vaginae femoris) is a muscle of the thigh. Together with the gluteus maximus, it acts on and is continuous with the iliotibial band, which attaches to the tibia. The muscle as ...
* Iliacus muscle
The iliacus is a flat, triangular muscle which fills the iliac fossa. It forms the lateral portion of iliopsoas, providing flexion of the thigh and lower limb at the acetabulofemoral joint.
Structure
The iliacus arises from the iliac fossa on ...
* Fascia lata
The fascia lata is the deep fascia of the thigh. It encloses the thigh muscles and forms the outer limit of the fascial compartments of thigh, which are internally separated by the medial intermuscular septum and the lateral intermuscular sept ...
* Iliac fascia
The iliac fascia (or Abernethy's fascia) is the fascia overlying the iliacus muscle.
Superiorly and laterally, the iliac fascia is attached to the inner aspect of the iliac crest; inferiorly and laterally, it extends into the thigh to unite with ...
* Transverse fascia
The transversalis fascia (or transverse fascia) is the fascial lining of the anterolateral abdominal wall situated between the inner surface of the transverse abdominal muscle, and the preperitoneal fascia. It is directly continuous with the ilia ...
Clinical significance
The iliac crest has a large amount of red bone marrow
Bone marrow is a semi-solid biological tissue, tissue found within the Spongy bone, spongy (also known as cancellous) portions of bones. In birds and mammals, bone marrow is the primary site of new blood cell production (or haematopoiesis). It i ...
, and thus it is the site of bone marrow harvests (from both sides) to collect the stem cells
In multicellular organisms, stem cells are undifferentiated or partially differentiated cells that can change into various types of cells and proliferate indefinitely to produce more of the same stem cell. They are the earliest type of cell ...
used in bone marrow transplantation
Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) is the transplantation of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells, usually derived from bone marrow, peripheral blood, or umbilical cord blood, in order to replicate inside a patient and produce a ...
. The iliac crest is also considered the best donor site for bone grafting
Bone grafting is a type of transplantation used to replace missing bone tissue or stimulate the healing of fractures. This surgical procedure is useful for repairing bone fractures that are extremely complex, pose a significant health risk to the ...
when a large quantity of bone is needed. For example, oral and maxillofacial surgeons will often use iliac crest bone to fill in large osseous defects of the oral cavity caused by severe periodontal disease, excess bone resorption following tooth loss, trauma, or congenital defects including alveolar clefts.Rose, Louis F.. Periodontics: Medicine, Surgery and Implants. Mosby, 072004. 26.2.2.3
The top of the iliac crests also marks the level of the fourth lumbar vertebral body (L4), above or below which lumbar puncture may be performed. Furthermore, said level is often referred to as the "intercristal line".
Additional images
See also
*Apollo's belt
The Apollo's belt, also known as Adonis belt, or iliac furrows, is a part of the human anatomy referring to the two shallow grooves of the human abdomen running from the iliac crest (hip bone) to the pubis.
The shape of the grooves are formed b ...
* Hip pointer
A hip pointer is a contusion on the pelvis caused by a direct blow or a bad fall at an iliac crest and/or hip bone and a bruise of the abdominal muscles (transverse and oblique abdominal muscles). Surrounding structures such as the tensor fascia ...
References
* * *External links
* - "The Back, Posterior View" (#4) {{Authority control Human anatomy Bones of the pelvis Ilium (bone)