IARC group 2B substances, mixtures and exposure circumstances are those that have been classified as "possibly carcinogenic to humans" by the

International Agency for Research on Cancer The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC; ) is an intergovernmental agency forming part of the World Health Organization of the United Nations. Its role is to conduct and coordinate research into the causes of cancer. It also cance ...

(IARC) as This category is used when there is limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans and less than sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in

experimental animal Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, animal research, and ''in vivo'' testing, is the use of animals, as model organisms, in experiments that seek answers to scientific and medical questions. This approach can be contrasted ...

s. It may also be used when there is insufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans but sufficient evidence in experimental animals. In some cases, an agent, mixture, or exposure circumstance with inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans but limited evidence in experimental animals, combined with supporting evidence from other relevant data, may be included in this group. This list focuses on the

hazard A hazard is a potential source of harm. Substances, events, or circumstances can constitute hazards when their nature would potentially allow them to cause damage to health, life, property, or any other interest of value. The probability of that ...

linked to the agents. This means that the carcinogenic agents are capable of causing cancer, but this does not take their

risk In simple terms, risk is the possibility of something bad happening. Risk involves uncertainty about the effects/implications of an activity with respect to something that humans value (such as health, well-being, wealth, property or the environ ...

into account, which is the probability of causing a cancer given the level of exposure to this carcinogenic agent. The list is up to date as of January 2024.

Agents and groups of agents

A

* A-α-C (2-Amino-9H-pyrido ,3-''b''ndole) *

Acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde (IUPAC systematic name ethanal) is an organic compound, organic chemical compound with the chemical formula, formula , sometimes abbreviated as . It is a colorless liquid or gas, boiling near room temperature. It is one of the most ...

Acetamide Acetamide (systematic name: ethanamide) is an organic compound with the formula CH3CONH2. It is an amide derived from ammonia and acetic acid. It finds some use as a plasticizer and as an industrial solvent. The related compound ''N'',''N''-dime ...

* AF-2 (2-(2-Furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide) *

Aflatoxin M1 Aflatoxin M1 is a chemical compound of the aflatoxin class, a group of mycotoxins produced by three species of ''Aspergillus'' – ''Aspergillus flavus'', ''Aspergillus parasiticus'', and the rare '' Aspergillus nomius'' – which contaminate pla ...

* 1-Amino-2,4-dibromoanthraquinone * 2-Amino-4-chlorophenol * ''para''-Aminoazobenzene * ortho-Aminoazotoluene * 2-Amino-5-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole *

Amsacrine Amsacrine (synonyms: m-AMSA, acridinyl anisidide) is an antineoplastic agent. It has been used in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Mechanism Its planar fused ring system can intercalate into the DNA of tumor cells, thereby altering the major and ...

Anthracene Anthracene is a solid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) of formula C14H10, consisting of three fused benzene rings. It is a component of coal tar. Anthracene is used in the production of the red dye alizarin and other dyes, as a scintil ...

Arecoline Arecoline is a cholinergic agent, stimulant, and natural product, naturally occurring alkaloid found in areca nut, areca (betel) nuts of the areca palm (''Areca catechu'') found in South Asia, South and Southeast Asia. Its effects, depending on ...

Aspartame Aspartame is an artificial non-saccharide sweetener commonly used as a sugar substitute in foods and beverages. 200 times sweeter than sucrose, it is a methyl ester of the aspartic acid/phenylalanine dipeptide with brand names NutraSwe ...

B

*Benz 'j''ceanthrylene * Benz 'a''nthracene * Benzo 'b''luoranthene * Benzo 'j''luoranthene * Benzo 'k''luoranthene * Benzo 'c''henanthrene *

Benzophenone Benzophenone is a naturally occurring organic compound with the formula (C6H5)2CO, generally abbreviated Ph2CO. Benzophenone has been found in some fungi, fruits and plants, including grapes. It is a white solid with a low melting point and ros ...

Benzofuran Benzofuran is the heterocyclic compound consisting of fused benzene and furan rings. This colourless liquid is a component of coal tar. Benzofuran is the structural nucleus (parent compound) of many related compounds with more complex stru ...

Benzyl violet 4B In organic chemistry, benzyl is the substituent or molecular fragment possessing the structure . Benzyl features a benzene ring () attached to a methylene group (). Nomenclature In IUPAC nomenclature, the prefix benzyl refers to a substituent ...

2,2-Bis(bromomethyl)propane-1,3-diol The comma is a punctuation mark that appears in several variants in different languages. Some typefaces render it as a small line, slightly curved or straight, but inclined from the vertical; others give it the appearance of a miniature fille ...

BK polyomavirus The BK virus, also known as Human polyomavirus 1, is a member of the polyomavirus family. Past infection with the BK virus is widespread, but significant consequences of infection are uncommon, with the exception of the immunocompromised and the ...

(BKV) *

Bleomycin -13- (1''H''-imidazol-5-yl)methyl9-hydroxy-5- 1''R'')-1-hydroxyethyl8,10-dimethyl-4,7,12,15-tetraoxo-3,6,11,14-tetraazapentadec-1-yl}-2,4'-bi-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)carbonyl]amino}propyl)(dimethyl)sulfonium , C=55 , H=84 , N=17 , O=21 , S=3 , SMI ...

* Bracken, Bracken fern *

1-Bromo-3-chloropropane 1-Bromo-3-chloropropane is an organohalogen compound with the formula Br(CH2)3Cl. It is a colorless liquid, produced by free-radical addition of hydrogen bromide to allyl chloride. It is used as an alkylating agent Alkylation is a chemical react ...

* Bromochloroacetic acid *

Bromodichloromethane Bromodichloromethane is a trihalomethane with formula . It is a colorless, nonflammable liquid which will dissolve in water, or evaporate in air. Most of the chemical is produced through the chlorine disinfection process, and as a result it can ...

1-Bromopropane 1-Bromopropane (also known as ''n''-propyl bromide or nPB) is a bromoalkane with the chemical formula CH3CH2CH2Br. It is a colorless, flammable liquid that is used as a solvent. It has a characteristic hydrocarbon odor. Its industrial applications ...

* 1-Butyl glycidyl ether *

Butyl methacrylate Butyl methacrylate is the organic compound with the formula C4H9O2CC(CH3)=CH2. A colorless liquid, it is a common monomer for the preparation of methacrylate polymers.. It is typically polymerized under free-radical In chemistry, a radical, a ...

Butylated hydroxyanisole Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) is a synthetic, waxy, solid petrochemical. Its antioxidant properties have caused it to be widely used as a preservative in food, food packaging, animal feed, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, rubber, and petroleum product ...

β-Butyrolactone β-Butyrolactone is the Intramolecular reaction, intramolecular carboxylic acid ester (lactone) of the optically active 3-Hydroxybutanoic acid, 3-hydroxybutanoic acid. It is produced during chemical synthesis as a racemate. β-Butyrolactone is su ...

C

Caffeic acid Caffeic acid is an organic compound with the formula . It is a polyphenol with a key role in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in energy metabolism. Caffeic acid is also one major polyphenol responsible for maintaining normal le ...

Carbazole Carbazole is an aromatic Heterocyclic compound, heterocyclic organic compound. It has a tricyclic structure, consisting of two six-membered benzene rings fused on either side of a five-membered nitrogen-containing ring. The compound's structure is ...

Carbon black Carbon black (with subtypes acetylene black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black and thermal black) is a material produced by the incomplete combustion of coal tar, vegetable matter, or petroleum products, including fuel oil, fluid cataly ...

Carbon nanotube A carbon nanotube (CNT) is a tube made of carbon with a diameter in the nanometre range ( nanoscale). They are one of the allotropes of carbon. Two broad classes of carbon nanotubes are recognized: * ''Single-walled carbon nanotubes'' (''S ...

s, multi-walled MWCNT-7 *

Carbon tetrachloride Carbon tetrachloride, also known by many other names (such as carbon tet for short and tetrachloromethane, also IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry, recognised by the IUPAC), is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CCl4. It is a n ...

Catechol Catechol ( or ), also known as pyrocatechol or 1,2-dihydroxybenzene, is an organic compound with the molecular formula . It is the ''ortho'' isomer of the three isomeric benzenediols. This colorless compound occurs naturally in trace amounts. It ...

Chlordane Chlordane, or chlordan, is an organochlorine compound that was used as a pesticide. It is a white solid. In the United States, chlordane was used for termite-treatment of approximately 30 million homes until it was banned in 1988. Chlordane was b ...

Chlordecone Chlordecone, better known in the United States under the brand name Kepone, is an organochlorine compound and a colourless solid. It is an obsolete insecticide, now prohibited in the Western world, but only after many thousands of tonnes had be ...

(Kepone) *

Chlorendic acid Chlorendic acid, or 1,4,5,6,7,7-hexachlorobicyclo .2.1hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, is a chlorinated carboxylic acid used in the synthesis of some flame retardants and polymers. It is a common breakdown product of several organochlorine insecti ...

* ''para''-Chloroaniline *

3-Chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone Mutagen X (MX), or 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-5''H''-furan-2-one, is a byproduct of the disinfection of water by chlorination. MX is produced by reaction of chlorine with natural humic acids. MX is found in chlorinated drinking water ...

Chloroform Chloroform, or trichloromethane (often abbreviated as TCM), is an organochloride with the formula and a common solvent. It is a volatile, colorless, sweet-smelling, dense liquid produced on a large scale as a precursor to refrigerants and po ...

* 1-Chloro-2-methylpropene *

3-Chloro-2-methylpropene Methallyl chloride is the organic compound with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH2Cl. It is a colorless liquid and a lacrymator. Its properties are similar to those of allyl chloride. It is a strong alkylating agent used to install isobutenyl groups. ...

, technical grade * 4-Chlorobenzotrifluoride * 2-Chloronitrobenzene * 4-Chloronitrobenzene * Chlorophenoxy herbicides * 4-Chloro-ortho-phenylenediamine *

Chloroprene Chloroprene (IUPAC name 2-chlorobuta-1,3-diene) is a chemical compound with the molecular formula CH2=CCl−CH=CH2. Chloroprene is a colorless volatile liquid, almost exclusively used as a monomer for the production of the polymer polychloroprene, ...

Chlorothalonil Chlorothalonil (2,4,5,6-tetrachloroisophthalonitrile) is an organic compound mainly used as a broad spectrum, nonsystemic fungicide, with other uses as a wood protectant, pesticide, acaricide, and to control Mold (fungus), mold, mildew, bacteria ...

Chrysene Chrysene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) with the molecular formula that consists of four fused benzene rings. It is a natural constituent of coal tar, from which it was first isolated and characterized. It is also found in creosote ...

CI Acid Red 114 CI or Ci may refer to: Business terminology * Commercial invoice * Competitive intelligence * Confidential information * Continual improvement * Corporate identity * Customer intelligence, a discipline in marketing Businesses and organisations ...

CI Basic Red 9 Pararosaniline, pararosaniline free base, Basic Red 9, or C.I. 42500 is an organic compound with the formula . It is the free base form of pararosaniline hydrochloride, , a magenta solid with a variety of uses as a dye. It is one of the four comp ...

* CI Direct Blue 15 *

CI DIrect Blue 218 CI or Ci may refer to: Business terminology * Commercial invoice * Competitive intelligence * Confidential information * Continual improvement * Corporate identity * Customer intelligence, a discipline in marketing Businesses and organisations ...

* Citrus Red No. 2 *

Cobalt(II) oxide Cobalt(II) oxide is an inorganic compound that has been described as an olive-green or gray solid. It is used extensively in the ceramics industry as an additive to create blue-colored glazes and enamels, as well as in the chemical industry f ...

Cobalt Cobalt is a chemical element; it has Symbol (chemistry), symbol Co and atomic number 27. As with nickel, cobalt is found in the Earth's crust only in a chemically combined form, save for small deposits found in alloys of natural meteoric iron. ...

and

cobalt compounds Cobalt compounds are chemical compounds formed by cobalt with other elements. Inorganic compounds Halides Many halides of cobalt(II) are known: cobalt(II) fluoride (CoF2) which is a pink solid, cobalt(II) chloride (CoCl2) which is a blue s ...

* Cobalt sulfate and other soluble cobalt(II) salts * Coconut oil diethanolamine condensate * para-Cresidine *

Crotonaldehyde Crotonaldehyde is a chemical compound with the formula CH3CH=CHCHO. The compound is usually sold as a mixture of the ''E''- and ''Z''-isomers, which differ with respect to the relative position of the methyl and formyl groups. The ''E''-isomer i ...

Cumene Cumene (isopropylbenzene) is an organic compound that contains a benzene ring with an isopropyl substituent. It is a constituent of crude oil and refined fuels. It is a flammable colorless liquid that has a boiling point of 152 °C. Near ...

Cupferron Cupferron is jargon for the ammonium salt of the conjugate base derived from ''N''-nitroso-''N''-phenylhydroxylamine. This conjugate base is abbreviated as CU−. It once was a common reagent for the complexation of metal ions, being of interest i ...

Cycasin Cycasin is a carcinogenic and neurotoxic glucoside found in cycads such as ''Cycas revoluta'' and ''Zamia pumila''. Symptoms of poisoning include vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, seizures, and hepatotoxicity. In metabolic conditions, cycasin is hydrol ...

D

Dacarbazine Dacarbazine, also known as imidazole carboxamide and sold under the brand name DTIC-Dome, is a chemotherapy medication used in the treatment of melanoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma. For Hodgkin's lymphoma, it is often used together with vinblastine ...

Dantron Dantron ( INN), also known as chrysazin or 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone, is an orange-colored organic substance. Many structurally-related compounds are known. In terms of its molecular structure, it is related anthraquinone by the replacement of t ...

(Chrysazin, 1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone) * Daunomycin *

DDT Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, commonly known as DDT, is a colorless, tasteless, and almost odorless crystalline chemical compound, an organochloride. Originally developed as an insecticide, it became infamous for its environmental impacts. ...

(''p'',''p-DDT) * N,N'-Diacetylbenzidine * 2,4-Diaminoanisole *

4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl ether 4,4′-Oxydianiline (ODA) is an organic compound with the chemical formula, formula Oxygen, O(Carbon, C6Hydrogen, H4Nitrogen, NH2)2. It is an ether derivative of aniline. This colourless solid is a useful monomer and Cross-link, cross-linking agent ...

2,4-Diaminotoluene 2,4-Diaminotoluene is an aromatic organic compound with the formula . It is one isomer of six with this formula. It is a white solid, although commercial samples are often yellow-tan. Preparation It is prepared by hydrogenation of 2,4-Dinitrotol ...

*Dibenz 'a,h''cridine *Dibenz 'c,h''cridine *7''H''-Dibenzo 'c,g''arbazole *Dibenzo 'a,h''yrene *Dibenzo 'a,i''yrene * Dibromoacetic acid * Dibromoacetonitrile *

1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (dibromochloropropane), better known as DBCP, is the organic compound with the formula BrCH(CHBr)(CHCl). It is a dense colorless liquid although commercial samples often appear amber or even brown. It is the active ing ...

* 2,3-Dibromopropan-1-ol *

1,4-Dichloro-2-nitrobenzene 1,4-Dichloro-2-nitrobenzene is an organic compound with the formula C6H3Cl2NO2. One of several isomers of dichloronitrobenzene, it is a yellow solid that is insoluble in water. It is produced by nitration of 1,4-dichlorobenzene. It is a precurs ...

Dichloroacetic acid Dichloroacetic acid (DCA), sometimes called bichloroacetic acid (BCA), is the organic compound with formula . It is an analogue of acetic acid, in which 2 of the 3 hydrogen atoms of the methyl group have been replaced by chlorine atoms. Like the ...

para-Dichlorobenzene 1,4-Dichlorobenzene (1,4-DCB, ''p''-DCB, or ''para''-dichlorobenzene, sometimes abbreviated as PDCB or para) is an aryl chloride and isomer of dichlorobenzene with the formula C6H4Cl2. This colorless solid has a strong odor. The molecule consist ...

3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine is an organic compound with the formula (C6H3Cl(NH2))2. The pure compound is pale yellow, but commercial samples are often colored. It is barely soluble in water and is often supplied as a wet paste. It is widely used in the ...

* 3,3'-Dichloro-4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether *

1,2-Dichloroethane The chemical compound 1,2-dichloroethane, commonly known as ethylene dichloride (EDC), is a chlorinated hydrocarbon. It is a colourless liquid with a chloroform-like odour. The most common use of 1,2-dichloroethane is in the production of vinyl ...

2,4-D 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid is an organic compound with the chemical formula . It is usually referred to by its ISO common name 2,4-D. It is a systemic herbicide that kills most broadleaf weeds by causing uncontrolled growth, but most gra ...

(2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) *

1,3-Dichloropropene 1,3-Dichloropropene, sold under diverse trade names, is an organochlorine compound with the formula . It is a colorless liquid with a sweet smell. It is feebly soluble in water and evaporates easily. It is used mainly in farming as a pesticide, ...

(technical grade) * 1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol *

Dichlorvos Dichlorvos (2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate, commonly abbreviated as an DDVP) is an organophosphate widely used as an insecticide to control household pests, in public health, and protecting stored products from insects. The compound has be ...

Diethanolamine Diethanolamine, often abbreviated as DEA or DEOA, is an organic compound with the formula HN(CH2CH2OH)2. Pure diethanolamine is a white solid at room temperature, but its tendencies to absorb water and to supercool often results in it being foun ...

* Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate * 1,2-Diethylhydrazine * Diglycidyl resorcinol ether *

Digoxin Digoxin (better known as digitalis), sold under the brand name Lanoxin among others, is a medication used to treat various heart disease, heart conditions. Most frequently it is used for atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and heart failure. ...

* Dihydrosafrole * Diisopropyl sulfate * 3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine (''o''-Dianisidine) * N,N-Dimethylacetamide * para-Dimethylaminoazobenzene *''trans''-2- Dimethylamino)methylimino5- -(5-nitro-2-furyl)-vinyl1,3,4-oxadiazole * 2,6-Xylidine (2,6-Dimethylaniline) * Dimethylarsinic acid * 3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine (''o''-Tolidine) *

1,1-Dimethylhydrazine Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (abbreviated as UDMH; also known as 1,1-dimethylhydrazine, heptyl or Geptil) is a chemical compound with the formula H2NN(CH3)2 that is primarily used as a rocket propellant. At room temperature, UDMH is a colorle ...

Dimethyl hydrogen phosphite Ethane ( , ) is a naturally occurring organic chemical compound with chemical formula . At standard temperature and pressure, ethane is a colorless, odorless gas. Like many hydrocarbons, ethane is isolated on an industrial scale from natural g ...

* Dimethyl-p-toluidine * 3,7-Dinitrofluoranthene * 3,9-Dinitrofluoranthene * 1,3-Dinitropyrene * 1,6-Dinitropyrene * 1,8-Dinitropyrene *

2,4-Dinitrotoluene 2,4-Dinitrotoluene (DNT) or dinitro is an organic compound with the formula C7H6N2O4. This pale yellow crystalline solid is well known as a precursor to trinitrotoluene (TNT) but is mainly produced as a precursor to toluene diisocyanate. Isomers ...

* 2,6-Dinitrotoluene * 1,4-Dioxane *

1,2-Diphenylhydrazine Hydrazobenzene (1,2-diphenylhydrazine) is an aromatic organic compound consisting of two aniline groups joined via their nitrogen atoms. It is an important industrial chemical used in the manufacture of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and hydrogen peroxid ...

Diphenylamine Diphenylamine is an organic compound with the formula (C6H5)2NH. The compound is a derivative of aniline, consisting of an amine bound to two phenyl groups. The compound is a colorless solid, but commercial samples are often yellow due to oxidiz ...

Disperse Blue 1 Disperse was a Christian rock band from Southern Indiana active from 1996 to 2004. The band was formerly known, with an adjusted roster, as "Stuff." Members (as of 2004 dispersion) :Chelsey Pieratt - Vocals :Chris Billings - Lead Guitar :And ...

*4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene,Solvent yellow 2( MSDS India )

E

1,2-Epoxybutane 1,2-Epoxybutane is an organic compound with the formula CH(O)CHCHCH. It is a chiral epoxide prepared by oxidation of 1-butene 1-Butene (IUPAC name: But-1-ene, also known as 1-butylene) is the organic compound with the formula CH3CH2CH=CH2. It ...

Ethyl acrylate Ethyl acrylate is an organic compound with the formula CH2CHCO2CH2CH3. It is the ethyl ester of acrylic acid. It is a colourless liquid with a characteristic acrid odor. It is mainly produced for paints, textiles, and non-woven fibers. It is ...

Ethylbenzene Ethylbenzene is an organic compound with the formula . It is a highly flammable, colorless liquid with an odor similar to that of gasoline. This monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is important in the petrochemical industry as a reaction intermediat ...

Ethylene dichloride The chemical compound 1,2-dichloroethane, commonly known as ethylene dichloride (EDC), is a chlorinated hydrocarbon. It is a colourless liquid with a chloroform-like odour. The most common use of 1,2-dichloroethane is in the production of vinyl ...

* 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate *

Ethyl methanesulfonate Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) is an organosulfur compound with the formula . It is the ethyl ester of methanesulfonic acid. A colorless liquid, it is classified as an alkylating agent. EMS is the most commonly used chemical mutagen in experimenta ...

F

*Foreign bodies, implanted in tissues ::Polymeric, prepared as thin smooth films (with the exception of poly(glycolic acid)) ::Metallic, prepared as thin smooth films ::Metallic cobalt, metallic nickel and an alloy powder containing 66-67% nickel, 13-16% chromium and 7% iron *

2-(2-Formylhydrazino)-4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)thiazole A coxless pair, abbreviated as a 2- and also known as a straight pair, is a racing shell used in the sport of competitive rowing. It is designed for two rowers, who propel the boat with sweep oars. The crew consists of a pair of rowers, each ...

Fumonisin B1 Fumonisin B1 is the most prevalent member of a family of toxins, known as fumonisins, produced by multiple species of ''Fusarium'' Mold (fungus), molds, such as ''Fusarium verticillioides'', which occur mainly in maize (corn), wheat and other cere ...

Furan Furan is a Heterocyclic compound, heterocyclic organic compound, consisting of a five-membered aromatic Ring (chemistry), ring with four carbon Atom, atoms and one oxygen atom. Chemical compounds containing such rings are also referred to as f ...

G

Gentian violet Crystal violet or gentian violet, also known as methyl violet 10B or hexamethyl pararosaniline chloride, is a triarylmethane dye used as a histological stain and in Gram's method of classifying bacteria. Crystal violet has antibacterial, antif ...

*''

Ginkgo biloba ''Ginkgo biloba'', commonly known as ginkgo or gingko ( ), also known as the maidenhair tree, is a species of gymnosperm tree native to East Asia. It is the last living species in the order Ginkgoales, which first appeared over 290 million year ...

'' extract *Glu-P-1 (2-Amino-6-methyldipyrido ,2-''a'':3',2'-''d''midazole) *Glu-P-2 (2-Aminodipyrido ,2-''a'':3',2'-''d''midazole) * Glycidaldehyde *

Griseofulvin Griseofulvin is an antifungal medication used to treat a number of types of dermatophytoses (ringworm). This includes fungal infections of the nails and scalp, as well as the skin when antifungal creams have not worked. It is taken by mouth. ...

H

HC Blue No. 1 HC, hc or H/C may refer to: Science, technology, and mathematics Medicine * Health Canada * Hemicrania continua * Hyperelastosis cutis or hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia Chemistry * Hemocyanin, a metalloprotein abbreviated Hc * ...

Heptachlor Heptachlor is an organochlorine compound that was used as an insecticide. Usually sold as a white or tan powder, heptachlor is one of the cyclodiene insecticides. In 1962, Rachel Carson's ''Silent Spring'' questioned the safety of heptachlor and ...

Hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobenzene, or perchlorobenzene, is an aryl chloride and a six-substituted chlorobenzene with the molecular formula C6Cl6. It is a fungicide formerly used as a seed treatment, especially on wheat to control the fungal disease bunt. Its u ...

Hexachloroethane Hexachloroethane (perchloroethane) is an organochlorine compound with the chemical formula . Its structure is . It is a white or colorless solid at room temperature with a camphor-like odor. It has been used by the military in smoke compositions, ...

Hexachlorocyclohexane Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), , is any of several polyhalogenated organic compounds consisting of a six-carbon ring with one chlorine and one hydrogen attached to each carbon. This structure has nine stereoisomers (eight diastereomers, one of whi ...

s *

Hexamethylphosphoramide Hexamethylphosphoramide, often abbreviated HMPA, is a phosphoramide (an amide of phosphoric acid) with the formula This colorless liquid is used as a solvent in organic synthesis. Structure and reactivity HMPA is the oxide of tris(dimethyla ...

(HMPA) * 2,4-Hexadienal *

Human immunodeficiency virus The human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) are two species of ''Lentivirus'' (a subgroup of retrovirus) that infect humans. Over time, they cause AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a condition in which progressive failure of th ...

type 2 (infection with) *

Human papillomavirus Human papillomavirus infection (HPV infection) is caused by a DNA virus from the ''Papillomaviridae'' family. Many HPV infections cause no symptoms and 90% resolve spontaneously within two years. In some cases, an HPV infection persists and r ...

types 26, 53, 66, 67, 70, 73, 82 *

types 30, 34, 69, 85, 97 *

types 5 and 8 (in patients with

epidermodysplasia verruciformis Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is a skin condition characterised by wart, warty skin lesions. It results from an abnormal susceptibility to HPV infection (HPV). It is associated with a high lifetime risk of Squamous cell skin cancer, squamo ...

) *

Hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide, sold under the brand name Hydrodiuril among others, is a diuretic medication used to treat hypertension and swelling due to fluid build-up. Other uses include treating diabetes insipidus and renal tubular acidosis and t ...

1-Hydroxyanthraquinone In organic chemistry hydroxyanthraquinones refers to compounds with the formula C12H8−n(OH)n(CO)2 where n ≥ 1. Almost all hydroxyanthraquinones are derivative of anthraquinone, 9,10-anthraquinone. Quoted by Khalafy and Bruce. Quoted by Khalaf ...

I

*Indeno ,2,3-''cd''yrene *

Indium tin oxide Indium tin oxide (ITO) is a ternary composition of indium, tin and oxygen in varying proportions. Depending on the oxygen content, it can be described as either a ceramic or an alloy. Indium tin oxide is typically encountered as an oxygen-saturate ...

*Iron-dextran complex * Isoeugenol *

Isophorone Isophorone is an Alpha-beta Unsaturated carbonyl compounds, α,β-unsaturated cyclic ketone. It is a colorless liquid with a characteristic peppermint-like odor, although commercial samples can appear yellowish. Used as a solvent and as a precu ...

Isoprene Isoprene, or 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, is a common volatile organic compound with the formula CH2=C(CH3)−CH=CH2. In its pure form it is a colorless volatile liquid. It is produced by many plants and animals (including humans) and its polymers ar ...

J

JC polyomavirus Human polyomavirus 2, commonly referred to as the JC virus or John Cunningham virus, is a type of human polyomavirus. It was identified by electron microscopy in 1965 by ZuRhein and Chou, and by Silverman and Rubinstein. It was later isolated in ...

(JCV)

K

Kava Kava or kava kava (''Piper methysticum'': Latin 'pepper' and Latinized Ancient Greek, Greek 'intoxicating') is a plant in the Piperaceae, pepper family, native to the Pacific Islands. The name ''kava'' is from Tongan language, Tongan and Marqu ...

extract

L

* Lasiocarpine *

Lead Lead () is a chemical element; it has Chemical symbol, symbol Pb (from Latin ) and atomic number 82. It is a Heavy metal (elements), heavy metal that is density, denser than most common materials. Lead is Mohs scale, soft and Ductility, malleabl ...

Leucomalachite green Malachite green is an organic compound that is used as a dyestuff and controversially as an antimicrobial in aquaculture. Malachite green is traditionally used as a dye for materials such as silk, leather, and paper. Despite its name the dye is ...

M

Magnetic field A magnetic field (sometimes called B-field) is a physical field that describes the magnetic influence on moving electric charges, electric currents, and magnetic materials. A moving charge in a magnetic field experiences a force perpendicular ...

s (

extremely low frequency Extremely low frequency (ELF) is the ITU designation for electromagnetic radiation (radio waves) with frequencies from 3 to 30 Hz, and corresponding wavelengths of 100,000 to 10,000 kilometers, respectively. In atmospheric sc ...

) *

Malachite green Malachite green is an organic compound that is used as a dyestuff and controversially as an antimicrobial in aquaculture. Malachite green is traditionally used as a dye for materials such as silk, leather, and paper. Despite its name the dye is ...

*MeA-α-C (2-Amino-3-methyl-9''H''-pyrido ,3-''b''ndole) *

Medroxyprogesterone acetate Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), also known as depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) in injectable form and sold under the brand name Depo-Provera among others, is a hormonal medication of the progestin type. It is used as a method of ...

*MeIQ (2-Amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo ,5-''f''uinoline) *MeIQx (2-Amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo ,5-''f''uinoxaline) *

Melamine Melamine is an organic compound with the formula C3H6N6. This white solid is a trimer (chemistry), trimer of cyanamide, with a 1,3,5-Triazine, 1,3,5-triazine skeleton. Like cyanamide, it contains 66% nitrogen by mass, and its derivatives ha ...

* Merphalan *

Methyl acrylate Methyl acrylate is an organic compound, more accurately the methyl ester of acrylic acid. It is a colourless liquid with a characteristic acrid odor. It is mainly produced to make acrylate fiber, which is used to weave synthetic carpets. It is a ...

Methyl isobutyl ketone Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK, 4-methylpentan-2-one) is an organic compound with the structural formula, condensed chemical formula (CH3)2CHCH2C(O)CH3. This ketone is a colourless liquid that is used as a solvent for gums, resins, paints, varnishes ...

* Methylarsonic acid *

2-Methylaziridine Propyleneimine (or propylene imine) is the organic compound with the formula CH3CH(NH)CH2. It is a secondary amine and the smallest chiral aziridine (ring containing C2N). It is a flammable colorless liquid. Its derivatives, copolymers and olig ...

(Propyleneimine) *

Methylazoxymethanol acetate Methylazoxymethanol acetate, MAM, is a neurotoxin which reduces DNA synthesis used in making animal models of neurological diseases including schizophrenia and epilepsy. MAM is found in cycad seeds, and causes zamia staggers. It selectively targets ...

5-Methylchrysene 5-Methylchrysene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) with a molecular weight of 242.3 g/mol and melting point of 117.5 °C (243.5°F). The chemical formula of it is C19H14. It has a vapour pressure of 0.00000025 mmHg. It can cause ca ...

*4,4'-Methylene bis(2-methylaniline) *

4,4'-Methylenedianiline 4,4′-Methylenedianiline (MDA) is an organic compound with the formula . It is a colorless solid, although commercial samples can appear yellow or brown. It is produced on an industrial scale, mainly as a precursor to polyurethanes. Synthesi ...

Methyleugenol Methyl eugenol (allylveratrol) is a natural chemical compound classified as a phenylpropene, a type of phenylpropanoid. It is the methyl ether of eugenol and is important to insect behavior and pollination. It is found in various essential oils. ...

2-Methylimidazole 2-Methylimidazole is an organic compound that is structurally related to imidazole with the chemical formula CH3C3H2N2H. It is a white or colorless solid that is highly soluble in polar organic solvents and water. It is a precursor to a range of d ...

* 4-Methylimidazole *

Methylmercury Methylmercury is an organometallic cation with the formula . It is the simplest organomercury compound. Methylmercury is extremely toxic, and its derivatives are the major source of organic mercury for humans. It is a bioaccumulative environment ...

compounds * N-Methylolacrylamide * 2-Methyl-1-nitroanthraquinone (uncertain purity) * N-Methyl-N-nitrosourethane * Methylthiouracil *

α-Methylstyrene α-Methylstyrene (AMS) is an organic compound with the formula C6H5C(CH3)=CH2. It is a colorless oil. Synthesis and reactions AMS is formed as a by-product of the cumene process. In this procedure, cumene is converted to its radical, through a r ...

Metronidazole Metronidazole, sold under the brand name Flagyl and Metrogyl among others, is an antibiotic and antiprotozoal medication. It is used either alone or with other antibiotics to treat pelvic inflammatory disease, endocarditis, and bacterial vagino ...

* Michler's base (4,4'-methylene-bis(''N'',''N''-dimethyl)benzenamine) *

Michler's ketone Michler's ketone is an organic compound with the formula of CH3)2NC6H4sub>2CO. This electron-rich derivative of benzophenone is an intermediate in the production of dyes and pigments, for example Methyl violet. It is also used as a photosensitize ...

(4,4'-bis(dimethylamino)benzophenone) *

Microcystin-LR Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a toxin produced by cyanobacteria. It is the most toxic of the microcystins. Structure Microcystins are cyclic heptapeptides. The seven amino acids that are involved in the structure of a microcystin include the unique ...

Mirex Mirex is an organochloride that was commercialized as an insecticide and later banned because of its impact on the environment. This white crystalline odorless solid is a derivative of both cyclopentadiene and cubane. It was popularized to cont ...

Mitomycin C Mitomycin C is a mitomycin that is used as a chemotherapy, chemotherapeutic agent by virtue of its antitumour activity. Medical uses It is given intravenously to treat upper gastro-intestinal cancers (e.g. esophageal carcinoma), anal cancer ...

Mitoxantrone Mitoxantrone (INN, BAN, USAN; also known as Mitozantrone in Australia; trade name Novantrone) is an anthracenedione antineoplastic agent. Uses Mitoxantrone is used to treat certain types of cancer, mostly acute myeloid leukemia. It improves th ...

Molybdenum trioxide Molybdenum trioxide describes a family of inorganic compounds with the formula MoO3(H2O)n where n = 0, 1, 2. The anhydrous compound is produced on the largest scale of any molybdenum compound since it is the main intermediate produced when molybd ...

* 3-Monochloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) * Monocrotaline *5-(Morpholinomethyl)-3- 5-nitrofurfurylidene)amino2-oxazolidinone *β-

Myrcene Myrcene, or β-myrcene, is a terpene, monoterpene. A colorless oil, it occurs widely in essential oils. It is produced mainly semi-synthetically from ''Myrcia'', from which it gets its name. It is an intermediate in the production of several frag ...

N

Nafenopin Nafenopin is a hypolipidemic agent Lipid-lowering agents, also sometimes referred to as hypolipidemic agents, cholesterol-lowering drugs, or antihyperlipidemic agents are a diverse group of pharmaceuticals that are used to lower the level of lipids ...

Naphthalene Naphthalene is an organic compound with formula . It is the simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and is a white Crystal, crystalline solid with a characteristic odor that is detectable at concentrations as low as 0.08 Parts-per notation ...

Nickel Nickel is a chemical element; it has symbol Ni and atomic number 28. It is a silvery-white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge. Nickel is a hard and ductile transition metal. Pure nickel is chemically reactive, but large pieces are slo ...

, metallic and alloys * Niridazole *

Nitrilotriacetic acid Nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) is the aminopolycarboxylic acid with the formula N(CH2CO2H)3. It is a colourless solid. Its conjugate base nitrilotriacetate is used as a chelating agent for Ca2+, Co2+, Cu2+, and Fe3+. Production and use Nitrilotria ...

and its salts * 5-Nitroacenaphthene * 2-Nitroanisole * para-Nitroanisole * 3-Nitrobenzanthrone *

Nitrobenzene Nitrobenzene is an aromatic nitro compound and the simplest of the nitrobenzenes, with the chemical formula C6H5 NO2. It is a water-insoluble pale yellow oil with an almond-like odor. It freezes to give greenish-yellow crystals. It is produced ...

* Nitrofen (technical-grade) * 2-Nitrofluorene *1- 5-Nitrofurfurylidene)amino2-imidazolidinone *''N''-

-(5-Nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl The symbol , known in Unicode as hyphen-minus, is the form of hyphen most commonly used in digital documents. On most keyboards, it is the only character that resembles a minus sign or a dash, so it is also used for these. The name ''hyphen-min ...

cetamide *Nitrogen mustard ''N''-oxide *

Nitromethane Nitromethane, sometimes shortened to simply "nitro", is an organic compound with the chemical formula . It is the simplest organic nitro compound. It is a polar liquid commonly used as a solvent in a variety of industrial applications such as in ...

2-Nitropropane 2-Nitropropane (2-NP) is an organic compound with the formula . It is used as a solvent. It is a colorless liquid and is classified as a nitro compound. Preparation 2-Nitropropane is produced by the high-temperature vapor-phase nitration of pro ...

* 4-Nitropyrene * N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine * N-Nitrosodiethanolamine * N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine * 3-(N-Nitrosomethylamino)propionitrile * N-Nitrosomethylethylamine * N-Nitrosomethylvinylamine * N-Nitrosomorpholine * N-Nitrosopiperidine * N-Nitrosopyrrolidine * N-Nitrososarcosine

O

Ochratoxin A Ochratoxin A—a toxin produced by different ''Aspergillus'' and ''Penicillium'' species — is one of the most-abundant food-contaminating mycotoxins. It is also a frequent contaminant of water-damaged houses and of heating ducts. Human exposure ...

Oil Orange SS An oil is any nonpolar chemical substance that is composed primarily of hydrocarbons and is hydrophobic (does not mix with water) and lipophilic (mixes with other oils). Oils are usually flammable and surface active. Most oils are unsaturate ...

Oxazepam Oxazepam is a short-to-intermediate-acting benzodiazepine. Oxazepam is used for the treatment of anxiety, insomnia, and to control symptoms of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. It is a metabolite of diazepam, prazepam, and temazepam, and has moderate ...

P

Palygorskite Palygorskite (Russian: Палыгорскит) or attapulgite is a magnesium aluminium phyllosilicate with the chemical formula ) that occurs in a type of clay soil common to the Southeastern United States. It is one of the types of fuller's ea ...

(attapulgite) (long fibres, >5 μm) * Panfuran S (containing dihydroxymethylfuratrizine) *

Parathion Parathion, also called parathion-ethyl or diethyl parathion, is an organophosphate insecticide and acaricide. It was originally developed by IG Farben in the 1940s. It is highly toxic to non-target organisms, including humans, so its use has been ...

Pentosan polysulfate sodium Pentosan polysulfate, sold under the brand name Elmiron among others, is a medication used for interstitial cystitis. Evidence of benefit; however, is mixed as of 2024. It was approved for medical use in the United States in 1996. Medical use ...

* Perfuorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) * Phenazopyridine hydrochloride *

Phenobarbital Phenobarbital, also known as phenobarbitone or phenobarb, sold under the brand name Luminal among others, is a medication of the barbiturate type. It is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the treatment of certain types of ...

Phenolphthalein Phenolphthalein ( ) is a chemical compound with the chemical formula, formula carbon, C20hydrogen, H14oxygen, O4 and is often written as "HIn", "HPh", "phph" or simply "Ph" in shorthand notation. Phenolphthalein is often used as an indicator in ...

* Phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride *Phenyl glycidyl ether * ortho-Phenylenediamine * ortho-Phenylenediamine dihydrochloride *

Phenytoin Phenytoin (PHT), sold under the brand name Dilantin among others, is an anticonvulsant, anti-seizure medication. It is useful for the prevention of tonic-clonic seizures (also known as grand mal seizures) and focal seizures, but not absence se ...

*PhIP ( 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine) *

Polychlorophenol A chlorophenol is any organochloride of phenol that contains one or more covalent, covalently bonded chlorine atoms. There are five basic types of chlorophenols (mono- to pentachlorophenol) and 19 different chlorophenols in total when positional is ...

s and their sodium salts (mixed exposures) *Ponceau MX *Ponceau 3R *

Potassium bromate Potassium bromate () is a bromate of potassium and takes the form of white crystals or powder. It is a strong oxidizing agent. Preparation and structure Potassium bromate is produced when bromine is passed through a hot solution of potassium hyd ...

Primidone Primidone, sold under various brand names (including Mysoline), is a barbiturate medication that is used to treat partial seizure, partial and generalized seizures and essential tremors. It is taken Oral administration, by mouth. Its common ...

Progestin A progestogen, also referred to as a progestagen, gestagen, or gestogen, is a type of medication which produces effects similar to those of the natural female sex hormone progesterone in the body. A progestin is a '' synthetic'' progestogen. ...

s *Progestogen-only contraceptives * β-Propiolactone *

Propylene oxide Propylene oxide is an epoxide with the molecular formula C3H6O. This colourless volatile liquid with an odour similar to ether, is produced on a large scale industrially. Its major application is its use for the production of polyether polyols f ...

Propylthiouracil Propylthiouracil (PTU) is a medication used to treat hyperthyroidism. This includes hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease and toxic multinodular goiter. In a thyrotoxic crisis it is generally more effective than methimazole. Otherwise it is ...

Pulegone Pulegone is a naturally occurring organic compound obtained from the essential oils of a variety of plants such as ''Nepeta cataria'' (catnip), ''Mentha piperita'', and Mentha pulegium, pennyroyal. It is classified as a monoterpene, monoterpenoid ...

Pyridine Pyridine is a basic (chemistry), basic heterocyclic compound, heterocyclic organic compound with the chemical formula . It is structurally related to benzene, with one methine group replaced by a nitrogen atom . It is a highly flammable, weak ...

Q

Quinoline Quinoline is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C9H7N. It is a colorless hygroscopic liquid with a strong odor. Aged samples, especially if exposed to light, become yellow and later brown. Quinoline is only sl ...

R

Radiofrequency Radio frequency (RF) is the oscillation rate of an alternating electric current or voltage or of a magnetic, electric or electromagnetic field or mechanical system in the frequency range from around to around . This is roughly between the upper ...

electromagnetic field An electromagnetic field (also EM field) is a physical field, varying in space and time, that represents the electric and magnetic influences generated by and acting upon electric charges. The field at any point in space and time can be regarde ...

sPress release No 208, 31 May 2011
IARC classifies Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields as possibly carcinogenic to humans *

Refractory ceramic fibres In materials science, a refractory (or refractory material) is a material that is resistant to decomposition by heat or chemical attack and that retains its strength and rigidity at high temperatures. They are inorganic, non-metallic compound ...

* Riddelliine

S

Safrole Safrole is an organic compound with the formula CH2O2C6H3CH2CH=CH2. It is a colorless oily liquid, although impure samples can appear yellow. A member of the phenylpropanoid family of natural products, it is found in sassafras plants, among ot ...

*'' Schistosoma japonicum'' (infection with) *

Silicon carbide Silicon carbide (SiC), also known as carborundum (), is a hard chemical compound containing silicon and carbon. A wide bandgap semiconductor, it occurs in nature as the extremely rare mineral moissanite, but has been mass-produced as a powder a ...

, fibrous * Sodium ''ortho''-phenylphenate *Special-purpose fibres such as E-glass and '475' glass fibres * Sterigmatocystin *

Streptozotocin Streptozotocin or streptozocin ( INN, USP) (STZ) is a naturally occurring alkylating antineoplastic agent that is particularly toxic to the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas in mammals. It is used in medicine for treating certain can ...

Sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine, sold under the brand name Azulfidine among others, is a medication used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. It is considered by some to be a first-line treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. It is ...

* Sulfallate

T

1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane is a chlorinated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless liquid with a sweet chloroform-like odor. It is used as a solvent and in the production of wood stains and varnishes. It is an isomer of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane. Prod ...

1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (TeCA), also known by the brand names Bonoform, Cellon and Westron, is an organic compound. It is colorless liquid and has a sweet odor. It is used as an industrial solvent and as a separation agent. TeCA is toxic and it ca ...

* Tetrachlorvinphos *

Tetrahydrofuran Tetrahydrofuran (THF), or oxolane, is an organic compound with the formula (CH2)4O. The compound is classified as heterocyclic compound, specifically a cyclic ether. It is a colorless, water- miscible organic liquid with low viscosity. It is ...

Tetranitromethane Tetranitromethane or TNM is an organic oxidizer with chemical formula . Its chemical structure consists of four nitro groups attached to one carbon atom. In 1857 it was first synthesised by the reaction of sodium cyanoacetamide with nitric aci ...

Thioacetamide Thioacetamide is an organosulfur compound with the formula C2 H5 N S. This white crystalline solid is soluble in water and serves as a source of sulfide ions in the synthesis of organic and inorganic compounds. It is a prototypical thioamide. ...

4,4'-Thiodianiline 4,4′-Thiodianiline (TDA) is the organosulfur compound with the formula (H2NC6H4)2S. It is classified as a diamine and a thioether. It typically appears as an (off-)white solid powder. An analogue of TDA is the drug dapsone, for which the su ...

* 2-Thiouracil *

Titanium dioxide Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium(IV) oxide or titania , is the inorganic compound derived from titanium with the chemical formula . When used as a pigment, it is called titanium white, Pigment White 6 (PW6), or Colour Index Internationa ...

Toluene diisocyanate Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is an organic compound with the formula CH3C6H3(NCO)2. Two of the six possible isomers are commercially important: 2,4-TDI (CAS: 584-84-9) and 2,6-TDI (CAS: 91-08-7). 2,4-TDI is produced in the pure state, but TDI is oft ...

s *

Toxaphene Toxaphene was an insecticide used primarily for cotton in the southern United States during the late 1960s and the 1970s. Toxaphene is a mixture of over 670 different chemicals and is produced by reacting chlorine gas with camphene. It can be mo ...

(Polychlorinated camphenes) *

Triamterene Triamterene (traded under names such as Dyrenium and Dytac) is a potassium-sparing diuretic often used in combination with thiazide diuretics for the treatment of high blood pressure or swelling. The combination with hydrochlorothiazide, is kno ...

* Trichlormethine (Trimustine hydrochloride) *

Trichloroacetic acid Trichloroacetic acid (TCA; TCAA; also known as trichloroethanoic acid) is an analogue of acetic acid in which the three hydrogen atoms of the methyl group have all been replaced by chlorine atoms. Salts and esters of trichloroacetic acid are cal ...

* 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol *Trp-P-1 (3-Amino-1,4-dimethyl-5''H''-pyrido ,3-''b''ndole) *Trp-P-2 (3-Amino-1-methyl-5''H''-pyrido ,3-''b''ndole) *

Tungsten Tungsten (also called wolfram) is a chemical element; it has symbol W and atomic number 74. It is a metal found naturally on Earth almost exclusively in compounds with other elements. It was identified as a distinct element in 1781 and first ...

weapons-grade (with nickel and cobalt) alloy * Trypan blue

U

* Uracil mustard

V

Vanadium pentoxide Vanadium(V) oxide (''vanadia'') is the inorganic compound with the formula V2 O5. Commonly known as vanadium pentoxide, it is a dark yellow solid, although when freshly precipitated from aqueous solution, its colour is deep orange. Because of ...

Vinyl acetate Vinyl acetate is an organic compound with the Chemical formula, formula CH3CO2CH=CH2. This colorless liquid is the precursor to polyvinyl acetate, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, polyvinyl alcohol, and other important industrial polymers. Prod ...

* 4-Vinylcyclohexene * 4-Vinylcyclohexene diepoxide

Z

Zalcitabine Zalcitabine (2′-3′-di deoxycytidine, ddC), also called dideoxycytidine, is a nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) sold under the trade name Hivid. Zalcitabine was the third antiretroviral to be approved by the Food and Dru ...

Zidovudine Zidovudine (ZDV), also known as azidothymidine (AZT), was the first antiretroviral medication used to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS. It is generally recommended for use in combination with other antiretrovirals. It may be used to prevent mothe ...

(AZT)

Mixtures

*''

Aloe vera ''Aloe vera'' () is a succulent plant species of the genus ''Aloe''. It is widely distributed, and is considered an invasive species in many world regions. An evergreen perennial plant, perennial, it originates from the Arabian Peninsula, but ...

'', whole leaf extract *

Bitumen Bitumen ( , ) is an immensely viscosity, viscous constituent of petroleum. Depending on its exact composition, it can be a sticky, black liquid or an apparently solid mass that behaves as a liquid over very large time scales. In American Engl ...

s, occupational exposure to straight-run bitumens and their emissions during road paving *

s, occupational exposure to hard bitumens and their emissions during mastic asphalt work *

Carrageenan Carrageenans or carrageenins ( ; ) are a family of natural linear sulfation, sulfated polysaccharides. They are extracted from red algae, red edible seaweeds. Carrageenans are widely used in the food industry, for their gelling, thickening, an ...

, degraded (

Poligeenan Poligeenan (CAS No. 53973-98-1) is a low viscosity, low molecular weight, sulfated polygalactan polymer used exclusively in clinical diagnostic applications. The polymer is derived from the molecular backbone of carrageenan. Terminology The na ...

) *

Chlorinated paraffins Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are complex mixtures of polychlorinated ''n''-alkanes (paraffin wax). The chlorination degree of CPs can vary between 30 and 70 wt%. CPs are subdivided according to their carbon chain length into short-chain CPs (SCCPs ...

of average carbon chain length C₁₂ and average degree of chlorination approximately 60% *

Diesel fuel Diesel fuel, also called diesel oil, heavy oil (historically) or simply diesel, is any liquid fuel specifically designed for use in a diesel engine, a type of internal combustion engine in which fuel ignition takes place without a spark as a re ...

, marine *

Engine exhaust Exhaust gas or flue gas is emitted as a result of the combustion of fuels such as natural gas, gasoline (petrol), diesel fuel, fuel oil, biodiesel blends, or coal. According to the type of engine, it is discharged into the atmosphere through ...

gasoline Gasoline ( North American English) or petrol ( Commonwealth English) is a petrochemical product characterized as a transparent, yellowish, and flammable liquid normally used as a fuel for spark-ignited internal combustion engines. When for ...

Fuel oil Fuel oil is any of various fractions obtained from the distillation of petroleum (crude oil). Such oils include distillates (the lighter fractions) and residues (the heavier fractions). Fuel oils include heavy fuel oil (bunker fuel), marine f ...

s, residual (heavy) *''

Fusarium moniliforme ''Fusarium verticillioides'' is the most commonly reported fungal species infecting maize (''Zea mays''). ''Fusarium verticillioides'' is the accepted name of the species, which was also known as ''Fusarium moniliforme''. The species has also bee ...

'', toxins derived from ( fumonisin B₁, fumonisin B₂, and

fusarin C Fusarins are a class of mycotoxins produced mainly by fungi of the genus ''Fusarium'', which can infect agriculturally important crops such as wheat, barley, oats, rye, and corn. Chemically, they are polyketides that are also derived from amino aci ...

) *

Gasoline Gasoline ( North American English) or petrol ( Commonwealth English) is a petrochemical product characterized as a transparent, yellowish, and flammable liquid normally used as a fuel for spark-ignited internal combustion engines. When for ...

Goldenseal Goldenseal (''Hydrastis canadensis''), also called orangeroot or yellow puccoon, is a perennial herb in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae, native to North America. It may be distinguished by its thick, yellow knotted rootstock. The stem is pur ...

root powder *Magenta dyes (

CI Basic Red CI or Ci may refer to: Business terminology * Commercial invoice * Competitive intelligence * Confidential information * Continual improvement * Corporate identity * Customer intelligence, a discipline in marketing Businesses and organisations ...

and fuchins) *Pickled vegetables (traditional in Asia) *

(Polychlorinated camphenes) *

Welding Welding is a fabrication (metal), fabrication process that joins materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, primarily by using high temperature to melting, melt the parts together and allow them to cool, causing Fusion welding, fusion. Co ...

fumes

Exposure circumstances

Carpentry Carpentry is a skilled trade and a craft in which the primary work performed is the cutting, shaping and installation of building materials during the construction of buildings, Shipbuilding, ships, timber bridges, concrete formwork, etc. C ...

and

joinery Joinery is a part of woodworking that involves joining pieces of wood, engineered lumber, or synthetic substitutes (such as laminate), to produce more complex items. Some woodworking joints employ mechanical fasteners, bindings, or adhesives ...

metal without

tungsten carbide Tungsten carbide (chemical formula: ) is a carbide containing equal parts of tungsten and carbon atoms. In its most basic form, tungsten carbide is a fine gray powder, but it can be pressed and formed into shapes through sintering for use in in ...

Dry cleaning Dry cleaning is any cleaning process for clothing and textiles using a solvent other than water. Clothes are instead soaked in a water-free liquid solvent (usually non-polar, as opposed to water which is a Solvent#Solvent classifications, polar ...

(

occupational Employment is a relationship between two parties regulating the provision of paid labour services. Usually based on a contract, one party, the employer, which might be a corporation, a not-for-profit organization, a co-operative, or any other ...

exposures in) *

Firefighter A firefighter (or fire fighter or fireman) is a first responder trained in specific emergency response such as firefighting, primarily to control and extinguish fires and respond to emergencies such as hazardous material incidents, medical in ...

(

exposure as) *

Printing Printing is a process for mass reproducing text and images using a master form or template. The earliest non-paper products involving printing include cylinder seals and objects such as the Cyrus Cylinder and the Cylinders of Nabonidus. The ...

processes (

exposures in) *

Talc Talc, or talcum, is a clay mineral composed of hydrated magnesium silicate, with the chemical formula . Talc in powdered form, often combined with corn starch, is used as baby powder. This mineral is used as a thickening agent and lubricant ...

-based body powder ( perineal use of) *

Textile manufacturing Textile manufacturing or textile engineering is a major industry. It is largely based on the conversion of fibre into yarn, then yarn into fabric. These are then dyed or printed, fabricated into cloth which is then converted into useful good ...

industry (work in)

Notes

* Evaluated as a group.

References

External links

Description of the list of classifications
,

IARC IARC may refer to: * International Aerial Robotics Competition * International Age Rating Coalition * International Agency for Research on Cancer * International Arctic Research Center * Israel Association of Radio Communication * iArc, South Ko ...

*
List of Classifications
(latest version) *
List of Classifications by cancer sites with sufficient or limited evidence in humans, Volumes 1 to 124
(Last update: 8 July 2019) {{Carcinogen * ja:IARC発がん性リスク一覧