HMS Fury (H76)

HMS ''Fury'' was an F-class destroyer built for the Royal Navy in the 1930s. Although assigned to the Home Fleet upon completion, the ship was attached to the Mediterranean Fleet in 1935–36 during the Abyssinia Crisis. During the Spanish Civil War of 1936–1939, she spent time in Spanish waters, enforcing the arms blockade imposed by Britain and France on both sides of the conflict. The ship escorted the larger ships of the fleet during the early stages of World War II and played a minor role in the Norwegian Campaign of 1940. ''Fury'' was sent to Gibraltar in mid-1940 and formed part of Force H where she participated in the attack on Mers-el-Kébir and the Battle of Dakar. The ship escorted numerous convoys to Malta in 1940–41 and Arctic convoys during 1942.

''Fury'' was briefly transferred to the Mediterranean in August 1942 to participate in Operation Pedestal but returned to the Home Fleet immediately afterwards to resume her role screening convoys to Russia. She continued in this role until March 1943 when she began escorting convoys in the North Atlantic for several months. The ship was transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet a few months later as the Allies began making landings in Italian territory in mid-1943. Later in the year, she participated in the Dodecanese Campaign in the Aegean where she helped to sink a German troop convoy. ''Fury'' returned to the Home Fleet in mid-1944 in preparation for Operation Neptune, the Allied invasion of France. The ship provided naval gunfire support during the landings until she struck a mine during a storm on 21 June and was then blown ashore. She was deemed uneconomical to repair and scrapping began in September.

Description

The F-class ships were repeats of the preceding E class. They displaced at standard load and at deep load. The ships had an overall length of , a beam of and a draught of . They were powered by two Parsons geared steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by three Admiralty three-drum boilers. The turbines developed a total of and gave a maximum speed of . ''Fury'' carried a maximum of of fuel oil that gave her a range of at . The ships' complement was 145 officers and ratings.Lenton, p. 156

The ships mounted four 4.7-inch (120 mm) Mark IX guns in single mounts in single mounts, designated 'A', 'B', 'X', and 'Y' in sequence from front to rear. For anti-aircraft (AA) defence, they had two quadruple Mark I mounts for the 0.5 inch Vickers Mark III machine gun. The F class was fitted with two above-water quadruple torpedo tube mounts for torpedoes. One depth charge rack and two throwers were fitted; 20 depth charges were originally carried, but this increased to 35 shortly after the war began.

Wartime modifications

Between October 1940 and April 1941, ''Fury'' had her rear torpedo tube mount replaced by a 12-pounder (76 mm) AA gun. During her early 1942 refit, two single Oerlikon light AA guns were installed abreast the bridge. By July 1942, a Type 286 short-range surface-search radar was fitted as was a HF/DF radio direction finder mounted on a pole mainmast. By February 1943 photographic evidence shows that a pair of Oerlikons had replaced her Vickers .50 machine guns. During her early 1944 refit, another pair of Oerlikons was added and her 12-pounder gun was removed. Photos taken of the ship in July 1944 show her with a Type 271 radar mounted on her searchlight platform that was probably installed during her last refit.

Construction and career

''Fury'' was built by J. Samuel White at its Cowes shipyard under the 1932 Naval Programme. The ship was laid down on 19 May 1933, launched on 10 September 1934, as the eleventh ship to carry the name, and completed on 18 April 1935. The ship cost 248,538 pounds, excluding Admiralty supplied equipment such as armaments and communications sets. ''Fury'' was initially assigned to the 6th Destroyer Flotilla (DF) of the Home Fleet, but was sent to reinforce the Mediterranean Fleet, together with most of her sister ships, during the Abyssinian crisis in June. On 11 December 1936, the day after his abdication broadcast to the nation, ''Fury'' embarked The Duke of Windsor for passage to Boulogne-sur-Mer. After returning home, she remained there aside from deployments to Spanish waters to enforce the arms embargo imposed on both sides in the Spanish Civil War by the Non-Intervention Committee. The flotilla was renumbered the 8th Destroyer Flotilla in April 1939, five months before the start of World War II. ''Fury'' remained assigned to it until June 1940, escorting the larger ships of the fleet and conducting anti-submarine patrols.English, p. 86

On 15 September, ''Fury'' was one of the destroyers that relieved her sisters escorting the aircraft carrier after they had sunk the after it attacked the carrier. Two months later, she was escorting the battleship when the latter struck a magnetic mine as they were entering Loch Ewe on 4 December. ''Fury'' remained there for a time in case any further mining attempts were made. In February 1940, she was one of the escorts for Convoy TC 3 carrying troops from Canada to the UK. On 17 April, ''Fury'' screened the damaged heavy cruiser as she returned to Scapa Flow after bombarding the airbase at Stavanger, Norway.

Beginning on 23 April, the ship was one of the escorts for the aircraft carriers ''Ark Royal'' and as they conducted air operations off the coast of Norway in support of Allied operations ashore. ''Glorious'' was detached to refuel at Scapa Flow on the 27th and was escorted by ''Fury'' and seven other destroyers. Three days later, she screened the battleship as the latter rendezvoused with ''Ark Royal''. On 9 May, ''Fury'', her sister , and three other destroyers were detached from the escort of the battlecruiser in an attempt to intercept a German force of E-boats that was expected. Other forces searching for German minelayers nearby also failed to locate their quarry. During this time, the destroyers and were detached from the screen of the light cruiser to pursue a possible submarine contact and ''Kelly'' was torpedoed by '' S-31'' in the darkness later that night. The destroyer came up to assist and towed ''Kelly'' most of the way to Hebburn, escorted by ''Fury'', ''Kandahar'' and the destroyer . On 18 May, ''Fury'' and her sisters ''Foresight'' and were transferred to the Humber to counter the threat of E-boats and minelayers in the North Sea.

Force H, 1940–1941

On 29 June, ''Fury'' sailed from Scapa to Gibraltar to join her sisters of the 8th DF as the escorts for Force H. On 3 July she took part in the attack on the French Fleet at Mers-el-Kébir (Operation Catapult). In late August the ship escorted ''Valiant'' and the new carrier from the UK to Gibraltar. The next day, ''Fury'' and Force H covered the passage of ''Valiant'' and ''Illustrious'' through the Western Mediterranean to rendezvous with the Mediterranean Fleet ( Operation Hats). On 13 September, Force H rendezvoused with a convoy that was carrying troops intended to capture Dakar from the Vichy French. Ten days later, they attacked Dakar, but were driven off by the Vichy French defences. During the battle on 24 September, ''Fury'', the destroyer , and the heavy cruiser engaged the Vichy French destroyer which was set on fire and forced to beach itself. In early October, ''Fury'' escorted a troop convoy from Freetown, Sierra Leone, to French Cameroon.

She returned to Gibraltar on 19 October, together with her sisters ''Faulknor'' and . The ship escorted the carriers and ''Ark Royal'' during Operations Coat and White in November. ''Fury'' escorted Force F to Malta during Operation Collar later in the month and participated in the inconclusive Battle of Cape Spartivento on 27 November, where she was part of the screen for the battlecruiser and the battleship . In January 1941, the ship screened Force H during Operation Excess. At the end of the month, Force H departed Gibraltar to carry out Operation Picket, an unsuccessful night torpedo attack by eight of ''Ark Royal''s Fairey Swordfish on the Tirso Dam in Sardinia. The British ships returned to Gibraltar on 4 February and began preparing for Operation Grog, a naval bombardment of Genoa, that was successfully carried out five days later. The following month ''Fury'' underwent a brief refit at Malta. At the end of March, together with the light cruiser and three other destroyers, the ship attempted to intercept a Vichy French convoy that included the freighter , supposedly laden with of rubber, which had already been unloaded. Her sister was ordered to board and capture ''Bangkok'', but she was thwarted by gunfire from a coast-defence battery off the port of Nemours, Algeria. A few days later, ''Fury'' and four other destroyers escorted ''Sheffield'', ''Renown'', and ''Ark Royal'' in Operation Winch, which delivered a dozen Hurricane fighters to Malta. Beginning on 24 April, ''Fury'' and Force H covered ''Argus'' flying off more Hurricanes as well as the destroyers of the 5th Destroyer Flotilla sailing to Malta.

In early May she was part of the destroyer screen with five other destroyers for the battleship , and the light cruisers , and which were joining the Mediterranean Fleet. This was part of Operation Tiger which included a supply convoy taking tanks to the Middle East and the transfer of warships. ''Fury'' and her sisters had their Two-Speed Destroyer Sweep (TSDS) minesweeping gear rigged to allow them to serve as fast minesweepers en route to Malta. Despite this, one merchant ship was sunk by mines and another damaged. Later that month, she participated in Operation Splice, another mission in which the carriers ''Ark Royal'' and flew off fighters for Malta. Force H was ordered to join the escort of Convoy WS 8B in the North Atlantic on 24 May, after the Battle of the Denmark Strait on 23 May, but they were directed to search for the and the heavy cruiser on 25 May. Heavy seas increased fuel consumption for all of the escorts and ''Forester'' was forced to return to Gibraltar to refuel later that day before rejoining the capital ships of Force H on 29 May, after ''Bismarck'' had been tracked down and sunk. In early June the destroyer participated in two more aircraft delivery missions to Malta (Operations Rocket and Tracer). On 22 June, the 8th DF was tasked to intercept a German supply ship spotted heading towards the French coast. The next day they intercepted which was scuttled by her crew upon the approach of the British ships. They rescued 78 British POWs taken from ships sunk by German raiders and the crew. In late June, ''Fury'' screened ''Ark Royal'' and ''Furious'' as they flew off more fighters for Malta in Operation Railway.

Another Malta convoy (Operation Substance) was conducted in mid-July, heavily escorted by Force H and elements of the Home Fleet and another in early August (Operation Style), albeit with only Force H covering the convoy. Several weeks later, ''Fury'' participated in Operation Mincemeat, during which Force H escorted a minelayer to Livorno to lay its mines while ''Ark Royal''s aircraft attacked Northern Sardinia as a diversion. In late September, the destroyer escorted another convoy to Malta in Operation Halberd.

Arctic Waters 1942–1943

''Fury'' was transferred home in October and briefly joined the Greenock Special Escort Division. By December she had rejoined the 8th DF of the Home Fleet and began a refit in a Humber shipyard. On 15 February 1942 she rejoined the 8th Flotilla at Scapa Flow for service with the Russian convoys.English, p. 87 In March ''Fury'' escorted the covering force for Convoy QP 6 and Convoy PQ 12. On 11–14 March, together with seven other destroyers, she attempted to intercept the as the latter sailed from Narvik to Trondheim. The Germans spotted the destroyer force and delayed ''Tirpitz''s sailing date to avoid them. ''Fury'' and the destroyer escorted Convoy PQ 13 beginning on 23 March, later reinforced by the light cruiser . A severe storm from 25 to 27 March caused the convoy to scatter and the escorts were detailed to find the stragglers and reassemble the convoy. ''Fury'' had to find and refuel the converted whaler ''Sumba'' in response to her message that she was low on fuel and found the merchantman en route as she rejoined the convoy the next day. On the morning of 29 March, ''Trinidad'' and ''Fury'' encountered the German destroyers , , and as they attempted to rendezvous with another part of the scattered convoy. The leading destroyer, ''Z26'', was badly damaged when ''Trinidad'' opened fire and attempted to break contact, but was tracked by the cruiser's radar and re-engaged at a range of . ''Trinidad'' fired one torpedo at ''Z26'', but it circled around and struck the cruiser. The detonation caused her speed to drop to and allowed the German ship to disengage. ''Fury'' pursued her until they encountered the convoy and ''Fury'' turned back to screen ''Trinidad'' after firing two salvoes by mistake at ''Eclipse''. ''Fury'' then escorted ''Trinidad'' into the Kola Inlet where they arrived the following morning.

''Fury'' remained in Murmansk until 10 March, when she screened Convoy QP 10 through to Iceland. She escorted the distant cover force of the Home Fleet as ''Trinidad'' attempted to sail home from Murmansk in mid-May, but the cruiser was sunk en route by German bombers. ''Fury'' then was a part of the screen of Home Fleet as it provided distant cover for Convoys PQ 16 and QP 12 later in the month. The ship was assigned as part of the close escort for Convoy QP 17 at the end of June. En route she made an unsuccessful attack on with the destroyer and corvette on 2 July, before the convoy was ordered to disperse under the threat of German surface attack.

''Fury'' returned to the Mediterranean in early August, and was one of the close escorts of Force X for Operation Pedestal in mid-August. As the convoy passed through the Sicilian Narrows between Tunisia and Sicily, the ship used her TSDS gear to sweep for mines. During the early morning of 13 August, she unsuccessfully attempted to engage the as the latter was firing two torpedoes that sank the freighter . ''Fury'' then escorted the damaged ''Nelson'' back to the UK for repairs.

On 9 September 1942 she joined the escort for Convoy PQ 18, but was detached from it on 17 September to escort the returning Convoy QP 14. The ship was given a brief refit on the Humber in November before resuming convoys to Russia. The following month, ''Fury'' escorted the Convoys JW 51A and RA 51 to and from Murmansk then Convoy RA 53 in February 1943.

1943–1944

In mid-March recent successes by U-boats caused the Admiralty to transfer destroyers from the Home Fleet to escort duties in the North Atlantic. ''Fury'' was one of these and was assigned to the 4th Escort Group. In April the group escorted Convoys HX 231, HX 234 and ONS 5 (where they drove off attacking U-boat wolfpacks). In May she escorted ON 184 before beginning a brief refit on the Humber.

On 17 June, ''Fury'' escorted Home Fleet units to reinforce the Mediterranean Fleet for the Sicily landings. On 10 July she formed part of the covering force for the landings. On 1 September she screened the battleships and ''Valiant'' and the light cruisers and as they bombarded Reggio Calabria in support of Operation Baytown, the occupation of southernmost mainland Italy. A week later, she was part of the covering force for the landings at Salerno. After the surrender of Italy, ''Fury'' was one of the ships that escorted units of the Italian Fleet into Malta for their surrender and then to Alexandria, Egypt, arriving on 17 September.

A few days later, the ship was assigned to support Allied forces in the Dodecanese Campaign. On 20–21 September, she loaded of supplies and 340 men of the Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment at Haifa, Palestine, to reinforce the British garrison on Leros. ''Fury'', ''Faulknor'' and ''Eclipse'' were diverted from the campaign on 1 October to escort the battleships and from Alexandria to Malta. Six days later, the three destroyers screened the light cruisers and as they patrolled the Dodecanese searching for German shipping, although ''Eclipse'' had to return to Alexandria early for repairs to her steering. On the morning of 7 October, they encountered a small convoy south of Levitha. The cruisers sank the escorting trawler ''Uj 2111'' while the destroyers sank the 5,216-GRT freighter ; all of the ships engaged the barges at very short range and sank six of the seven. As the ships withdrew, they were repeatedly attacked by German aircraft which damaged ''Penelope''. On the night of 15/16 November she bombarded Leros with the destroyers and On 29 November, ''Fury'' helped to escort the recently torpedoed ''Birmingham'' to Alexandria.

In December she was converted at Gibraltar for use as a convoy escort in a refit that lasted until February 1944. Upon its completion, the ship rejoined the 8th DF in the Mediterranean for several months before rejoining the Home Fleet where they arrived on 11 May. After several weeks of training in preparation for her role as a shore bombardment ship during the Normandy landings, ''Fury'' sailed from Scapa to Portsmouth on 26 May. The ship was assigned to Bombardment Force E, supporting Juno Beach and the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division and No. 48 (Royal Marine) Commando assaulting the beach.

''Fury'' and ''Faulknor'' left the Solent on 5 June as the escort for the minesweepers of Convoy J-1. She arrived at the beachhead and took up her bombardment position on 6 June where, along with ''Faulknor'' and the destroyers , and the Free French-manned '' La Combattante'', she carried out a preliminary bombardment of the area west of Courseulles and then gunfire support as requested. The ship returned to Portsmouth periodically to reammunition and resupply as needed.

At 10:38 on the morning of 21 June, ''Fury'' detonated a ground mine off Juno Beach during a gale

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