
The greater trochanter of the
femur
The femur (; : femurs or femora ), or thigh bone is the only long bone, bone in the thigh — the region of the lower limb between the hip and the knee. In many quadrupeds, four-legged animals the femur is the upper bone of the hindleg.
The Femo ...
is a large, irregular, quadrilateral eminence and a part of the skeletal system.
It is directed lateral and medially and slightly posterior. In the adult it is about 2–4 cm lower than the
femoral head
The femoral head (femur head or head of the femur) is the highest part of the thigh bone (femur
The femur (; : femurs or femora ), or thigh bone is the only long bone, bone in the thigh — the region of the lower limb between the hip and the ...
.
[Standring, Susan, editor. ''Gray’s Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice''. Forty-First edition, Elsevier Limited, 2016, p. 1327.] Because the pelvic outlet in the female is larger than in the male, there is a greater distance between the greater
trochanters in the female.
It has two surfaces and four borders. It is a traction
epiphysis
An epiphysis (; : epiphyses) is one of the rounded ends or tips of a long bone that ossify from one or more secondary centers of ossification. Between the epiphysis and diaphysis (the long midsection of the long bone) lies the metaphysis, inc ...
.
Surfaces
The ''lateral surface'', quadrilateral in form, is broad, rough, convex, and marked by a diagonal impression, which extends from the postero-superior to the antero-inferior angle, and serves for the insertion of the tendon of the
gluteus medius.
Above the impression is a triangular surface, sometimes rough for part of the tendon of the same muscle, sometimes smooth for the interposition of a bursa between the tendon and the bone. Below and behind the diagonal impression is a smooth triangular surface, over which the tendon of the
gluteus maximus
The gluteus maximus is the main extensor muscle of the hip in humans. It is the largest and outermost of the three gluteal muscles and makes up a large part of the shape and appearance of each side of the hips. It is the single largest muscle in ...
lies, a
bursa
Bursa () is a city in northwestern Turkey and the administrative center of Bursa Province. The fourth-most populous city in Turkey and second-most populous in the Marmara Region, Bursa is one of the industrial centers of the country. Most of ...
being interposed.
The ''medial surface'', of much less extent than the lateral, presents at its base a deep depression, the
trochanteric fossa (digital fossa), for the insertion of the tendon of the
obturator externus
The external obturator muscle or obturator externus muscle (; OE) is a flat, triangular muscle, which covers the outer surface of the anterior wall of the pelvis.
It is sometimes considered part of the medial compartment of thigh, and sometime ...
, and above and in front of this an impression for the insertion of the
obturator internus
The internal obturator muscle or obturator internus muscle originates on the medial surface of the obturator membrane, the ischium near the membrane, and the rim of the pubis (bone), pubis.
It exits the pelvis, pelvic cavity through the lesser sc ...
and
superior and
inferior gemellus muscle
The gemelli muscles are the inferior gemellus muscle
and the superior gemellus muscle, two small accessory fasciculi to the tendon of the internal obturator muscle. The gemelli muscles belong to the lateral rotator group of six muscles of the hi ...
s.
Borders
The ''superior border'' is free; it is thick and irregular, and marked near the center by an impression for the insertion of the
piriformis.
The ''inferior border'' corresponds to the line of junction of the base of the trochanter with the lateral surface of the body; it is marked by a rough, prominent, slightly curved ridge, which gives origin to the upper part of the
vastus lateralis
The vastus lateralis (), also called the vastus externus, is the largest and most powerful part of the quadriceps femoris, a muscle in the thigh. Together with other muscles of the quadriceps group, it serves to extend the knee joint, moving the ...
.
The ''anterior border'' is prominent and somewhat irregular; it affords insertion at its lateral part to the
gluteus minimus.
The ''posterior border'' is very prominent and appears as a free, rounded edge, which bounds the back part of the
trochanteric fossa.
Additional images
File:Gray244.png, Right femur. Anterior surface.
File:Gray245.png, Right femur. Posterior surface.
File:Gray339.png, Right hip-joint from the front.
File:Gray343.png, Capsule of hip-joint (distended). Posterior aspect.
File:Gray544.png, The arteries of the gluteal and posterior femoral regions.
File:Slide2DAD.JPG, Hip joint. Lateral view. Greater trochanter.
See also
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Third trochanter
In human anatomy, the third trochanter is a bony projection occasionally present on the proximal femur near the superior border of the gluteal tuberosity. When present, it is oblong, rounded, or conical in shape and sometimes continuous with the ...
References
External links
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Bones of the lower limb
Femur