The golden shiner virus is an aquatic

virus A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living Cell (biology), cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Viruses are ...

that infects a

bait fish 300px, Feeder Goldfish are common baitfish. Bait fish (or baitfish) are small-sized fish caught and used by anglers as bait to attract larger predatory fish, particularly game fish. Baitfish species are typically those that are common and bre ...

known as the

golden shiner The golden shiner (''Notemigonus crysoleucas'') is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae. This fish occurs in Eastern North America. It is the sole member of its genus. Commonly used as a bait fish, it is pr ...

and to a lesser extent, aquatic animals like crustaceans and molluscs.Attoui, H., Fang, Q., Jaafar, F.M., Cantaloube, J., Biagini, P., de Micco, P. & de Lamballerie, X. 2002, "Common evolutionary origin of aquareoviruses and orthoreoviruses revealed by genome characterization of Golden shiner reovirus, Grass carp reovirus, Striped bass reovirus and golden ide reovirus (genus Aquareovirus, family Reoviridae)", Journal of General Virology, vol. 83, no. 8, pp. 1941-1951. It causes death through a

hemorrhagic shock Hypovolemic shock is a form of shock caused by severe hypovolemia (insufficient blood volume or extracellular fluid in the body). It can be caused by severe dehydration or blood loss. Hypovolemic shock is a medical emergency; if left untreated, ...

. Symptoms include bleeding from the back eyes and the head. The virus is 70 nm in diameter and replicates best at 20-30 degrees Celsius. The virus has properties similar to those of the pancreatic necrosis virus. This could mean that golden shiners are more susceptible in the summer.Schwedler, T. & Plumb, J. 1982, "In vitro growth kinetics and thermostability of the golden shiner virus", Journal of Wildlife Diseases, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 441-446.

Virus genome

The

genome A genome is all the genetic information of an organism. It consists of nucleotide sequences of DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses). The nuclear genome includes protein-coding genes and non-coding genes, other functional regions of the genome such as ...

is packed into the

virus core A capsid is the protein shell of a virus, enclosing its genetic material. It consists of several oligomeric (repeating) structural subunits made of protein called protomers. The observable 3-dimensional morphological subunits, which may or ma ...

and is encased in a double layered

icosahedral capsid A capsid is the protein shell of a virus, enclosing its genetic material. It consists of several oligomeric (repeating) structural subunits made of protein called protomers. The observable 3-dimensional morphological subunits, which may or may ...

that is similar to the

orthoreovirus ''Orthoreovirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the family ''Reoviridae'', in the subfamily ''Spinareovirinae''. Vertebrates serve as natural hosts. There are ten species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include mild upper respirato ...

capsid. This genome has 11 segments like the

rotavirus Rotaviruses are the most common cause of diarrhea, diarrhoeal disease among infants and young children. Nearly every child in the world is infected with a rotavirus at least once by the age of five. Immunity (medical), Immunity develops with ...

es. Each genome has a 5' end motif of (GUUAUU) and (UUCAUC) motif at the 3' end. There are 11

open reading frames In molecular biology, reading frames are defined as spans of DNA sequence between the start and stop codons. Usually, this is considered within a studied region of a prokaryotic DNA sequence, where only one of the six possible reading frames wil ...

. Segments 1-3 encode viral

proteins Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, re ...

(VP)1-3, segments 4,7,8,9 and 11 code for non-structural proteins, segments 6 and 10 are for coding outer-capsid proteins. Lastly, segment 5 encodes an

enzyme An enzyme () is a protein that acts as a biological catalyst by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrate (chemistry), substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different mol ...

protein NTPase.

References

* Attoui, H., Fang, Q., Jaafar, F.M., Cantaloube, J., Biagini, P., de Micco, P. & de Lamballerie, X. 2002, "Common evolutionary origin of aquareoviruses and orthoreoviruses revealed by genome characterization of Golden shiner reovirus, Grass carp reovirus, Striped bass reovirus and golden ide reovirus (genus Aquareovirus, family Reoviridae)", Journal of General Virology, vol. 83, no. 8, pp. 1941–1951. * Schwedler, T. & Plumb, J. 1982, "In vitro growth kinetics and thermostability of the golden shiner virus", Journal of Wildlife Diseases, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 441–446.

External links

A table
{{Taxonbar, from=Q5580056 Reoviruses