Geoplaninae is a subfamily of

land planarians Geoplanidae is a family of flatworms known commonly as land planarians or land flatworms. These flatworms are mainly predators of other invertebrates, which they hunt, attack and capture using physical force and the adhesive and digestive proper ...

endemic to the Neotropical region. However, one species, ''

Obama nungara ''Obama nungara'' is a species of land planarian in the family Geoplanidae. It is native to South America, but has been introduced in Europe. Description ''Obama nungara'' is a medium-sized land planarian with a lanceolate body, being up t ...

'' has been introduced in

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a subcontinent of Eurasia and it is located enti ...

Description

The subfamily Geoplaninae was initially defined by Ogren and Kawakatsu (1990)Ogren, R. E. and Kawakatsu, M. (1990). ''Index to the species of the family Geoplanidae (Turbellaria, Tricladida, Terricola) Part I: Geoplaninae.'' Bulletin of Fujis Women's College. 29: 79-166. for land planarians which have a broad

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, mouth in the second half of the body, dorsal testes, subepithelial longitudinal musculature well developed and parenchymal longitudinal musculature absent or not well developed. The eyes contour the anterior region in a single row and posteriorly form several rows, which may spread onto the dorsum, and extend to the posterior end of the body. However, most, if not all, of these characteristics are not exclusive and cannot be considered a

synapomorphy In phylogenetics, an apomorphy (or derived trait) is a novel character or character state that has evolved from its ancestral form (or plesiomorphy). A synapomorphy is an apomorphy shared by two or more taxa and is therefore hypothesized to hav ...

of the group. Some characteristics have also been reverted in some genera. Nevertheless, phylogenetic studies have revealed that Geoplaninae is indeed a monophyletic group.

Genera

Currently the land planarians in the subfamily Geoplaninae are grouped into 9 tribes and 37 genera:

Adinoplanini

*'' Adinoplana''

Geoplanini

*'' Amaga'' *'' Anophthalmoplana'' *'' Barreirana'' *'' Bogga'' *''

Cephaloflexa ''Cephaloflexa'' is a genus of land planarian Geoplanidae is a family of flatworms known commonly as land planarians or land flatworms. These flatworms are mainly predators of other invertebrates, which they hunt, attack and capture using ph ...

'' *'' Choeradoplana'' *''

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'' *'' Difroehlichia'' *'' Geobia'' *'' Geoplana'' *'' Gigantea'' *'' Imbira'' *''

Issoca ''Issoca'' is a genus of land planarians from Brazil. Description Species of the genus ''Issoca'' are characterized by the presence of a spoon-shaped head having a cephalic retractor muscle, which allows those animals to pull their anterior e ...

'' *'' Luteostriata'' *''

Matuxia ''Matuxia'' is a genus of land planarians from Brazil. Description The genus ''Matuxia'' is characterized by having a slender body with nearly parallel margins, reaching up to 12 cm in length, and being slightly convex on both dorsal and ...

'' *'' Notogynaphallia'' *''

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'' *''

Paraba ''Paraba'' is a genus of land planarians from South America. Description Species of the genus ''Paraba'' have a slender body with nearly parallel margins while creeping. The largest specimens may reach about 8 cm in length. The copulato ...

'' *'' Pasipha'' *'' Piima'' *''

Pseudogeoplana ''Pseudogeoplana'' is a genus of land planarian Geoplanidae is a family of flatworms known commonly as land planarians or land flatworms. These flatworms are mainly predators of other invertebrates, which they hunt, attack and capture using p ...

'' *''

Supramontana ''Supramontana'' is a genus of land planarians from South America. Description The genus ''Supramontana'' is characterized by the presence of a cephalic retractor muscle not associated with cephalic glands. This muscle is similar to the one f ...

'' *'' Transandiplana'' *'' Winsoria'' *''

Xerapoa ''Xerapoa'' is a genus of land planarians from Brazil. Description The genus ''Xerapoa'' includes small-sized land planarians with subcylindrical body and anterior end raised. Usually the sensory pits of the anterior region open at the tip of ...

Gusanini

*''

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Haranini

*'' Harana''

Inakayaliini

*'' Inakayalia''

Myoplanini

*'' Myoplana''

Polycladini

*''

Polycladus ''Polycladus'' is a genus of land planarians from South America. Description ''Polycladus'' is a very understudied genus of land planarians. It was defined as land planarians with a wide, flat and leaf-like body, having the entire ventral sur ...

Sarcoplanini

*''

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'' *'' Mapuplana'' *'' Pichidamas'' *'' Sarcoplana'' *'' Wallmapuplana''

Timymini

*''

Timyma ''Timyma'' is a genus of land planarians from Chile. It is the sole genus of the subfamily Timyminae. Description The genus ''Timyma'' includes planarians of elongate body and spatula-like anterior end. Although most land planarians native fr ...

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q10288921 Geoplanidae