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Geoplanini
Geoplanini is a tribe of land planarians in the subfamily Geoplaninae. Description The tribe Geoplanini includes all genera of Geoplaninae that occur east of the Andes plus the Chilean genus '' Transandiplana''. However, there are no currently known synapomorphies uniting these genera, and this group is supported solely on the basis of molecular analyses. Genera The tribe Geoplanini contains 26 genera: *'' Amaga'' *'' Anophthalmoplana'' *''Barreirana'' *'' Bogga'' *'' Cephaloflexa'' *''Choeradoplana'' *'' Cratera'' *''Difroehlichia'' *''Geobia'' *''Geoplana'' *'' Gigantea'' *''Imbira'' *'' Issoca'' *''Liana'' *''Luteostriata'' *'' Matuxia'' *''Notogynaphallia'' *''Obama'' *'' Paraba'' *''Pasipha'' *'' Piima'' *'' Pseudogeoplana'' *'' Supramontana'' *'' Transandiplana'' *'' Winsoria'' *''Xerapoa ''Xerapoa'' is a genus of land planarians from Brazil. Description The genus ''Xerapoa'' includes small-sized land planarians with subcylindrical body and a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geoplaninae
Geoplaninae is a subfamily of land planarians endemic to the Neotropical region. However, one species, ''Obama nungara'' has been introduced in Europe. Description The subfamily Geoplaninae was initially defined by Ogren and Kawakatsu (1990)Ogren, R. E. and Kawakatsu, M. (1990). ''Index to the species of the family Geoplanidae (Turbellaria, Tricladida, Terricola) Part I: Geoplaninae.'' Bulletin of Fujis Women's College. 29: 79-166. for land planarians which have a broad creeping sole, mouth in the second half of the body, dorsal testes, subepithelial longitudinal musculature well developed and parenchymal longitudinal musculature absent or not well developed. The eyes contour the anterior region in a single row and posteriorly form several rows, which may spread onto the dorsum, and extend to the posterior end of the body. However, most, if not all, of these characteristics are not exclusive and cannot be considered a synapomorphy of the group. Some characteristics have also been ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amaga (genus)
''Amaga'' is a genus of land planarians from South America. Description The genus ''Amaga'' was erected by Robert E. Ogren and Masaharu Kawakatsu to include Neotropical land planarians with an intra-antral penis papilla, i.e., a small penis papilla at the proximal end of a folded male atrium. A recent redescription of the type species, ''Amaga amagensis'', revealed that the intra-antral penis papilla is not a permanent structure as previously thought. A new diagnosis of the genus describes it as Geoplaninid land planarians with a large and broad, flat body and a well-developed glandular margin, i.e., several glands discharge along the margins of the body, which can be observed in histological sections. The testes are located at the dorsum, above the parenchymal transverse muscles, while most species in the subfamily Geoplaninae have dorsal testes beneath the parenchymal transverse muscles. The copulatory apparatus lacks a permanent penis and the ovovitelline ducts enter th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Land Planarians
Geoplanidae is a family of flatworms known commonly as land planarians or land flatworms. These flatworms are mainly predators of other invertebrates, which they hunt, attack and capture using physical force and the adhesive and digestive properties of their mucus. They lack water-retaining mechanisms and are therefore very sensitive to humidity variations of their environment. Because of their strict ecological requirements, some species have been proposed as indicators of the conservation state of their habitats. They are generally animals with low vagility (dispersal ability) and with very specific habitat requirements, so they can be also used to accurately determine the distribution of biogeographic realms. Today the fauna of these animals is being studied to select conservation priorities in the Atlantic rainforest in Brazil. At the other extreme, one species in this family, ''Platydemus manokwari'' has become an invasive species in both disturbed and wild habitats in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supramontana
''Supramontana'' is a genus of land planarians from South America. Description The genus ''Supramontana'' is characterized by the presence of a cephalic retractor muscle not associated with cephalic glands. This muscle is similar to the one found in the genera '' Issoca'' and ''Luteostriata'', but in ''Supramontana'' the organ lacks cephalic glands, which are present in the other two genera. The copulatory apparatus of ''Supramontana'' has a permanent penis papilla and a long common ovovitelloduct. Etymology The name ''Supramontana'' comes from the Latin words ''supra'' (on the top) and ''montanus'' (of the mountains). It is a reference to the type-locality of '' Supramontana irritata'', the city of São Francisco de Paula, in Southern Brazil, whose previous name was São Francisco de Paula ''de Cima da Serra'' (on the top of the mountains). Species There are two described species in the genus ''Supramontana'': *'' Supramontana argentina'' Negrete et al., 2014 *'' Su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudogeoplana
''Pseudogeoplana'' is a genus of land planarian Geoplanidae is a family of flatworms known commonly as land planarians or land flatworms. These flatworms are mainly predators of other invertebrates, which they hunt, attack and capture using physical force and the adhesive and digestive proper ...s of the subfamily Geoplaninae. It was erected to include species lacking sufficient morphological information to allow them to be classified in the appropriate genus. Taxonomy Many land planarian species described during the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century were classified based solely on external characters. Currently, the land planarian genera are highly based on their internal anatomy, especially the anatomy of the copulatory apparatus. As a result, species with old descriptions that were never redescribed, so that their internal anatomy remains unknown, cannot be assigned to the correct genus. Thus, the genus ''Pseudogeoplana'' was erected ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pasipha
''Pasipha'' is a genus of land planarians from South America. Description Species of the genus ''Pasipha'' have a slender and flattened body with parallel margins while creeping. The copulatory apparatus lacks a permanent penis, having a long and highly folded male atrium instead. The prostatic vesicle is located outside the muscular coat of the copulatory apparatus and divided in two portions. The female canal enters the genital antrum ventrally. Species The following species are recognised in the genus ''Pasipha'': *'' Pasipha albicaudata'' *'' Pasipha aphalla'' *'' Pasipha astraea'' *'' Pasipha atla'' *'' Pasipha backesi'' *'' Pasipha brevilineata'' *'' Pasipha caeruleonigra'' *'' Pasipha cafusa'' *''Pasipha carajaensis'' *'' Pasipha chilensis'' *'' Pasipha chimbeva'' *''Pasipha diminutiva'' *''Pasipha ercilla'' *''Pasipha ferrariaphila'' *''Pasipha hauseri'' *''Pasipha johnsoni'' *''Pasipha liviae'' *''Pasipha mbya'' *''Pasipha mesoxantha'' *''Pasip ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paraba
''Paraba'' is a genus of land planarians from South America. Description Species of the genus ''Paraba'' have a slender body with nearly parallel margins while creeping. The largest specimens may reach about 8 cm in length. The copulatory apparatus has a permanent conical penis occupying the entire male cavity and the female cavity is rounded and filled with a multilayered epithelium Epithelium or epithelial tissue is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue. It is a thin, continuous, protective layer of compactly packed cells with a little intercellul .... Etymology ''Paraba'' means multicolored in the Tupi language and alludes to the name of the type-species, ''Paraba multicolor''. Species The following species are recognised in the genus ''Paraba'': *'' Paraba aurantia'' *'' Paraba bresslaui'' *'' Paraba caapora'' *'' Paraba cassula'' *'' Paraba franciscana'' *'' Paraba gaucha'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Obama (genus)
''Obama'' is a genus of land planarians from South America. It contains several species adapted to human-disturbed environments, including the only invasive land planarian native to the Neotropical realm, ''Obama nungara'', which has been accidentally introduced in Europe. Description The genus ''Obama'' is characterized by having a leaf-shaped body. Most species are about long, but some may reach over . The hundreds of eyes distributed along the body are of two types: monolobulated, which are simple and circular, and trilobulated, which have three lobes. The copulatory apparatus of ''Obama'' has a protrusible penis occupying the entire male atrium or most of it. Morphologically the genus can be divided in two subgroups depending on the shape of the penis papilla, which may be symmetrical or asymmetrical. The group with an asymmetrical penis papilla includes 10 species (''O. anthropophilla'', ''O. carbayoi'', ''O. carrierei'', ''O. decidualis'', ''O. josefi'', ''O. ladislav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Notogynaphallia
''Notogynaphallia'' is a genus of land planarians from South America. Description The genus ''Notogynaphallia'' is characterized by having a small-to-medium, slender body with nearly parallel margins. The eyes are arranged along the body margins and may or not spread to the dorsum. The copulatory apparatus lacks a permanent penis, i. e., the penis is formed during copulation by folds in the male atrium. The male part of the copulatory apparatus also lacks an ejaculatory duct, so that the prostatic vesicle opens directly into the male atrium. The female atrium is usually irregular and narrow and the ovovitelline ducts join each other behind it. Etymology The name ''Notogynaphallia'' comes from Greek ''νότος'' (back) + ''γυνή'' (female) + ''ἀ'' (without) + ''φαλλός'' (phallus, penis), i.e., "dorsal female without penis", referring to ovovitelline ducts entering the female atrium dorsally and the absence of a permanent penis. Species The following species a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matuxia
''Matuxia'' is a genus of land planarians from Brazil. Description The genus ''Matuxia'' is characterized by having a slender body with nearly parallel margins, reaching up to 12 cm in length, and being slightly convex on both dorsal and ventral sides. The eyes are arranged along the body margins, not occupying the dorsum. The copulatory apparatus has an apparent penis papilla, a structure similar to a true penis papilla, but having an ejaculatory cavity instead of an ejaculatory duct. The female cavity is rounded and filled with a multilayered epithelium. Etymology ''Matuxia'' is a portmanteau of the specific epithets of the two first species of the genus to be described, ''matuta'' and ''tuxaua'', and the first name of Eudóxia Maria Froehlich Eudóxia Maria Froehlich (21 October 1928 – 26 September 2015) was a Brazilian zoologist. Life Born in 1928, Eudóxia Maria de Oliveira Pinto was the daughter of Alice Alves de Camargo and the ornithologist Olivério M� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
