INSAT-4E, also known as GSAT-6, is a member of the INSAT family and is a multimedia communication satellite that will offer a Satellite Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (S-DMB) service across several digital multimedia terminals or consoles which can be used to provide information services to vehicles on the fly and to the mobile phones. The satellite can be used for other social and strategic applications.

Satellite

Render of GSAT-6 spacecraft in deployed configuration

INSAT-4E has five C x S transponders each of 9 MHz bandwidth and five S x C transponders each of 2.7 MHz bandwidth which will together cover the entire country. GSAT-6 uses a 0.8 meter (fixed) and one 6 meter S-Band unfurlable antenna (transmit and receive). The unfurlable antenna weighing 18 kg has CFRP truss construction with aluminium alloy joints and its parabolic gold plated molybdenum mesh is supported and shaped by cable mesh structures. The cost of GSAT-6 satellite is ₹232 crore and it is identical in configuration to

GSAT-6A GSAT-6A was a communication satellite launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It featured a unfurlable S-band antenna similar to the one used on GSAT-6. Around 17 minutes after lift-off, the three stage GSLV Mk.II rocket flyi ...

which was launched later.

Launch

ISRO successfully launched INSAT-4E on 27 August 2015, using a GSLV D6 Mk.II rocket flying from the

Satish Dhawan Space Centre Satish Dhawan Space Centre – SDSC (formerly Sriharikota Range – SHAR) is the primary spaceport of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), located in Sriharikota, Tirupati district, Andhra Pradesh. The spaceport is located on an isl ...

and inserted into a

Geostationary Transfer Orbit In space mission design, a geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) or geosynchronous transfer orbit is a highly elliptical type of geocentric orbit, usually with a perigee as low as low Earth orbit (LEO) and an apogee as high as geostationary orbit ...

(GTO) with injection parameters of 170 km x 35945 km, 19.96 degree inclination. The cost of launch vehicle was around ₹276 crore.

Orbit raising

Maneuvers to move the satellite into its designated geosynchronous orbit at 83 degrees East longitude were initiated on 28 August 2015 by firing motors on board the GSAT-6 satellite. The GSAT-6 satellite's Liquid Apogee Motor (LAM) was fired for 3385 seconds at 08:35 hours IST on August 28 during the first

orbit raising In celestial mechanics, an orbit (also known as orbital revolution) is the curved trajectory of an object such as the trajectory of a planet around a star, or of a natural satellite around a planet, or of an artificial satellite around an ...

operation and modified the satellite orbit to 8,408 km (perigee height) by 35,708 km (apogee height) with an inclination of 7.5 degree and an orbital period of 13 hours, 15 minutes and 24 seconds. Second orbit raising operation of GSAT-6 was successfully completed by firing the Apogee Motor for 2663 seconds at 11:10:53 hours IST on Aug 29, 2015. Realized orbit was 26,998 km (perigee height) by 35,682 km (apogee height) with an inclination of 0.115 degree and an orbital period of 20 hours and 15 minutes. Third orbit raising operation of GSAT-6 was successfully completed by firing the Apogee Motor for 580.32 seconds at 07:46 hours IST on Aug 30, 2015. Deployment of the unfurlable antenna (UFA) also successfully completed with this. The satellite was at 78 degrees east longitude and was drifting towards its final slot at 83 degrees east. GSAT-6 was successfully positioned in its orbital slot of 83 degree east and collocated with INSAT-4A, GSAT-12,

GSAT-10 GSAT-10 is an Indian communication satellite which was launched by Ariane-5ECA carrier rocket in September 2012. It has 12 Ku band, 12 C-band and 6 lower extended C-band transponders, and included a navigation payload to augment GAGAN capacit ...

and

IRNSS-1C IRNSS-1C is the third out of seven in the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) series of satellites after IRNSS-1A and IRNSS-1B. The IRNSS constellation of satellites is slated to be launched to provide navigational services to th ...

on September 6, 2015, morning, after carrying out four drift arresting maneuvers.

Under-utilization of GSAT-6

According to

Comptroller and Auditor General of India The Comptroller and Auditor General of India (ISO: ''Bhārata kē Niyaṁtraka ēvaṁ Mahālēkhāparīkṣaka'') is the supreme audit institution of India, established under Article 148 of the Constitution of India. They are empowered to au ...

report submitted to parliament in 20 December 2022, the GSAT-6 satellite has remained largely underutilized since its launch in August 2015 which is almost half of the expected operational life of 12 years. The audit observed the lack of coordination between

Department of Space The Department of Space (DoS) is an Indian government department responsible for administration of the Indian space programme. It manages several agencies and institutes related to space exploration and space technologies. The Indian space pr ...

and

DRDO The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) is an agency under the Department of Defence Research and Development in the Ministry of Defence of the Government of India, charged with the military's research and development, headqu ...

and the delay in establishing ground segment by DRDO as the reason behind this disuse. According to

the 20 per cent of the GSAT-6 capacity was used for its research projects and societal applications but was not aware of the status of utilization of the remaining capacity.

References

External links