French Frigate Sibylle (1792)
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''Sibylle'' was a 38-gun of the
French Navy The French Navy (, , ), informally (, ), is the Navy, maritime arm of the French Armed Forces and one of the four military service branches of History of France, France. It is among the largest and most powerful List of navies, naval forces i ...
. She was launched in 1791 at the dockyards in
Toulon Toulon (, , ; , , ) is a city in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of southeastern France. Located on the French Riviera and the historical Provence, it is the prefecture of the Var (department), Var department. The Commune of Toulon h ...
and placed in service in 1792. After the 50-gun
fourth rate In 1603 all English warships with a complement of fewer than 160 men were known as 'small ships'. In 1625/26 to establish pay rates for officers, a six-tier naval ship rating system was introduced.Winfield 2009 These small ships were divided ...
captured her in 1794, the British took her into service as HMS ''Sybille''. She served in the
Royal Navy The Royal Navy (RN) is the naval warfare force of the United Kingdom. It is a component of His Majesty's Naval Service, and its officers hold their commissions from the King of the United Kingdom, King. Although warships were used by Kingdom ...
until disposed of in 1833. While in British service, ''Sybille'' participated in three notable single-ship actions, in each case capturing a French vessel. On anti-slavery duties off West Africa from July 1827 to June 1830, ''Sybille'' captured many slavers and freed some 3,500 slaves. She was finally sold in 1833 in Portsmouth.


French service

From 23 April 1790 to October–December 1792, ''Sibylle'' escorted a convoy and transferred funds from Toulon to
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, first under
Capitaine de vaisseau Captain is the name most often given in English-speaking navy, navies to the rank corresponding to command of the largest ships. The rank is equal to the army rank of colonel and air force rank of group captain. Equivalent ranks worldwide in ...
(CV) Grasse-Briançon and then CV de Venel. From March 1793 to January 1794, under CV Rondeau, she escorted convoys between Toulon and
Marseilles Marseille (; ; see below) is a city in southern France, the prefecture of the department of Bouches-du-Rhône and of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Situated in the Provence region, it is located on the coast of the Mediterranean S ...
and then she moved to the Levant station. She cruised the
Aegean Sea The Aegean Sea is an elongated embayment of the Mediterranean Sea between Europe and Asia. It is located between the Balkans and Anatolia, and covers an area of some . In the north, the Aegean is connected to the Marmara Sea, which in turn con ...
, and in June 1794 she was escorting a convoy from
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to
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. On 17 June, as ''Sybille'' was anchored in Miconi along with three merchantmen bound for Cadiz, a British convoy escorted by , under Captain Paget, and three frigates appeared. ''Romney'' approached and demanded that ''Sibylle'' hoist a white flag, to which Rondeau retorted that he could not fly another flag than that of the Republic. ''Romney'' opened fire, and after 90 minutes of gunnery exchanges, ''Sibylle'' struck to her much more powerful opponent. Paget took possession of ''Sibylle'' and the merchantmen, but put the crew and Rondeau ashore. ''Sibylle'' was taken into British service as HMS ''Sybille''.


British service in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars

In 1798, now named ''Sybille'', the ship served off the
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, participating in the bloodless Raid on Manila. In December, she gave chase to the
privateer A privateer is a private person or vessel which engages in commerce raiding under a commission of war. Since robbery under arms was a common aspect of seaborne trade, until the early 19th century all merchant ships carried arms. A sovereign o ...
''Clarisse'', under
Robert Surcouf Robert Surcouf (; 12 December 1773 – 8 July 1827) was a French privateer, businessman and slave trader who operated in the Indian Ocean from 1789 to 1808 during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. Capturing over 40 prizes, he ...
. ''Clarisse'' escaped by throwing eight guns overboard. In February 1799, while under the command of Captain Edward Cooke, ''Sybille'' patrolled the Indian Ocean in a hunt for the French frigate , under Captain Beaulieu-Leloup. The ships met on 28 February in the
Balasore Roads Balasore Roads is a roadstead (a sheltered anchorage), on the Indian coast near Balasore. It was the location of the Bengal Pilot Service pilot boarding station (see chart). It was considered to be a generally safe anchorage, with depths varying f ...
in the Bay of Bengal at the
action of 28 February 1799 The action of 28 February 1799 was a minor naval engagement of the French Revolutionary Wars, fought off the mouth of the Hooghly River in the Bay of Bengal between the French frigate ''Forte'' and the Royal Navy frigate HMS ''Sybille''. ''F ...
. ''Sybille'' took ''Forte'' by surprise and captured her, as ''Forte''s captain mistook ''Sybille'' for a merchantman. Cooke was wounded in the action and died at Calcutta on 23 May, aged 26. Though his grave is in Calcutta, the
East India Company The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company that was founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874. It was formed to Indian Ocean trade, trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with the East Indies (South A ...
erected a monument to him in
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in appreciation of the benefit to British trade of his capture of ''Forte''. In all, ''Sybille'' lost five dead and 17 wounded. In 1847, the
Admiralty Admiralty most often refers to: *Admiralty, Hong Kong * Admiralty (United Kingdom), military department in command of the Royal Navy from 1707 to 1964 *The rank of admiral *Admiralty law Admiralty can also refer to: Buildings * Admiralty, Tra ...
authorized the issuance of the Naval General Service Medal with clasp "Sybille 28 Feby. 1799" to all remaining survivors of the action. In June 1799, ''Sybille'' came under the command of Captain Charles Adam. On 23 August 1800, ''Sybille'', with , , and , captured a Dutch
brig A brig is a type of sailing vessel defined by its rig: two masts which are both square rig, square-rigged. Brigs originated in the second half of the 18th century and were a common type of smaller merchant vessel or warship from then until the l ...
. The Royal Navy took her into service as . The British ships had entered Batavia Roads and captured five Dutch armed vessels and destroyed 22 other vessels. ''Sybille'' alone apparently captured one brig of six guns, four
proa The ProA is the German basketball league system, second-tier Sports league, league of professional club basketball in Germany. The league comprises 16 teams. Officially the ProA is part of the ''2. Basketball Bundesliga'', which consists of the t ...
s armed with swivels, four proas armed with between three 8-pounder and three 4-pounder guns, and some 21 unarmed proas, of which five were lost. How many of these, if any, are among the vessels reported as being taken in the Batavia Roads is not clear. On 19–20 August 1801, in the Roads of
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, ''Sybille'' captured the French frigate , under the command of Capitaine de Vaisseau Guieyesse. ''Chiffonne'' had captured the Portuguese corvette ''Andorinha'' off the coasts of Brazil on 5 May, and the
East Indiaman East Indiamen were merchant ships that operated under charter or licence for European trading companies which traded with the East Indies between the 17th and 19th centuries. The term was commonly used to refer to vessels belonging to the Bri ...
''Bellona'' in the Madagascar Channel on 16 June. (Later, from 23 May 1803 to 1805, Charles Adams would command ''Chiffonne''.) In 1803, the insurance industry in
Calcutta Kolkata, also known as Calcutta (List of renamed places in India#West Bengal, its official name until 2001), is the capital and largest city of the Indian States and union territories of India, state of West Bengal. It lies on the eastern ba ...
presented Captain Charles Adam of ''Sybille'', and Captain Hart, of , and with valuable swords for having captured French warships and privateers. On 3 May 1807, under Captain Robert Winthrop, ''Sybille'' captured the French 4-gun privateer ''Oiseau'' in the
English Channel The English Channel, also known as the Channel, is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates Southern England from northern France. It links to the southern part of the North Sea by the Strait of Dover at its northeastern end. It is the busi ...
. ''Sybille'', under the command of Capt. Clotworthy Upton, participated in Battle of Copenhagen in 1807, where she bombarded the city. The battle resulted in the British capturing the Danish Fleet. On 25 January 1808, while on the Home station, ''Sibylle'' captured the French privateer
lugger A lugger is a sailing vessel defined by its rig, using the lug sail on all of its one or more masts. Luggers were widely used as working craft, particularly off the coasts of France, England, Ireland and Scotland. Luggers varied extensively ...
''Grand Argus''. ''Grand Argus'' was pierced for 12 guns but carried only four. She and her crew of 41 men were under the command of Michael Daguinet. She was on her first cruise from Granville but had made no captures in the three days she had been out. Then on 16 August, ''Sybille'' captured the French brig-corvette ''Espiègle'', later recommissioned in the Royal Navy as . ''Espiègle'' arrived in
Cork "Cork" or "CORK" may refer to: Materials * Cork (material), an impermeable buoyant plant product ** Stopper (plug), or "cork", a cylindrical or conical object used to seal a container *** Wine cork an item to seal or reseal wine Places Ireland * ...
on the evening of 31 August. In the summer of 1809 ''Sybille'' cruised off the Greenland ice. Her role was to protect the whalers from privateers and then to escort them back to Britain. In subsequent years she captured several privateers. In October 1810 she captured the French privateer ''Edouard'' off the coast of Ireland. ''Edouard'', under Guillaume Moreau, was armed with 14 guns and had a crew of 90 men. She was eight days out of Abrevarake. On 28 January 1812 ''Sybille'' was in company with and , when ''Surveillante'' captured the American ship ''Zone''. On 10 May ''Sybille'' captured the French privateer ''Aigle'' at . ''Aigle'' was the former Weymouth to Guernsey packet ''Chesterfield''. ''Aigle'', of 61 men under the command of Captain Alexander Black, had thrown eight of her 14 guns overboard while trying to escape ''Sybille''. ''Aigle'' was three days out of Bennodet, near Quimper, and had earlier captured the brig ''Alicia'' as ''Alicia'' was sailing from Bristol to Gibraltar. ''Aigle'' had captured , Le Brun, master, at . had recaptured ''Alicia Hill'', which arrived on 19 July at Plymouth. ''Aigle'' arrived at Cork on 15 July. On 2 August ''Sybille'' detained and sent into
Cork "Cork" or "CORK" may refer to: Materials * Cork (material), an impermeable buoyant plant product ** Stopper (plug), or "cork", a cylindrical or conical object used to seal a container *** Wine cork an item to seal or reseal wine Places Ireland * ...
''Perseverance'' of New York. Lastly, on 5 February 1813 ''Sybille'' captured the French privateer ''Brestois'' at sea. ''Brestois'' was a
schooner A schooner ( ) is a type of sailing ship, sailing vessel defined by its Rig (sailing), rig: fore-and-aft rigged on all of two or more Mast (sailing), masts and, in the case of a two-masted schooner, the foremast generally being shorter than t ...
armed with 14 guns and carrying a crew of 121 men. ''Sybille'' sent her into Cork too.


Post-war service

Captain Sir John Pechell took command of ''Sybille'' on 1 July 1823 and fitted her out for service in the Mediterranean. She sailed in October and proceeded to spend three years protecting the Ionian Islands and suppressing piracy. A year later, ''Sybille'' enforced an indemnity on the government of the
First Hellenic Republic The First Hellenic Republic () was the provisional Greek state during the Greek Revolution against the Ottoman Empire. From 1822 until 1827, it was known as the Provisional Administration of Greece, and between 1827 and 1832, it was known as ...
for an attack on a Turkish vessel at Ithaca in December 1823 in violation of the neutrality of the
United States of the Ionian Islands The United States of the Ionian Islands was a Greeks, Greek state (polity), state and Protectorate#Amical_protection, amical protectorate of the United Kingdom between 1815 and 1864. The succession of states, successor state of the Septinsular R ...
. On 5 October 1824, Pechell seized three Greek schooners in the harbour of
Nauplia Nafplio or Nauplio () is a coastal city located in the Peloponnese in Greece. It is the capital of the regional unit of Argolis and an important tourist destination. Founded in antiquity, the city became an important seaport in the Middle Ages du ...
(''Polyxenes'' of eight guns and 69 men; ''San Niccolo'' of 10 guns and 73 men; and ''Bella Poula'' of eight guns and 37 men) as a provision until the indemnity of 40,000 dollars was forthcoming. The ship took the prizes to
Zante Zakynthos (also spelled Zakinthos; ; ) or Zante (, , ; ; from the Venetian form, traditionally Latinized as Zacynthus) is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea. It is the third largest of the Ionian Islands, with an area of , and a coastline in ...
and the prisoners to
Corfu Corfu ( , ) or Kerkyra (, ) is a Greece, Greek island in the Ionian Sea, of the Ionian Islands; including its Greek islands, small satellite islands, it forms the margin of Greece's northwestern frontier. The island is part of the Corfu (regio ...
. In October 1825, boats from ''Sybille'' and , Captain Timothy Curtis, found a Greek pirate mistico and her prize at anchor in a cove at Catacolo. The British handed the Ionian prize over to the authorities in Zante and sent the mistico to Corfu. ''Sybille''s next notable action occurred when she attacked a pirate lair at
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at the end of June 1826. ''Sybille'' sent in her boats but they were unsuccessful. The British suffered some 13 dead and 31 wounded, five of whom died subsequently. Gunfire from ''Sybille'' killed many pirates until the pirates traded a Royal Marine they had captured from one of the boats for a cease-fire. ''Sybille'' left the island though some time later a Turkish brig chased the pirates' remaining boat ashore in Anatolia, thus ending that threat.


Suppressing the slave trade

In 1822 ''Sybille'' was in the West Indies. That year her tender, the 5-gun schooner , shared with the frigate in the capture of two pirate schooners on 5 November, ''Union'' and ''Constantia'' (alias ''Espereanza''), and in the destruction of ''Hawke'' and ''Paz''. From 4 December 1826 until 1830, ''Sybille'' was part of the
West Africa Squadron The West Africa Squadron, also known as the Preventive Squadron, was a squadron of the Royal Navy whose goal was to suppress the Atlantic slave trade by patrolling the coast of West Africa. Formed in 1808 after the British Parliament passed ...
, which sought to suppress the slave trade. There she was under the command of Commodore
Francis Augustus Collier Rear Admiral Sir Francis Augustus Collier, CB, KCH (7 August 1785 – 28 October 1849) was a senior officer of the British Royal Navy during the early nineteenth century. Born into a naval family, Collier served in the French Revolutionary Wars ...
. On 6 September 1827, ''Sybille'' captured the Brazilian ship ''Henriqueta'' (also ''Henri Quatre''), with 569 slaves on board, of whom 546 survived to be liberated in Sierra Leone. In December the Admiralty purchased ''Henriquetta'' for £900 as a tender to ''Sybille'' and renamed her . ''Black Joke'' would go on to be one of the most successful anti-slavery vessels in the squadron. On 14 March 1828 ''Sybille'' was reported to have captured three slave vessels: possibly a Dutch schooner with 272 slaves, a Spanish schooner with 282 slaves, and ''Hope'', former tender to ''Maidstone'', with a cargo on board for the purchase of slaves. When ''Sybille'' arrived at
Sierra Leone Sierra Leone, officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country on the southwest coast of West Africa. It is bordered to the southeast by Liberia and by Guinea to the north. Sierra Leone's land area is . It has a tropical climate and envi ...
on 17 May for refitting in preparation for a passage to
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, she reported that since she arrived on the station in July 1827 she had freed over 1100 slaves. In 1829, 204 men died on board from yellow fever. To convince the crew of ''Sybille'' that the fever was not contagious, her surgeon, Robert McKinnal, drank a glassful of black vomit from an ailing crew member. Between February and March 1829 ''Sybille'' captured a Brazilian brig, and her tenders captured the slave schooner ''Donna Barbara''. By 11 April 1829, ''Sybille'' claimed to have released over 3,900 slaves in the previous 22 months. On 29 April she captured a Spanish schooner with 291 slaves on board. Then on 12 May she sent in to the prize court a schooner with 185 slaves on board. ''Sybille'' also seized and condemned a number of vessels for illicitly trafficking in slaves. On 11 October it was the brigantine ''Tentadora'' and on 1 November the brigantine ''Nossa Senhora da Guia'', with 310 slaves, of whom 238 survived. On 30 January 1830 ''Sybille'' seized and condemned a third, unnamed vessel. Then on 15 January she took ''Umbelino'', with 377 slaves of whom only 163 survived, and eight days later, ''Primera Rosalia'', with 282 slaves, of whom 242 survived. She also captured a brigantine from
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after a 27-hour chase; the vessel turned out to have 282 slaves on board. Her last capture occurred on 1 April when she captured ''Manzanares''. ''Sybille'' finally returned to Portsmouth from the coast of Africa on 26 June and was paid off.


Fate

Between January 1830 and July 1831 she was fitted as a
lazaretto A lazaretto ( ), sometimes lazaret or lazarette ( ), is a quarantine station for maritime travelers. Lazarets can be ships permanently at anchor, isolated islands, or mainland buildings. In some lazarets, postal items were also disinfected, usu ...
for
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, Scotland. She was eventually sold to a Mr. Henry for £2,460 on 7 August 1833.


Notes


Citations


References

* * * * * * (1671-1870) * * *


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Sibylle (1792) Age of Sail frigates of France Hébé-class frigates Ships built in France 1791 ships Ships of the West Africa Squadron Captured ships Ships in art Maritime paintings