Ernesto Nazareth
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Ernesto Júlio de Nazareth (March 20, 1863 – February 1, 1934) was a Brazilian composer and pianist, especially noted for his creative maxixe and
choro ''Choro'' (, "cry" or "lament"), also popularly called ''chorinho'' ("little cry" or "little lament"), is an instrumental Brazilian popular music genre which originated in 19th century Rio de Janeiro. Despite its name, the music often has a fa ...
compositions. Influenced by a diverse set of dance rhythms including the
polka Polka is a dance style and genre of dance music in originating in nineteenth-century Bohemia, now part of the Czech Republic. Though generally associated with Czech and Central European culture, polka is popular throughout Europe and the ...
, the habanera and the lundu, he combined these elements with his classical training to create compositions that he called “Brazilian tangos". These would be the precursors for what is known today as
Choro ''Choro'' (, "cry" or "lament"), also popularly called ''chorinho'' ("little cry" or "little lament"), is an instrumental Brazilian popular music genre which originated in 19th century Rio de Janeiro. Despite its name, the music often has a fa ...
. His piano repertoire is now part of the teaching programs of both classical and popular styles, as Nazareth once served at the boundary between these two worlds.


Biography

Nazareth was born in
Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, or simply Rio, is the capital of the Rio de Janeiro (state), state of Rio de Janeiro. It is the List of cities in Brazil by population, second-most-populous city in Brazil (after São Paulo) and the Largest cities in the America ...
, one of five children. His mother, Carolina da Cunha, gave him his first piano lessons. At the age of ten, after his mother's death, he continued his piano studies with Eduardo Madeira and Charles Lucien Lambert. Strongly influenced by Chopin, Nazareth published his first composition ''Você Bem Sabe'' (which means "You know it well") in 1877, at age 14. At that time, he had begun his professional career playing in cafes, balls, society parties and in the waiting rooms of movie theaters. In 1893, Casa Vieira Machado published his famous tango ''Brejeiro''. In 1879, he wrote his first tango, ''Cruz perigo''. In 1880, at age 17, he made his first public appearance at the Mozart Club. The following year, he composed the tango ''Não caio n'outra'', his first great success, with several reprints. In 1885, he performed in concerts in different clubs of the court. In 1893, Casa Vieira Machado launched a new catalogue of his compositions, including the tango ''Brejeiro'', which achieved national and even international success; the
Republican Guard A republican guard, sometimes called a national guard, is a state organization of a country (often a republic, hence the name ''Republican'') which typically serves to protect the head of state and the government, and thus is often synonymous wit ...
band of Paris included it in their repertoire and recorded it. His first concert as a pianist took place in 1898. The following year he prepared the first edition of the tango ''Turuna''. In 1905, he had his first work, ''Brejeiro'', recorded by singer Mario Pinheiro with the title ''O sertanejo enamorado'' with lyrics by . Meanwhile, the "Casa Édison"
marching band A marching band is a group of instrumental musicians who play while marching. Historically they were used in armed forces and many marching bands remain military bands. Others are still associated with military units or emulate a military sty ...
recorded his tango ''Brushed'', which became quite successful. In 1907 Nazareth was appointed third book-keeper of the National Treasury, a position that he did not occupy for not mastering the English language. In 1908, he began working as a pianist at the Mozart Club. The following year, he participated in a concert held at the National Institute of Music, playing his
gavotte The gavotte (also gavot, gavote, or gavotta) is a French dance, taking its name from a folk dance of the Gavot, the people of the Gap, Hautes-Alpes, Pays de Gap region of Dauphiné in the southeast of France, where the dance originated, accordin ...
''Corbeille de fleurs'' and tango ''Batuque''. He began giving private piano lessons, and worked as a pianist for Casa Gomes in 1921, and the Odeon Cinema from 1920 until 1924. In São Paulo and Campinas he performed several shows in the Municipal Theater and the Conservatory. He was given a grand piano as a gift from his admirers. He was one of the first artists to play for the Society Radio of Rio de Janeiro. In 1932 he presented, for the first time, a recital in which he performed only his compositions. In 1933, after a period of mental instability following the deaths of his wife and daughter, and diagnosed with
syphilis Syphilis () is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium ''Treponema pallidum'' subspecies ''pallidum''. The signs and symptoms depend on the stage it presents: primary, secondary, latent syphilis, latent or tertiary. The prim ...
and worsening hearing problems caused by a fall during childhood, Nazareth was hospitalized at the Juliano Moreira Asylum in Jacarepaguá. He fled the asylum February 1, 1934 and was found dead three days later in the adjacent forest near a waterfall, where he had drowned.


Catalog of works

Nazareth was noted for creatively combining diverse influences into his music, not only of Brazilian music but also from the music of
Europe Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east ...
,
Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth's land area and 6% of its total surfac ...
and
ragtime Ragtime, also spelled rag-time or rag time, is a musical style that had its peak from the 1890s to 1910s. Its cardinal trait is its Syncopation, syncopated or "ragged" rhythm. Ragtime was popularized during the early 20th century by composers ...
. Many of his compositions remain part of the repertory today. He composed 88 tangos, 41
waltz The waltz ( , meaning "to roll or revolve") is a ballroom dance, ballroom and folk dance, in triple (3/4 time, time), performed primarily in closed position. Along with the ländler and allemande, the waltz was sometimes referred to by the ...
es, 28
polka Polka is a dance style and genre of dance music in originating in nineteenth-century Bohemia, now part of the Czech Republic. Though generally associated with Czech and Central European culture, polka is popular throughout Europe and the ...
s and numerous
samba Samba () is a broad term for many of the rhythms that compose the better known Brazilian music genres that originated in the Afro-Brazilians, Afro Brazilian communities of Bahia in the late 19th century and early 20th century, It is a name or ...
s, galops,
quadrille The quadrille is a dance that was fashionable in late 18th- and 19th-century Europe and its colonies. The quadrille consists of a chain of four to six ''Contra dance, contredanses''. Latterly the quadrille was frequently danced to a medley of ope ...
s,
Schottische The schottische is a partnered country dance that apparently originated in Bohemia. It was popular in Victorian-era ballrooms as a part of the Bohemian folk-dance craze and left its traces in folk music of countries such as Argentina (Spanish ...
s, fox-trots, romances and other types of scores, totaling 211 complete compositions. *''1922'' *''A bella Melusina'' *''A flor de meus sonhos'' *''A florista'' *''A fonte do lambari'' *''A fonte do suspiro'' *''Adieu'' *''Adorável'' *''Ai rica prima'' *''Albíngia'' *''Alerta!'' *''Ameno resedá'' *''Andante expressivo'' *'' Apanhei-te, cavaquinho'' *''Arreliado'' *''Arrojado'' *''Arrufos'' *''As gracinhas de Nhô-nhô'' *''Até que enfim!'' *''Atlântico'' *''Atrevidinha'' *''Atrevido'' *''Bambino'' *''Bambino – você não me dá!'' – words by *''Batuque'' *''Beija-Flor'' *''Beijinho de moça'' *''Bom-Bom'' *''Brejeira'' *''Brejeiro'' *''Bicyclette-club'' *''Caçadora'' *''Cacique'' *''Capricho'' *''Cardosina'' *''Carioca'' *''Catrapuz'' *''Cavaquinho, por que choras?'' *''Celestial'' *''Chave de ouro'' *''Chile-Brazil'' *''Comigo é na madeira'' *''Confidências'' *''Coração que sente'' *''Corbeille de Fleurs'' *''Correcta'' *''Crê e espera'' *''Crises em penca'' *''Cruz, perigo!!'' *''Cruzeiro'' *''Cubanos'' *''Cuéra'' *''Cutuba'' *''Cuyubinha'' *''De tarde'' *''Delightfulness'' *''Dengoso'' *''Desengonçado'' *''Digo'' *''Dirce'' *''Divina'' *''Dor secreta'' *''Dora'' *''Duvidoso'' *''Elegantíssima'' *''Elegia para piano'' (left hand) *''Elétrica'' *''Elite-club'' *''Encantada'' *''Encantador'' *''Ensimesmado'' *''Eponina'' *''Escorregando'' *''Escovado'' *''Espalhafatoso'' *''Espanholita'' *''Está chumbado'' *''Eulina'' *''Expansiva'' *''Êxtase'' (voice, piano and violin) *''Êxtase'' (piano) *''Exuberante'' *''Faceira'' *''Famoso'' *''Fantástica'' *''Favorito'' *''Feitiço'' *''Ferramenta'' *''Fetiço não mata'' *''Fidalga'' *''Floraux'' *''Fon-fon'' *''Fora dos eixos'' *''Furinga'' *''Garoto'' *''Gaúcho'' *''Gemendo, rindo e pulando'' *''Genial'' *''Gente, o imposto pegou?'' *''Gentil'' *''Gotas de ouro'' *''Gracietta'' *''Guerreiro'' *''Helena'' *''Henriette'' *''Hino a Alaor Prata'' *''Hino a Carneiro Leão'' *''Hino a Pereira Passos'' *''Hino da Escola Ester Pedreira de Mello'' *''Hino da Escola Floriano Peixoto'' *''Hino da Escola Pedro II'' *''Ideal'' *''If I Am Not Mistaken'' *''Improviso'' (Concert Study) *''Insuperável'' *''Ipanema'' *''Iris'' *''Jacaré'' *''Jangadeiro'' *''Janota'' *''Julieta'' ('quadrilha', popular Brazilian dance) *''Julieta'' (valse) *''Julita'' *''Labirinto'' *''Laço Azul'' *''Lamentos'' *''Magnífico'' *''Mágoas'' *''Maly'' *''Mandinga'' *''Marcha Fúnebre'' *''Marcha Heróica aos Dezoito do Forte'' *''Mariazinha sentada na pedra'' *''Marietta'' *''Matuto'' *''Meigo'' *''Menino de ouro'' *''Mercedes'' *''Mesquitinha'' *''Myosótis'' *''Não caio n'outra!'' *''Não me fujas assim'' *''Nazareth'' *''Nenê'' *''Nenê'' – words by Catulo da Paixão Cearense *''No jardim'' *''Noêmia'' *''Noturno'' *'' Nove de julho'' *''Nove de Maio'' *''O Alvorecer'' *''O Futurista'' *''O nome dela'' (polca) *''O Nome dela'' (valse) *''O que há'' *''Os teus olhos cativam'' *'' Odeon'' *''Onze de Maio'' *''Orminda'' *''Ouro sobre azul'' *''Pairando'' *''Paraíso'' *''Pássaros em festa'' *''Paulicéa como és formosa!'' *''Perigoso'' *''Pierrot'' *''Pingüim'' *''Pipoca'' *''Pirilampo'' *'' Plangente'' *''Plus Ultra'' *''Podia ser pior'' *''Polca para a mão esquerda'' (left hand) *''Polonaise'' *''Por que sofre?'' *''Primorosa'' *''Proeminente'' *''Quebra-Cabeças'' *''Quebradinha'' *''Ramirinho'' *''Ranzinza'' *''Rayon d'Or'' *''Reboliço'' *''Recordações do passado'' *''Remando'' *''Resignação'' *''Respingando'' *''Ressaca'' *''Retumbante'' *''Rosa Maria'' *''Sagaz'' *''Salve, Salve, Nações Unidas'' *''Sarambeque'' *''Saudade'' *''Saudade dos Pagos'' *''Saudades e Saudades!'' *''Segredo'' *''Segredos da infância'' *''Sentimentos d'Alma'' *''Soberano'' *''Suculento'' *''Sustenta a ...nota...'' *''Sutil'' *''Tango Habenera'' *''Talismã'' *''Tenebroso'' *''Thierry'' *''Topázio líquido'' *''Travesso'' *''Tudo Sobe...'' *''Tupinambá'' *''Turbilhão de beijos'' *''Turuna'' *''Vem cá, Branquinha'' *''Vésper'' *''Victória'' *''Vitorioso'' *''Você bem sabe'' *''Xangô'' *''Yolanda'' *''Zênite'' (authored by Maestro Gaó) *''Zica'' *''Zizinha''


Media

'Escovado' is a common slang which means 'smart'. Ary Vasconcelos tells us in his book ''Panorama da Musica Popular Brasileira'' that Nazareth was a "devoted family man who often gave the songs he composed titles in honor of his son, sometimes his wife, or another relative". ''Travesso'' was dedicated to his son Ernesto, ''Marieta'' and ''Eulina'' to his two daughters, ''Dora'' to his wife Theodora, ''Brejeiro'' to his nephew Gilbert, etc. ''Escovado'' was first published by Casa Vieira Machado & Co. and dedicated to Fernando Nazareth, the composer's younger brother. It became one of Nazareth's greatest success, having the main theme been later tapped by the French composer
Darius Milhaud Darius Milhaud (, ; 4 September 1892 – 22 June 1974) was a French composer, conductor, and teacher. He was a member of Les Six—also known as ''The Group of Six''—and one of the most prolific composers of the 20th century. His composition ...
in his '' Le bœuf sur le toit'' (1919). In September 1930, accepting an invitation made by Eduardo Souto, then artistic director of Odeon-
Parlophone Parlophone Records Limited (also known as Parlophone Records and Parlophone) is a record label founded in Germany in 1896 by the Carl Lindström Company as Parlophon. The British branch of the label was founded on 8 August 1923 as the Parloph ...
, Nazareth recorded this piece. ''Brejeiro'' is one of the ambient songs in the game Civilization VI, when playing with Brazil. The version used in the game was composed and directed by Geoff Knorr.


References


External links


Ernesto Nazareth 150 Anos
website containing original sheet music and arrangements, complete discography with more than 2000 recordings, hundreds of photos, timeline, documents, texts and blog * *Free scores by Ernesto Nazareth a
Musica Brasilis
website
Free complete scores in PDF format
at the official catalog
Free recordings in MP3 format
by various pianists at PianoSociety.com
Beatriz Kauffmann's Web Site – Músicas de Ernesto Nazareth em arquivos MIDI

Rare Music of Ernesto Nazareth (music, text, images)
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nazareth, Ernesto 1863 births 1934 deaths Brazilian classical composers Brazilian classical pianists Deaths by drowning Brazilian male classical composers Brazilian male classical pianists Musicians from Rio de Janeiro (city)