Erasmus University Rotterdam ( ; abbreviated as EUR) is a

public In public relations and communication science, publics are groups of individual people, and the public (a.k.a. the general public) is the totality of such groupings. This is a different concept to the sociology, sociological concept of the ''Öf ...

research university A research university or a research-intensive university is a university that is committed to research as a central part of its mission. They are "the key sites of Knowledge production modes, knowledge production", along with "intergenerational ...

located in

Rotterdam, Netherlands Rotterdam ( , ; ; ) is the second-largest city in the Netherlands after the national capital of Amsterdam. It is in the province of South Holland, part of the North Sea mouth of the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta, via the New Meuse inland shi ...

. The university is named after

Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus ( ; ; 28 October c. 1466 – 12 July 1536), commonly known in English as Erasmus of Rotterdam or simply Erasmus, was a Dutch Christian humanist, Catholic priest and theologian, educationalist, satirist, and p ...

, a 15th-century Christian humanist and theologian.

Erasmus MC Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC or EMC) is a teaching hospital based in Rotterdam, Netherlands, affiliated with Erasmus University and home to its faculty of medicine. It is the largest and one of the most authoritative scientific uni ...

, the teaching hospital and medical school of Erasmus University, is one of the largest medical institutions in Western Europe and the foremost medical and trauma centers in the Netherlands. In addition, its economics and business schools, Erasmus School of Economics and

Rotterdam School of Management Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University (or RSM) is the international business school of the Erasmus University Rotterdam located in Rotterdam, Netherlands. RSM offers undergraduate and postgraduate programmes taught mostly in English, ...

, have an international reputation.

History

Rotterdam School of Management Erasmus University Campus spring

Erasmus University Rotterdam was founded on 8 November 1913 as the Netherlands School of Commerce (, or NHH) through private initiative with broad support from the business community of

Rotterdam Rotterdam ( , ; ; ) is the second-largest List of cities in the Netherlands by province, city in the Netherlands after the national capital of Amsterdam. It is in the Provinces of the Netherlands, province of South Holland, part of the North S ...

. In 1937, the school was recognized as a higher educational institute with university status, providing education in commerce and economics as an academic discipline. This resulted in a change of its name: the NHH became the NEH, or Netherlands School of Economics (). The growing complexity of society led, in the 1960s, to the arrival of the faculties of Law and Social Sciences, followed in later decades by Philosophy, History and Arts, and Business Administration. From 1950, the Foundation for Higher Clinical Education used its best efforts to get a full academic medical study programme established in Rotterdam, and with success: In 1966, the government established the Medical Faculty Rotterdam (), housed next to Dijkzigt Hospital. Together with the Sophia Children's Hospital and the Daniel den Hoed Clinic, it forms the University Hospital Rotterdam, which as of 1 January 2003, bears the name Erasmus MC. In 1973, the Medical Faculty Rotterdam and the Netherlands School of Economics merged, after which the institution was renamed under its current name Erasmus University Rotterdam () – the first university in the Netherlands named after a person, a man to whom Rotterdam owes the reputation it has held for centuries in the academic world.

Health

This domain includes the

, the Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management (ESHPM) and the Institute for Medical Technology Assessment (iMTA).

is the new name for the university medical centre in Rotterdam, which is a merger of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and the University Hospital Rotterdam (Dijkzigt, Sophia, Daniel den Hoed clinic). The biomedical cluster plays a leading role in the field of analysis of role of individual genes playing role in diseases. The Forensic Molecular Biology department works together with the Netherlands Forensic Institute (NFI). Major long-term genetic epidemiological studies among the elderly and children are Erasmus Rotterdam Health for the Elderly (ERGO) and Generation R respectively. The Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management (ESHPM) forms a bridge between medicine and the health sciences on the one hand and social sciences on the other. The institute for Medical Technology Assessment (iMTA) conducts health economic research in collaboration with both the Erasmus MC and the Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management.

Wealth

This area includes the Erasmus School of Economics and the Rotterdam School of Management. Its economics programs and management programs attract students and postgraduates from all over the world. The research schools Erasmus Institute for Management (ERIM) and the Tinbergen Institute attract PhD students, research fellows, PostDocs and visiting professors of repute from all corners of the world. Other joint ventures are the English-language programme International Business Administration, the Erasmus Executive Development programme (EED) and the Erasmus University Centre for Contract Research and Business Support (ERBS). Lustrum sculpture by Ger van Iersel 2

Governance

The research focuses on the organisation of business and society. This area has ground in common not only with economics and management, but also with medicine and health sciences.

Culture

As one of four concentrations of Erasmus University, culture is defined broadly with focus on the areas of media, cultural economics, and the high arts. Primary research is on society and the arts, including cultural policy, media, and social identity in modern society. Faculty has particular strengths in research, and the students tend to graduate with strong research skills for both academic and field placement.

Research Institutes/Schools

Wealth

Erasmus Research Institute of Management

The

Erasmus Research Institute of Management The Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM) is the joint research institute of the Rotterdam School of Management and the Erasmus School of Economics, both at Erasmus University Rotterdam. It aims to bring together top researchers in busine ...

(ERIM) is the joint research institute of the Rotterdam School of Management and the Erasmus School of Economics, both at Erasmus University Rotterdam. It aims to bring together top researchers in business and management.

Econometric Institute

Erasmus University today is seen as the leading university in

Econometrics Econometrics is an application of statistical methods to economic data in order to give empirical content to economic relationships. M. Hashem Pesaran (1987). "Econometrics", '' The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics'', v. 2, p. 8 p. 8 ...

and

Operational Research Operations research () (U.S. Air Force Specialty Code: Operations Analysis), often shortened to the initialism OR, is a branch of applied mathematics that deals with the development and application of analytical methods to improve management and ...

Jan Tinbergen Jan Tinbergen ( , ; 12 April 1903 – 9 June 1994) was a Dutch economist who was awarded the first Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1969, which he shared with Ragnar Frisch for having developed and applied dynamic models for the ana ...

, Nobel Prize winner for Economics (1969), and

Henri Theil Henri (Hans) Theil (October 13, 1924 – August 20, 2000) was a Dutch econometrician and professor at the Netherlands School of Economics in Rotterdam, known for his contributions to the field of econometrics. Biography Born in Amsterdam, The ...

founded the

Econometric Institute Econometric Institute (Dutch ''Econometrisch Instituut'') at the Erasmus University Rotterdam is a leading research institute in the fields of econometrics and management science in the Netherlands. The Institute offers advanced education in econom ...

and influenced both Econometrics & Management Science. Tinbergen's theories also had a political inclination, with multiple objectives of price stability and employment and policies to achieve the desired results and stabilizing the economy.

Tinbergen Institute (TI)

The

Tinbergen Institute The Tinbergen Institute is a leading research and graduate education institute for Economics and Business. Established in 1987, the institute is named afteJan Tinbergen a Nobel laureate in economics (1969), and is a collaboration between the School ...

is a joint institute for research and education in economics, econometrics and finance of the University of Amsterdam, the VU University Amsterdam and the Erasmus University Rotterdam. It is one of the top research institutes and graduate schools in economics and finance in the world. It offers a research master program (MPhil) in economics and finance as well as PhD opportunities.

Transport, Infrastructure and Logistics (TRAIL)

In association with

TU Delft The Delft University of Technology (TU Delft; ) is the oldest and largest Dutch public university, public Institute of technology, technical university, located in Delft, Netherlands. It specializes in engineering, technology, computing, design, a ...

, the

TRAIL Research School The TRAIL Research School is the Netherlands’ national (university) research school active in the fields of Transport, Infrastructure, and Logistics. TRAIL provides education at Ph.D.-candidate level, initiates and conducts scientific and app ...

is the Dutch national research school active in the fields of Transport, Infrastructure, and Logistics.

Erasmus Centre for Entrepreneurship (ECE)

Erasmus Centre for Entrepreneurship is an independent research and education organisation that originated from the Erasmus University, centring around entrepreneurship, both locally and globally.

Health

* Cardiovascular Research School Erasmus University Rotterdam (COEUR) * Netherlands Institute for Health Sciences (NIHES) * Postgraduate School Molecular Medicine (MM) * Medical Genetics Centre South-West Netherlands (MGC) MGC participates in the top Research School Centre for Developmental and Biomedical Genetics * Helmholtz School for Autonomous Systems Research

Law, Culture and Society

* Institute for Sales and Account Management *

International Institute of Social Studies The International Institute of Social Studies (ISS) of Erasmus University Rotterdam is an independent international graduate school of policy-oriented social science. ISS was established in 1952 by Dutch universities and the Netherlands Mini ...

* Research School Public Safety * Netherlands Institute of Government (NIG) * Huizinga Instituut * N.W. Posthumus Instituut * Amsterdam School of Social-Public Research (ASSR) * Research School Rights of the human * Experimental Psychologic Researchschool (EPOS) * Kurt Lewin Institute * Research School of Ethics

Campus

The University has campuses at five locations, of which four in Rotterdam and one in

The Hague The Hague ( ) is the capital city of the South Holland province of the Netherlands. With a population of over half a million, it is the third-largest city in the Netherlands. Situated on the west coast facing the North Sea, The Hague is the c ...

: * Campus Woudestein (main university location near Rotterdam-Kralingen) * Campus Hoboken (

location near Rotterdam-Dijkzigt) * Location EUC ( Erasmus University College in Rotterdam Center) * Location ISS (

located in

The Hague Center The City Center of The Hague () is the oldest and, with a population of inhabitants (as of ), the second largest of The Hague's eight districts, consisting of nine neighbourhoods. Two railways stations can be found in the city center: Den Haag ...

) * Location ECE (Erasmus Centre for Entrepreneurship near Rotterdam-Delfshaven)

Sustainability

On 9 September 2009 ("Sustainability Day"), GreenEUR was launched officially. During this day, GreenEUR organized several on-campus activities in cooperation with Greening the Campus. Since April 2010 GreenEUR is officially recognized by the Executive Board.

Student activities

* In Duplo – Student Association for double degree students *

Economic Faculty Association Rotterdam Established in 1925, the ''Economic Faculty association Rotterdam'' (EFR) has over 7000 members making it one of the biggest, oldest, and most active faculty associations in Europe. It belongs to the Erasmus School of Economics, a faculty of the ...

*STAR Student Association Rotterdam School of Management **STAR Management Week **Erasmus Consultancy Project * FAECTOR – official school association Erasmus School of Economics ** Econometric Career Days * Erasmus debating society – oldest debating society in the Netherlands * Erasmus Centre for Entrepreneurship * Erasmus Magazine * EUCSA – Student Association EUC Campus, Liberal Arts & Sciences * Investment Week & Symposium * Student Investment Society B&R Beurs * International Students Rotterdam (ISR) - Society for all international students * Erasmus Sport

Rankings

Erasmus School of Economics

; Economics Department The economics faculty is, according to the

QS World University Rankings The ''QS World University Rankings'' is a portfolio of comparative college and university rankings compiled by Quacquarelli Symonds, a higher education analytics firm. Its first and earliest edition was published in collaboration with '' Times ...

2018, the 9th best in Europe (UK included) and 50th in the world in economics and econometrics, and 37th in the world in accounting and finance (10th best in Europe). ''

Times Higher Education World University Rankings The ''Times Higher Education World University Rankings'', often referred to as the THE Rankings, is the annual publication of university rankings by the ''Times Higher Education'' magazine. The publisher had collaborated with Quacquarelli Symon ...

'' ranks Erasmus University 1st in the Netherlands, 7th in Europe, and 28th in the world for the subject Economics and Business in 2020. The Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Academic Ranking of World Universities The ''Academic Ranking of World Universities'' (''ARWU''), also known as the Shanghai Ranking, is one of the annual publications of world university rankings. The league table was originally compiled and issued by Shanghai Jiao Tong Universi ...

published in 2018, lists Erasmus School of Economics as 9th in Europe and 32nd in the world in the fields of economics and business. Erasmus University Rotterdam has received high rankings in the fields of Economics and Business. According to US News 2022, the university ranked 1st in the Netherlands, 2nd in Europe and 10th in the world for Economics and Business.Global University Rankings
Retrieved 22 November 2021

Rotterdam School of Management

The ''

Financial Times The ''Financial Times'' (''FT'') is a British daily newspaper printed in broadsheet and also published digitally that focuses on business and economic Current affairs (news format), current affairs. Based in London, the paper is owned by a Jap ...

'' European Business School Rankings FT European Business school rankings
. Retrieved 1 July 2020 as well as the Global MBA rankings consistently lists RSM as top 10 in Europe. The ''Financial Times'' ranked the CEMS MSc in International Management offered by

, Erasmus University as third in the world in 2022. QS ranked the school's MSc Global Business & Sustainability program among the top 60 in the world in the 2023 International Trade Rankings. ; Accreditation The business school has achieved

triple accreditation Triple accreditation (also known as the triple crown) refers to a business school being accredited by all three leading international accreditation organizations: the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) in the US, the ...

from the international accrediting bodies of management education:

AMBA Amba or AMBA may refer to: Title * Amba Hor, alternative name for Abhor and Mehraela, Christian martyrs * Amba Sada, also known as Psote, Christian bishop and martyr in Upper Egypt Given name * Amba, the traditional first name given to the first ...

EQUIS The EFMD Quality Improvement System (EQUIS) is a business school accreditation managed by Brussels based EFMD. It provides accreditation for higher education institutions of management and business administration and is run by the European Fou ...

, and

AACSB The Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) is an American professional and accreditation organization. It was founded as the American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of Business in 1916 to provide accreditation to business ...

. Only 100

business schools A business school is a higher education institution or professional school that teaches courses leading to degrees in business administration or management. A business school may also be referred to as school of management, management school, s ...

in the world have acquired triple accreditation, although many schools have a policy of not applying for multiple accreditations.

Erasmus Medical Center

The

(university medical center) is considered by several major rankings to be a global top institution for clinical medicine, i.e. ranked in the world as 45th in 2020 by ''

'', as 28th in 2020 by '' U.S. News & World Report Best Global University Ranking'' and 50th in 2019 by ''

''. The Erasmus MC is listed by '' The Scientist'' as the fifth-best of the top 15 medical institutions outside the United States (ranking 2004).

Education

Undergraduate programmes

Erasmus University Rotterdam offers a broad range of Bachelor's programmes taught in the

Dutch language Dutch ( ) is a West Germanic languages, West Germanic language of the Indo-European language family, spoken by about 25 million people as a first language and 5 million as a second language and is the List of languages by total number of speak ...

, leading to a

B.A. A Bachelor of Arts (abbreviated B.A., BA, A.B. or AB; from the Latin ', ', or ') is the holder of a bachelor's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the liberal arts, or, in some cases, other disciplines. A Bachelor of Arts degree ...

, BSc or

LL.B. A Bachelor of Laws (; LLB) is an undergraduate law degree offered in most common law countries as the primary law degree and serves as the first professional qualification for legal practitioners. This degree requires the study of core legal subje ...

degree. Furthermore, the university offers several completely

English-language English is a West Germanic language that developed in early medieval England and has since become a English as a lingua franca, global lingua franca. The namesake of the language is the Angles (tribe), Angles, one of the Germanic peoples th ...

Bachelor programmes. These programmes are open to students aiming for an international career in Business and/or Economics or Communication and Media. Apart from the Dutch students, at least 50% of the students taking these programmes are international students from over 80 countries.

Graduate Studies

Students can choose from different types of Master programmes: (common) Master programmes, Research Master programmes or Post-experience Master programmes. Education at this level is given mostly in English.

Master's programmes

These types of Master's programmes lead to a

M.A. A Master of Arts ( or ''Artium Magister''; abbreviated MA or AM) is the holder of a master's degree awarded by universities in many countries. The degree is usually contrasted with that of Master of Science. Those admitted to the degree have ...

, MSc or

LL.M. A Master of Laws (M.L. or LL.M.; Latin: ' or ') is a postgraduate academic degree, pursued by those either holding an undergraduate academic law degree, a professional law degree, or an undergraduate degree in another subject. In many jurisdi ...

degree.

Research Master's programmes

Talented graduates are given the opportunity to utilise their skills and potential in academic research. To be eligible for a Research Master, a bachelor's or master's degree must have been obtained.

Post-experience and professional Master's programmes

The university also offers specialised knowledge and skills programmes for further development of one's professional career. These types of programmes leads to the commonly known M.A. or MSc, but also to professional master's degree's like

MBA A Master of Business Administration (MBA) is a professional degree focused on business administration. The core courses in an MBA program cover various areas of business administration; elective courses may allow further study in a particular a ...

, MFM (Master in Financial Management), or MHM.

Research doctoral programmes

In addition, most departments, affiliated (research) institutes or faculties offer doctorate programs or positions, leading to the 'Doctor of Philosophy' (PhD) degree. Most of the PhD programs offered by the university are concentrated in several research schools or institutes.

Erasmus Honours Academy

Erasmus University offers special honours programmes. Students are invited to take part if their first-year grades are well above average and if they have proved themselves to be sufficiently motivated. The programmes are either disciplinary: special programmes for the very best students of one departments, or interdisciplinary: one of the Erasmus Honours Programme-tracks, where the very best students of the different faculties of the Erasmus University investigate, discuss, and tackle crucial contemporary scientific and societal questions from various perspectives. After successfully completing the honours-programme, students receive a Honours-certificate and a Letter of Recommendation from the dean of their respective Faculty, or the

Rector Magnificus A rector (Latin for 'ruler') is a senior official in an educational institution, and can refer to an official in either a university or a secondary school. Outside the English-speaking world, the rector is often the most senior official in a u ...

of the EUR.

Notable staff

Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences laureates

(recipient of the inaugural prize in 1969) Jan Tinbergen 1982

Guido Imbens Guido Wilhelmus Imbens (born 3 September 1963) is a Dutch-American economist whose research concerns econometrics and statistics. He holds the Applied Econometrics Professorship in Economics at the Stanford Graduate School of Business at Stanf ...

(recipient in 2021)

Politics

Jan Peter Balkenende Jan Pieter Balkenende Jr. ( ; born 7 May 1956), commonly known as Jan Peter Balkenende, is a Dutch jurist and politician of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) who served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 22 July 2002 to 14 October 20 ...

(former

Prime Minister of the Netherlands The prime minister of the Netherlands () or, before 1945, the chairman of the Council of Ministers () is the ''de facto'' head of government of the Netherlands.''Grondwet voor het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden'' onstitution of the Kingdom of the N ...

) *

Pim Fortuyn Wilhelmus Simon Petrus Fortuijn, known as Pim Fortuyn (; 19 February 1948 – 6 May 2002), was a Dutch politician, author, civil servant, businessman, sociologist and academic who founded the party Pim Fortuyn List (Lijst Pim Fortuyn or LPF) in ...

(politician) * Alexander Rinnooy Kan (former president of the Dutch

Social-Economic Council The Social and Economic Council ( Dutch: ''Sociaal-Economische Raad'', SER) is a major economic advisory council to the cabinet of the Netherlands. Formally it heads a system of sector-based regulatory organisations. It represents the social p ...

) *

Jo Ritzen Jozef Marie Mathias "Jo" Ritzen (born 3 October 1945) is a retired Dutch politician of the Labour Party (PvdA) and economist. Ritzen worked as researcher at the Delft Institute of Technology from July 1969 until June 1972 and at the Erasmus U ...

(former Dutch Minister of Education, Culture and Science; alumnus as well) *

Cees Veerman Cornelis Pieter "Cees" Veerman (born 8 March 1949) is a retired Netherlands, Dutch politician of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) party and economist. Veerman applied at the Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam School of Economics in M ...

(former Dutch

Minister of Agriculture An agriculture ministry (also called an agriculture department, agriculture board, agriculture council, or agriculture agency, or ministry of rural development) is a ministry charged with agriculture. The ministry is often headed by a minister f ...

, Nature and Food Quality)

Business

Hans Wijers Gerardus Johannes "Hans" Wijers (born 11 January 1951) is a Dutch retired politician of the Democrats 66 (D66) party, and businessman. He is the chairman of the supervisory board of ING Group since 2018. Early life After secondary school at Hog ...

(former CEO of

AkzoNobel Akzo Nobel N.V., stylised as AkzoNobel, is a Dutch multinational corporation, multinational company which creates paints and performance coatings for both industry and consumers worldwide. Headquartered in Amsterdam, the company has activities ...

; former Dutch Minister of Economic Affairs)

Scientists

Eelco van Asperen Eelco van Asperen (11 April 1965, Rotterdam – 31 May 2013) was a Dutch computer scientist. and associate professor at the Erasmus University Rotterdam, at the School of Economics. On the first webpages created by Tim Berners-Lee, Van Asperen wa ...

(computer scientist) * Klaas Bom (medical engineer and inventor of the

portable ultrasound Portable ultrasound is a modality of medical ultrasonography that utilizes small and light devices, compared to the console-style ultrasound machines that preceded them. In most cases these mobile ultrasound systems could be carried by hand and in ...

scanner) *

Michael Braungart Michael Braungart (born 1958) is a German chemist who advocates that humans can make a positive instead of a negative environmental impact by redesigning industrial production and therefore that dissipation is not waste. A former Greenpeace acti ...

(chemist holding the Cradle-to-Cradle chair) * Frank Grosveld (molecular biologist, recipient of

Spinoza Prize The Spinoza Prize () is an annual award of 1.5 million euro prize money, to be spent on new research given by the Dutch Research Council (NWO). The award is the highest scientific award in the Netherlands. It is named after the philosopher Baruc ...

in 1995) * Jan Hoeijmakers (molecular biologist, recipient of

in 1998) * Albert Osterhaus (virologist and influenza expert; head of the National Influenza Centre, and head of the world reference center for measles of the

World Health Organization The World Health Organization (WHO) is a list of specialized agencies of the United Nations, specialized agency of the United Nations which coordinates responses to international public health issues and emergencies. It is headquartered in Gen ...

) * Gerrit van Poelje (founder of the

Public Administration Public administration, or public policy and administration refers to "the management of public programs", or the "translation of politics into the reality that citizens see every day",Kettl, Donald and James Fessler. 2009. ''The Politics of the ...

in the Netherlands) *

Mihir Rakshit Mihir Rakshit (born 1 July 1936) is an Indian economist, known for his work on fiscal, monetary and other policy, especially issues that concern developing economies. Originally from Chittagong, which is now in Bangladesh, he did his graduation ...

(economist known for his work on fiscal and monetary policy related to the developing economy) *

(successor of Jan Tinbergen; together with Jan Tinbergen founder of the Econometric Institute in 1956)

Philosophy

Luce Irigaray Luce Irigaray (; born 3 May 1930) is a Belgian-born French feminist, philosopher, linguist, psycholinguist, psychoanalyst, and cultural theorist who examines the uses and misuses of language in relation to women. Irigaray's first and most ...

(feminist theorist)

Notable alumni

File:Ruud Lubbers 1986.jpg,

Ruud Lubbers Rudolphus Franciscus Marie "Ruud" Lubbers (; 7 May 1939 – 14 February 2018) was a Dutch politician, diplomat and businessman who served as prime minister of the Netherlands from 1982 to 1994, and as United Nations High Commissioner for Refug ...

File:Jeroen van der Veer (2015).jpg,

Jeroen van der Veer Jeroen () is a Dutch male given name originating from the Greek Hieronymus, and is equivalent to the English name Jerome. In the Netherlands, there are around 52,000 people who are named Jeroen, while in Belgium there are around 11,000 people of ...

File:Prince Friso.jpg,

Prince Friso of Orange-Nassau Prince Friso of Orange-Nassau (; 25 September 1968 – 12 August 2013) was the second son of Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands and Claus von Amsberg, and younger brother of King Willem-Alexander. Friso was a member of the Dutch Royal Family, but ...

File:Neelie Kroes.jpg,

Neelie Kroes Neelie Kroes (; born 19 July 1941) is a retired Dutch politician of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) and businessperson who served as European Commissioner from 22 November 2004 to 1 November 2014. Kroes studied Economics at ...

File:Albert Winsemius (1971).jpg, Albert Winsemius File:Melanie Schultz van Haegen 2013 (2).jpg,

Melanie Schultz van Haegen Melanie Henriëtte Maas Geesteranus (born 28 June 1970) is a retired Dutch politician and businesswoman. A member of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD), she served as Minister of Infrastructure and the Environment from 2010 to ...

File:Mohammad Hatta 1950.jpg,

Mohammad Hatta Mohammad Hatta ( ; 12 August 1902 – 14 March 1980) was an Indonesian statesman, nationalist, and independence activist who served as the country's first Vice President of Indonesia, vice president as well as the third prime minister. Known as ...

File:Ferry Sonneville (1962).jpg,

Ferry Sonneville Ferdinand Alexander "Ferry" Sonneville (3 January 1931 – 20 November 2003) was an Indonesian badminton player noted for his touch, consistency, tactical astuteness, and coolness under pressure. He won numerous international singles titles f ...

File:Meles Zenawi - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2012.jpg,

Meles Zenawi Meles Zenawi Asres ( Tigringa and ; ), born Legesse Zenawi Asres (8 May 1955 – 20 August 2012) was an Ethiopian politician and former rebel militant commander who served as president of Ethiopia from 1991 to 1995 and as prime minister from 19 ...

File:Pressconference Ploumen and Malmstrom (24148653964).jpg,

Lilianne Ploumen Elisabeth Maria Josepha "Lilianne" Ploumen (; born 12 July 1962) is a Dutch politician and activist who served as Leader of the Labour Party from January 2021 until April 2022. She had been a member of the House of Representatives since 2017, a ...

File:Peter Nijkamp.jpg,

Peter Nijkamp Peter Nijkamp (born 26 February 1946) is a Dutch economist, Professor of Regional science, Regional Economics and Economic geography, Economic Geography at the Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, a fellow of the Tinbergen Institute and ...

File:Minister van Financien Witteveen licht de Tweede Kamer in over gang van zaken v…, Bestanddeelnr 923-2205.jpg,

Johan Witteveen Johan may refer to: * Johan (given name) * ''Johan'' (1921 film), a Swedish film directed by Mauritz Stiller * Johan (2005 film), a Dutch romantic comedy film * Johan (band), a Dutch pop-group ** ''Johan'' (album), a 1996 album by the group * Joh ...

File:Jan Pronk portrait.jpg,

Jan Pronk Johannes Pieter "Jan" Pronk Jr. (; born 16 March 1940) is a retired Dutch politician and diplomat of the Labour Party (Netherlands), Labour Party (PvdA) and activist. Pronk studied Economics at the Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam School ...

File:Fatima Moreira de Melo 2015.jpg,

Fatima Moreira de Melo Fatima Moreira de Melo (born 4 July 1978) is a former Dutch field hockey player and professional poker player of Portuguese descent. She has played 191 international matches for the Dutch national team, scoring 30 goals. De Melo's debut match wi ...

File:Feike sijbesma-1495556952.jpg,

Feike Sijbesma Feike Sijbesma (born 1959) is a Dutch business executive who was CEO and chairman of the managing board of DSM from 2007 until 2020. And in 2022, he was nominated as honorary chairman. He helped the Dutch government from March to September 2020 a ...

File:2017-03 Johan Andresen.jpg, Johan Andresen Heads of government *

(a proclamator of Indonesia's independence, 1st vice-president and prime minister of the

Republic of Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, ...

) *

(former Dutch

Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...

and UN High Commissioner) *

(former Prime minister of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia) *

Jelle Zijlstra Jelle Zijlstra (; 27 August 1918 – 23 December 2001) was a Dutch politician of the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP) and economist who served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 22 November 1966 until 5 April 1967. Zijlstra studied Economi ...

(former

, former President of De Nederlandsche Bank) Business leaders *

Johan H. Andresen Jr. Johan Henrik Andresen (born 25 July 1961) is a Norwegian industrialist and investor. Since 1998, Andresen has been the owner of Ferd, one of the largest privately held companies in Norway. He served in the position of chief executive from 1998 t ...

(CEO,

Ferd Ferd may refer to: * Ferd (nickname), a list of people with the nickname, usually a short form of Ferdinand * Ferd Napfel, 1960s American drag racer * Ferd (company), a Norwegian holding company * Melvin Ferd III, the hero and title character of ...

) *

Peter Bakker Peter Bakker (born 1 August 1961) is a Dutch businessman who currently serves as president of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development. Education Bakker has a master's degree in Economics from Erasmus University Rotterdam and a ...

(CEO, TNT N.V.) * Bart Becht (CEO,

Reckitt Benckiser Reckitt Benckiser Group PLC, currently branded as Reckitt, formerly known as Reckitt Benckiser, is a British multinational consumer goods company headquartered in Slough, United Kingdom. It is a producer of health, hygiene and nutrition prod ...

) * Bob van Dijk (CEO,

Naspers Naspers Limited (until 1998 Die Nasionale Pers) is a South African multinational internet, technology and multimedia holding company headquartered in Cape Town. The company has interests in online retail, publishing, real estate, and ventu ...

) * Kees Storm (Chairman,

AB InBev Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV, known as AB InBev, is an American-Belgian Multinational corporation, multinational Drink industry, drink and brewing company, brewing company based in Leuven, Belgium. It is the largest brewer in the world, and in 20 ...

) *

Peter Hartman Peter F. Hartman (born 1949 in Curaçao) is a Dutch executive and vice-chairman of Air France-KLM. He was CEO of KLM until 2013. After graduating from high school in 1967, Hartman studied mechanical engineering in Amsterdam, followed by busi ...

(CEO,

KLM KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, or simply KLM (an abbreviation for their official name Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij N.V. , ),

) *

Cor Herkströter Antonius Johannes Cornelius "Cor" Herkströter (born 21 August 1937) is a former chairman of Royal Dutch Shell. Cor Herkströter was born in Venlo. He studied economics and accountancy at the School of Economics in Rotterdam (now Erasmus Univer ...

(former chairman

Royal Dutch Shell Shell plc is a British multinational oil and gas company, headquartered in London, England. Shell is a public limited company with a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange (LSE) and secondary listings on Euronext Amsterdam and the New ...

, President Commissioner of the

ING Group ING Group N.V. () is a Dutch multinational corporation, multinational banking and financial services corporation headquartered in Amsterdam. Its primary businesses are retail banking, direct banking, commercial banking, investment banking, whol ...

) *

Frans van Houten François Adrianus "Frans" van Houten (born 26 April 1960) is a Dutch businessman. He was the CEO of Philips, Royal Philips Electronics (known as Philips) from April 2011 to October 2022. Biography The son of a member of the board of directors ...

(CEO,

Philips Koninklijke Philips N.V. (), simply branded Philips, is a Dutch multinational health technology company that was founded in Eindhoven in 1891. Since 1997, its world headquarters have been situated in Amsterdam, though the Benelux headquarter ...

) * Durk Jager (CEO,

Procter & Gamble The Procter & Gamble Company (P&G) is an American multinational consumer goods corporation headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio. It was founded in 1837 by William Procter and James Gamble. It specializes in a wide range of personal health/con ...

) * Joop Bakker (CEO, Aegon N.V.) *

Frank Slootman Frank Slootman (born 1958) is a businessman and author known for growing companies founded by others. Slootman has taken three companies through an initial public offering. Early life and education Slootman was born in the Netherlands and earn ...

(CEO,

Snowflake Inc. Snowflake Inc. is an American cloud-based data storage company. Headquartered in Bozeman, Montana, it operates a platform that allows for data analysis and simultaneous access of data sets with minimal latency. It operates on Amazon Web Ser ...

, former CEO of

ServiceNow ServiceNow, Inc. is an American software company based in Santa Clara, California, that supplies a cloud computing platform for the creation and management of automated business workflows. It is used predominantly for the automation of informati ...

) * Bé Udink (CEO, the Overseas Gas and Electric Company) *

Frans Muller Frans W. H. Muller (born 1961) is a Dutch businessman, and the CEO of Ahold Delhaize, since July 2018, having been deputy CEO. Education Muller earned a master's degree in business economics from Erasmus University Rotterdam. Career Muller st ...

(CEO, Ahold Delhaize Group) *

Martin van Rijn Maarten Johannes "Martin" van Rijn (born 7 February 1956) is a Dutch politician and businessman who served as Minister for Medical Care from March to July 2020. A member of the Labour Party (PvdA), he previously was CEO and chairman of the Rein ...

(CEO, PGGM Pension Fund) *

(CEO, DSM N.V.) *

Henri Termeer Henri A. Termeer (February 28, 1946 – May 12, 2017) was a Dutch biotechnology executive and entrepreneur. He served as CEO at Genzyme from 1981 to 2011. Termeer created a business model, subsequently adopted by others in the industry, based o ...

(former president, CEO and chairman of

Genzyme Genzyme (also known as Genzyme Transgenics Corp or GTC Biotherapeutics) was an American biotechnology company based in Cambridge, Massachusetts. From its acquisition in 2011 to 2022 Genzyme operated as a fully owned subsidiary of Sanofi. In 2010, ...

) *

(Chairman of

, former CEO of

) *

(former CEO of

) * Charles Woodburn (CEO,

BAE Systems BAE Systems plc is a British Multinational corporation, multinational Aerospace industry, aerospace, military technology, military and information security company, based in London. It is the largest manufacturer in Britain as of 2017. It is ...

) *

Frank van Zanten Frank Andre van Zanten (born 26 February 1967) is a Dutch businessman, the CEO of Bunzl since April 2016. Early life Frank Andre van Zanten was born on 26 February 1967. He has an MBA degree from the Rotterdam School of Management. Career Van ...

(CEO,

Bunzl Bunzl Public Limited Company is a British multinational distribution and outsourcing company headquartered in London, England. The activities of the company have changed a number of times during its existence, frequently incorporating the dis ...

) *

Peter Stas Peter Stas (born 1963) is a Dutch entrepreneur and author. In 1988, after he completed his studies in Business Economics at the Erasmus University and worked as Product-Marketing Manager for Royal Philips Electronics, he founded, with his wife Al ...

(CEO,

Frédérique Constant Frédérique Constant SA is a Swiss ''manufacture'' of luxury wristwatches based in Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva. Originally established in 1988 by Dutch married couple Peter Stas and Aletta Stas-Bax, it was acquired in 2016 by Citizen Holdings of ...

) * John Tsioris (CEO, Instashop) Economists and researchers * Antoine van Agtmael (former economist of the

World Bank The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and Grant (money), grants to the governments of Least developed countries, low- and Developing country, middle-income countries for the purposes of economic development ...

; coined the term

emerging markets An emerging market (or an emerging country or an emerging economy) is a market that has some characteristics of a developed market, but does not fully meet its standards. This includes markets that may become developed markets in the future or we ...

) * Sandra Phlippen (chief economist of

ABN AMRO Bank ABN or abn may refer to: Aviation * IATA airport code for Albina Airstrip in Marowijne District, Suriname Companies * ABN AMRO Group, a Dutch bank group * ABN AMRO, sometimes referred to as "ABN" in shorthand, is a Dutch state-owned bank * Al ...

) * Stijn Claessens (head of financial stability policy department of the

Bank for International Settlements The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) is an international financial institution which is owned by member central banks. Its primary goal is to foster international monetary and financial cooperation while serving as a bank for central bank ...

) * Stephen Groff (economist and Governor of the National Development Fund of Saudi Arabia) *

Ashok Mitra Ashok Mitra (10 April 1928 – 1 May 2018) was an Indian economist and Marxist politician. He was a chief economic adviser to the Government of India and later became finance minister of West Bengal and a member of the Rajya Sabha. Early life ...

(chief economic adviser of

Government of India The Government of India (ISO 15919, ISO: Bhārata Sarakāra, legally the Union Government or Union of India or the Central Government) is the national authority of the Republic of India, located in South Asia, consisting of States and union t ...

) *

(winner of the

Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, officially the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (), commonly referred to as the Nobel Prize in Economics(), is an award in the field of economic sciences administ ...

in 2021) *

(professor of regional economics, recipient of the

in 1996) *

Supachai Panitchpakdi Supachai Panitchpakdi (, , ; born 30 May 1946) is a Thai politician and professor. He was Secretary-General of the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) from 1 September 2005 to 31 August 2013. Prior to this, he was the Director-Gener ...

(

WTO The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an intergovernmental organization headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland that regulates and facilitates international trade. Governments use the organization to establish, revise, and enforce the rules that g ...

Director-General, 2002–2005) *

Radius Prawiro Radius Prawiro (29 June 1928 – 26 May 2005) was an Indonesian economist and politician. Education The son of Suradi Prawiro, a teacher, Radius attended school in Yogyakarta. In 1942, while still at Middle School he became a cigarette vendor. ...

(governor of Central Bank of Indonesia) *

Erik Thorbecke Erik Thorbecke (born February 17, 1929) is a development economist. He is a co-originator of the widely used Foster-Greer-Thorbecke poverty measure and played a significant role in the development and popularization of Social Accounting Matrix. ...

(development economist) *

(first winner of the

Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, officially the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (), commonly referred to as the Nobel Prize in Economics(), is an award in the field of economic sciences adminis ...

) * Nout Wellink (former President of De Nederlandsche Bank) * Albert Winsemius (long-time economic advisor to

Singapore Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state in Southeast Asia. The country's territory comprises one main island, 63 satellite islands and islets, and one outlying islet. It is about one degree ...

) *

(managing director

IMF The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a major financial agency of the United Nations, and an international financial institution funded by 191 member countries, with headquarters in Washington, D.C. It is regarded as the global lender of la ...

, 1973–1978 and first chairman of the

Group of Thirty The Group of Thirty, often abbreviated to G30, is an international body of financiers and academics which aims to deepen understanding of economic and financial issues and to examine consequences of decisions made in the public and private sec ...

) Politicians *

Eduard Bomhoff Eduard Jan Bomhoff (born 30 September 1944) is a Dutch economist, professor and retired politician who served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Health, Welfare and Sport for the Pim Fortuyn List (LPF) in the first Balkenende cabinet from ...

(former Dutch Minister of Health, Welfare and Sport and

Deputy Prime Minister A deputy prime minister or vice prime minister is, in some countries, a Minister (government), government minister who can take the position of acting prime minister when the prime minister is temporarily absent. The position is often likened to th ...

) *

Sumitro Djojohadikusumo Sumitro Djojohadikusumo (Van Ophuijsen Spelling System, EVO: ''Soemitro Djojohadikoesoemo''; 27 May 19179 March 2001) was an Indonesian statesman and one of the country's most influential economists. He held ministerial positions under Presiden ...

(former Indonesian

Minister of Finance A ministry of finance is a ministry or other government agency in charge of government finance, fiscal policy, and financial regulation. It is headed by a finance minister, an executive or cabinet position . A ministry of finance's portfolio ...

) *

Aart Jan de Geus Aart Jan de Geus (born 28 July 1955) is a retired Dutch politician of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) party and businessman. He served as Minister of Labor and Social Affairs from 2002 to 2007. Then he worked as Deputy Secretary-General f ...

(former deputy secretary-general of the

OECD The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD; , OCDE) is an international organization, intergovernmental organization with 38 member countries, founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and international trade, wor ...

and former Minister of Social Affairs and Employment of the Netherlands) *

Herman Heinsbroek Hermanus Philippus Johannes Bernardus Heinsbroek (born 12 January 1951) is a Dutch entrepreneur, media commentator, author and former politician who briefly served as Minister of Economic Affairs in 2002 in the first Balkenende cabinet. He was a ...

(former Minister of Economic Affairs; founder, Arcade Records) *

Jan Kees de Jager Jan Cornelis "Jan Kees" de Jager (born 10 February 1969) is a former Dutch politician of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) and businessman. He was State Secretary for Finance between 2007 and 2010 and later Minister for Finance between 201 ...

(former Dutch

) *

Zoran Jolevski Zoran Jolevski (; born 16 July 1959) is a Macedonians (ethnic group), Macedonian diplomacy, diplomat and the former Minister of Defense of the Republic of Macedonia. Prior to his appointment as Minister of Defense, he served as Macedonia's Ambas ...

(former

Macedonian Ambassador to the United States The North Macedonia ambassador in Washington, D.C. is the official representative of the Government of North Macedonia to the Government of the United States. The United States formally recognized North Macedonia in 1994, with full diplomatic ...

and negotiator of

Macedonia naming dispute The use of the country name "Macedonia (terminology), Macedonia" was disputed between Greece and the North Macedonia, Republic of Macedonia (now North Macedonia) between 1991 and 2019. The dispute was a source of instability in the Balkans#W ...

) *

(former European Commissioner) *

Yurii Lubkovych Yurii Olehovych Lubkovych (; 31 May 1989 – 18 January 2023) was a Ukrainian diplomat who served as the Secretary of State of the Ministry of Internal Affairs from 2021 until his death in 2023.Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine) *

(former minister for Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation 2012–2017; member

House of Representatives House of Representatives is the name of legislative bodies in many countries and sub-national entities. In many countries, the House of Representatives is the lower house of a bicameral legislature, with the corresponding upper house often ...

; studied

social history Social history, often called history from below, is a field of history that looks at the lived experience of the past. Historians who write social history are called social historians. Social history came to prominence in the 1960s, spreading f ...

) *

(former

Minister for Development Cooperation The Minister for Foreign Trade and Development Aid () is a Minister without Portfolio (Netherlands), minister without portfolio in the Netherlands. The officeholder, who is a member of the Cabinet of the Netherlands, Cabinet and the Council of M ...

and Minister of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment) * Ronald van Raak (member

House of Representatives of the Netherlands The House of Representatives ( , literally "Second Chamber of the States General", or simply ) is the lower house of the Bicameralism, bicameral parliament of the Netherlands, the States General of the Netherlands, States General, the other one ...

and non-fiction writer; studied

and

philosophy Philosophy ('love of wisdom' in Ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, Value (ethics and social sciences), value, mind, and language. It is a rational an ...

) *

Onno Ruding Herman Onno Christiaan Rudolf "Onno" Ruding (born 15 August 1939) is a retired Dutch politician of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) party and businessman. Ruding worked as student researcher at the Erasmus University Rotterdam from June ...

(former vice-chairman,

Citibank Citibank, N.A. ("N. A." stands for "National bank (United States), National Association"; stylized as citibank) is the primary U.S. banking subsidiary of Citigroup, a financial services multinational corporation, multinational corporation. Ci ...

; former board member, ABN AMRO; former

in the Netherlands; former executive director of the

) *

(former

Minister of Infrastructure and the Environment The Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management (; I&W) is the Dutch Ministry responsible for transport, aviation, public works, land management and water resource management. The Ministry was created in 2010 as the Ministry of Infrastructur ...

) *

(former Minister of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality) *

Frans Weisglas Frans Willy Weisglas (born 8 August 1946) is a retired Dutch politician, diplomat and economist. A member of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD), he served as Speaker of the House of Representatives from 16 May 2002 until 30 Nove ...

(former president of the

) * Paul Zimmerman (councillor, Hong Kong's Southern District Council) Others *

Stefan Aartsen Stefan Remco Aartsen (born 13 March 1975 in 's-Gravenzande) is a former butterfly swimmer from the Netherlands, who twice competed for his native country at the Summer Olympics: in 1996 and 2000. Aartsen first gained attention in 1992, when he w ...

(former Dutch butterfly swimmer) *

Jacques Cohen Jacques Cohen may refer to: * Jacques Cohen (embryologist) (born 1951), Dutch embryologist * Jacques Cohen (computer scientist) Jacques Cohen is a professor emeritus of computer science and of the Volen National Center for Complex Systems at Bran ...

(embryologist, director at

reprogenetics New eugenics, also known as liberal eugenics (a term coined by bioethicist Nicholas Agar), advocates enhancing human characteristics and capacities through the use of reproductive technology and human genetic engineering. Those who advocate new ...

) *

Maria Lynn Ehren Maria Lynn Ehren (), known professionally as Maria Poonlertlarp (, , ; born January 18, 1992), is a Swedish-Thai actress, model, activist and beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss Universe Thailand 2017. She represented Thailand at Miss Univers ...

(

Miss Universe Thailand 2017 Miss Universe Thailand 2017 was the 18th edition of the Miss Universe Thailand pageant held at Royal Paragon Hall, Siam Paragon in Bangkok on 29 July 2017. The previous winner, Chalita Suansane from Samut Prakan crowned Maria Poonlertlarp a ...

) * Julia Kotlarsky (New Zealand academic in information systems and outsourcing) *

(former Dutch

field hockey Field hockey (or simply referred to as hockey in some countries where ice hockey is not popular) is a team sport structured in standard hockey format, in which each team plays with 11 players in total, made up of 10 field players and a goalk ...

international) *

Prince Johan-Friso of Orange-Nassau Prince Friso of Orange-Nassau (; 25 September 1968 – 12 August 2013) was the second son of Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands and Claus von Amsberg, and younger brother of King Willem-Alexander. Friso was a member of the Dutch Royal Family, but ...

(2nd son of

Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands Beatrix (Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard, ; born 31 January 1938) is a member of the Dutch royal house who reigned as Queen of the Netherlands from 30 April 1980 until her abdication in 2013. Beatrix was born during the reign of her maternal gra ...

) * Maria Oudeman,

Dutch Dutch or Nederlands commonly refers to: * Something of, from, or related to the Netherlands ** Dutch people as an ethnic group () ** Dutch nationality law, history and regulations of Dutch citizenship () ** Dutch language () * In specific terms, i ...

businesswoman and former President of

Utrecht University Utrecht University (UU; , formerly ''Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht'') is a public university, public research university in Utrecht, Netherlands. Established , it is one of the oldest universities in the Netherlands. In 2023, it had an enrollment of ...

(MBA, joint with

University of Rochester The University of Rochester is a private university, private research university in Rochester, New York, United States. It was founded in 1850 and moved into its current campus, next to the Genesee River in 1930. With approximately 30,000 full ...

New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York New York may also refer to: Places United Kingdom * ...

) * Drs. P (singer and writer) * Sander Schimmelpenninck, opinion writer & -commentator, and television presenter *

(former Indonesian

badminton Badminton is a racquet sport played using racket (sports equipment), racquets to hit a shuttlecock across a net (device), net. Although it may be played with larger teams, the most common forms of the game are "singles" (with one player per s ...

player) *

Marianne Thieme Marianne Louise Thieme (; born 6 March 1972) is a Dutch politician, author and animal rights activist. A jurist and theologian by education, she served as the Party for the Animals' political leader from 2002 to 2019 and a member of the House of R ...

(well known Dutch animal activist and politician) *

Samuel Kofi Woods Samuel Kofi Woods (born May 1, 1964) is a Liberian human rights activist, journalist, politician and academic. In 1994, he founded the Forefront Organization, which documented human rights abuses during the Second Liberian Civil War. Biography Wo ...

(Liberian human rights activist and journalist)

References

External links

Erasmus University RotterdamErasmus University Rotterdam datasets
{{Authority control Universities and colleges established in 1913 Universities in the Netherlands 1913 establishments in the Netherlands