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Guido Imbens
Guido Wilhelmus Imbens (born 3 September 1963) is a Dutch-American economist whose research concerns econometrics and statistics. He holds the Applied Econometrics Professorship in Economics at the Stanford Graduate School of Business at Stanford University, where he has taught since 2012. In 2021, Imbens was awarded half of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences jointly with Joshua Angrist "for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships." Their work focused on natural experiments, which can offer empirical data in contexts where controlled experimentation may be expensive, time-consuming, or unethical. In 1994 Imbens and Angrist introduced the local average treatment effect (LATE) framework, an influential mathematical methodology for reliably inferring causation from natural experiments that accounted for and defined the limitations of such inferences. Imbens' work with Angrist, together with the work of Alan Krueger and co-recipient ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geldrop
Geldrop is a town in the Dutch province of North Brabant. It is in the municipality of Geldrop-Mierlo, around 5km east of Eindhoven's city centre. Geldrop was a separate municipality until 2004, when it merged with Mierlo. As of 2023, Geldrop has a population of approximately 29.245 residents. Geldrop is noted for having a neighbourhood with streets named after characters and elements from the works of J. R. R. Tolkien. Geography Geldrop is situated near the city of Eindhoven, making it part of the Eindhoven metropolitan area. The village is characterized by its picturesque settings, surrounded by natural landscapes including forests and meadows which are part of the larger Strabrechtse Heide, an extensive heathland area. The A67 motorway (part of European route E34) links Geldrop with Eindhoven. Geldrop railway station is on the Eindhoven–Weert line. History Geldrop has proven a fertile ground for archaeological digs, with finds from various historical and prehi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stanford Graduate School Of Business
The Stanford Graduate School of Business is the Postgraduate education, graduate business school of Stanford University, a Private university, private research university in Stanford, California. For several years it has been the most selective business school in the United States, admitting only about 6% of applicants. Stanford GSB offers a general management Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree, the Sloan Fellows, MSx Program (Master of Science, MS in Management for mid-career executives), Stanford LEAD Online Business Program and a Doctorate of Science, PhD program, along with joint degrees with other schools at Stanford, including Stanford University School of Earth, Energy & Environmental Sciences, Earth Sciences, Stanford University Graduate School of Education, Education, Stanford University School of Engineering, Engineering, Stanford Law School, Law, and Stanford University School of Medicine, Medicine. History The school was founded in 1925 when trustee Herb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erasmus University Rotterdam
Erasmus University Rotterdam ( ; abbreviated as EUR) is a public research university located in Rotterdam, Netherlands. The university is named after Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus, a 15th-century Christian humanist and theologian. Erasmus MC, the teaching hospital and medical school of Erasmus University, is one of the largest medical institutions in Western Europe and the foremost medical and trauma centers in the Netherlands. In addition, its economics and business schools, Erasmus School of Economics and Rotterdam School of Management, have an international reputation. History Erasmus University Rotterdam was founded on 8 November 1913 as the Netherlands School of Commerce (, or NHH) through private initiative with broad support from the business community of Rotterdam. In 1937, the school was recognized as a higher educational institute with university status, providing education in commerce and economics as an academic discipline. This resulted in a change of its name ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jan Tinbergen
Jan Tinbergen ( , ; 12 April 1903 – 9 June 1994) was a Dutch economist who was awarded the first Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1969, which he shared with Ragnar Frisch for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes. He is widely considered to be one of the most influential economists of the 20th century and one of the founding fathers of econometrics.Magnus, Jan & Mary S. Morgan (1987) ''The ET Interview: Professor J. Tinbergen'' in: 'Econometric Theory 3, 1987, 117-142. His important contributions to econometrics include the development of the first macroeconometric models, the solution of the identification problem, and the understanding of dynamic models. Tinbergen was a founding trustee of Economists for Peace and Security. In 1945, he founded the Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis (CPB) and was the agency's first director. Biography Tinbergen was the eldest of five children of Dirk Cornelis Tinbergen and Jean ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Econometrics
Econometrics is an application of statistical methods to economic data in order to give empirical content to economic relationships. M. Hashem Pesaran (1987). "Econometrics", '' The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics'', v. 2, p. 8 p. 8–22 Reprinted in J. Eatwell ''et al.'', eds. (1990). ''Econometrics: The New Palgrave''p. 1 p. 1–34Abstract ( 2008 revision by J. Geweke, J. Horowitz, and H. P. Pesaran). More precisely, it is "the quantitative analysis of actual economic phenomena based on the concurrent development of theory and observation, related by appropriate methods of inference." An introductory economics textbook describes econometrics as allowing economists "to sift through mountains of data to extract simple relationships." Jan Tinbergen is one of the two founding fathers of econometrics. The other, Ragnar Frisch, also coined the term in the sense in which it is used today. A basic tool for econometrics is the multiple linear regression model. ''Econome ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eindhovens Dagblad
''Eindhovens Dagblad'' is a daily Dutch newspaper based in the city of Eindhoven. In 2017 it had a circulation of about 80,000. History ''Eindhovensch Dagblad'' first appeared on 23 December 1911. In 1963 it was bought by the owner of its competitor ''Oost-Brabant''. The two papers merged and continued under the Eindhovensch Dagblad name. A year later the ''Nieuwe Eindhovense Krant'' also merged into this newspaper which had a minor change in its name due to a change in Dutch spelling: ''Eindhovens Dagblad''. In 1967 it was bought by Verenigde Nederlandse Uitgeversbedrijven (VNU), which also acquired the ''Helmonds Dagblad''. In 1993 Helmonds Dagblad ceased publication and Eindhovens Dagblad expanded coverage in Helmond Helmond (; called ''Hèllemond'' in the local dialect) is a List of cities in the Netherlands by province, city and Municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality in the Metropoolregio Eindhoven of the Provinces of the Netherlands, province of .... In 199 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Credibility Revolution
In economics, the credibility revolution was the movement towards improved reliability in empirical economics through a focus on the quality of research design and the use of more experimental and quasi experimental methods. Developing in the 1990s and early 2000s, this movement was aided by advances in theoretical econometric understanding, but was especially driven by research studies that focused on the use of clean and credible research designs. Studies driving the credibility revolution have made use of better quality data, and also econometric techniques such as difference in differences, instrumental variables, regression discontinuity, natural experiments, and even, when funding and opportunity permit, true randomized experiments. These techniques have made it possible (in principle) to distinguish between correlation and causality better than methods previously used. The 2021 Nobel Prize in Economics was awarded to David Card, Joshua Angrist and Guido Imbens for th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Card
David Edward Card (born 1956) is a Canadian-American labour economist and the Class of 1950 Professor of Economics at the University of California, Berkeley, where he has been since 1997. He was awarded half of the 2021 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences "for his empirical contributions to labour economics", with Joshua Angrist and Guido Imbens jointly awarded the other half. Early life and career David Card was born in Guelph, Ontario, in 1956. His parents were dairy farmers. Card is a graduate of John F. Ross Collegiate Vocational Institute, he attended it between the years of 1970 to 1975. Card was originally pursuing a degree in physics, before eventually switching to economics. He then earned his Bachelor of Arts degree from Queen's University in 1978 and his Ph.D. degree in economics in 1983 from Princeton University, after completing a doctoral dissertation titled "Indexation in long term labor contracts" under the supervision of Orley Ashenfelter. Card bega ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alan Krueger
Alan Bennett Krueger (September 17, 1960 – March 16, 2019) was an American economist who was the James Madison Professor of Political Economy at Princeton University and Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research. He served as Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Economic Policy, nominated by President Barack Obama, from May 2009 to October 2010, when he returned to Princeton. He was nominated in 2011 by Obama as chair of the White House Council of Economic Advisers, and served in that office from November 2011 to August 2013. He was among the 50 highest ranked economists in the world according to Research Papers in Economics. He made innovative use of natural experiments in economics, including influential research in the 1990s that challenged the dominant perspective in economics at the time that minimum wage adversely affected employment. He also made prominent contributions to research on inequality and the economic effects of education. Early life ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Local Average Treatment Effect
In econometrics and related empirical fields, the local average treatment effect (LATE), also known as the complier average causal effect (CACE), is the effect of a treatment for subjects who comply with the experimental treatment assigned to their sample group. It is not to be confused with the average treatment effect (ATE), which includes compliers and non-compliers together. Compliance refers to the human-subject response to a proposed experimental treatment condition. Similar to the ATE, the LATE is calculated but does not include non-compliant parties. If the goal is to evaluate the effect of a treatment in ideal, compliant subjects, the LATE value will give a more precise estimate. However, it may lack external validity by ignoring the effect of non-compliance that is likely to occur in the real-world deployment of a treatment method. The LATE can be estimated by a ratio of the estimated intent-to-treat effect and the estimated proportion of compliers, or alternatively throu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scientific Control
A scientific control is an experiment or observation designed to minimize the effects of variables other than the independent variable (i.e. confounding variables). This increases the reliability of the results, often through a comparison between control measurements and the other measurements. Scientific controls are a part of the scientific method. Controlled experiments Controls eliminate alternate explanations of experimental results, especially experimental errors and experimenter bias. Many controls are specific to the type of experiment being performed, as in the molecular markers used in SDS-PAGE experiments, and may simply have the purpose of ensuring that the equipment is working properly. The selection and use of proper controls to ensure that experimental results are valid (for example, absence of confounding variables) can be very difficult. Control measurements may also be used for other purposes: for example, a measurement of a microphone's background noise in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natural Experiment
A natural experiment is a study in which individuals (or clusters of individuals) are exposed to the experimental and control conditions that are determined by nature or by other factors outside the control of the investigators. The process governing the exposures arguably resembles random assignment. Thus, natural experiments are ''observational studies'' and are not controlled in the traditional sense of a randomized experiment (an ''intervention study''). Natural experiments are most useful when there has been a clearly defined exposure involving a well defined subpopulation (and the absence of exposure in a similar subpopulation) such that changes in outcomes may be plausibly attributed to the exposure. In this sense, the difference between a natural experiment and a non-experimental observational study is that the former includes a comparison of conditions that pave the way for causal inference, but the latter does not. Natural experiments are employed as study designs whe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
