''Entergalactic'' is the eighth studio album by American musician

Kid Cudi Scott Ramon Seguro Mescudi (born January 30, 1984), also known by his stage name Kid Cudi ( ; formerly stylized as KiD CuDi), is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer, actor, and fashion designer. Born and raised in Clevelan ...

. The album was issued on September 30, 2022, by

Republic Records Republic Records is an American record label owned by Universal Music Group (UMG). Based in New York City, it was founded by Avery Lipman and Monte Lipman as an independent label in 1995, and was acquired by UMG in 2000. Republic was initially ...

and Cudi's Wicked Awesome imprint. The album was released alongside its visual component, an adult animated special of the same name, starring Cudi, exclusively on

Netflix Netflix is an American subscription video on-demand over-the-top streaming service. The service primarily distributes original and acquired films and television shows from various genres, and it is available internationally in multiple lang ...

. This album features guest vocals from

Ty Dolla Sign Tyrone William Griffin Jr. (born April 13, 1982), known professionally as Ty Dolla Sign (stylized as Ty Dolla $ign or Ty$), is an American singer, songwriter, rapper, and record producer. Born and raised in Los Angeles, California, Griffin gai ...

2 Chainz Tauheed K. Epps (born September 12, 1977), known professionally as 2 Chainz (formerly Tity Boi), is an American rapper and actor. Born and raised in College Park, Georgia, he gained recognition as one-half of the Southern hip-hop duo Playaz Ci ...

Steve Aoki Steven Hiroyuki Aoki ( , ; born November 30, 1977) is an American DJ and record producer. In 2012, Pollstar designated Aoki as the highest-grossing electronic dance music artist in North America from tours. In 2024, Gold House recognized him as ...

and

Don Toliver Caleb Zackery "Don" Toliver ( ; born June 12, 1994) is an American rapper and singer. He emerged to fame in 2018 with the release of his debut mixtape, ''Donny Womack'', and his feature on the song "Can't Say" by fellow Houston rapper Travis Sco ...

. The album was initially announced in a 2019 press release, revealing an animated music series created by Cudi, alongside American film producer

Kenya Barris Kenya Barris (born August 9, 1974) is an American film and television writer, producer, director, and actor. He is best known as the creator of the ABC sitcom ''Black-ish'' (2014–2022). Early life and education Barris, the second-youngest am ...

, for Netflix, with the album and the series to be released the same day. The dual projects would later be delayed into 2022 in favor of Cudi focusing on the release of '' Man on the Moon III: The Chosen'' (2020). The album includes

production Production may refer to: Economics and business * Production (economics) * Production, the act of manufacturing goods * Production, in the outline of industrial organization, the act of making products (goods and services) * Production as a stat ...

from high-profile record producers such as

Dot da Genius Oladipo Omishore (born July 17, 1986), known professionally as Dot da Genius, is an American record producer and audio engineer. He first gained recognition for his production on Kid Cudi's 2008 single "Day 'n' Nite"; the two would later form th ...

Plain Pat Patrick Reynolds, known professionally as Plain Pat, is an American record producer, Talent Manager#Music manager, talent manager, record executive and disc jockey (DJ). He is perhaps best known for his work with American rapper Kid Cudi, havin ...

, Gazzo, Hot Sugar, Jean-Baptiste,

Skrillex Sonny John Moore (born January 15, 1988), known professionally as Skrillex, is an American DJ, record producer, musician, singer. Raised in Northeast Los Angeles and Northern California, he began his career in 2004 as the lead vocalist of the ...

WondaGurl Ebony Naomi Oshunrinde (born December 28, 1996), professionally known as WondaGurl, is a Canadian record producer, songwriter and record executive. Early life Ebony Naomi Oshunrinde was born on December 28, 1996 at the Scarborough Grace Hospital ...

and Take a Daytrip, among others. Additionally the album features

guest appearance The term guest appearance generally denotes the appearance of a guest in an artistic or pop-culture setting. The guests themselves (referred to as guest artists, featured artists, guest stars, or guest fighters, depending on context), are disting ...

s from

and

. ''Entergalactic'' was preceded by two

singles Singles are people not in a committed relationship. Singles may also refer to: Film and television * ''Singles'' (miniseries), a 1984 Australian television series * ''Singles'' (1992 film), written and directed by Cameron Crowe * ''Singles'' ...

in support of the album, "Do What I Want" and " Willing to Trust".

Background

In 2009, Cudi released his debut studio album '' Man on the Moon: The End of Day'', to critical acclaim. The album included a song titled "Enter Galactic (Love Connection Part I)", a "trippy disco

anthem An anthem is a musical composition of celebration, usually used as a symbol for a distinct group, particularly the national anthems of countries. Originally, and in music theory and religious contexts, it also refers more particularly to sho ...

" that was inspired by when he and a female friend ate

psilocybin mushroom Psilocybin mushrooms, or psilocybin-containing mushrooms, commonly known as magic mushrooms or as shrooms, are a type of hallucinogenic mushroom and a polyphyletic informal group of fungi that contain the prodrug psilocybin, which turns into t ...

s and listened to music by

The Postal Service The Postal Service was an American indie pop group from Seattle, Seattle, Washington, consisting of singer Ben Gibbard, producer Dntel, Jimmy Tamborello (also known by his stage name, Dntel), and Jenny Lewis on background vocals. The band relea ...

together. In late 2009, Cudi began performing a song titled "Deep Sleep (Love Connection Part II)", which serves as a sequel to the original song, however it was never officially released. In July 2019, Kid Cudi announced a full-length project with the title reminiscent of the 2009 album cut, ''Entergalactic'', which he revealed would soundtrack an upcoming

" adult-focused animated music series" co-created by himself and ''

Black-ish ''Black-ish'' (stylized as black·''ish'') is an American sitcom television series created by Kenya Barris. It aired on ABC from September 24, 2014, to April 19, 2022, running for eight seasons with 176 episodes. ''Black-ish'' follows an uppe ...

'' creator

. In ''

Complex Complex commonly refers to: * Complexity, the behaviour of a system whose components interact in multiple ways so possible interactions are difficult to describe ** Complex system, a system composed of many components which may interact with each ...

''s September 2019 cover story, Cudi shared more details on what to expect from the album. Cudi told ''Complex''s Karizza Sanchez he "needed to do something different" this time around with his music, which led to the decision to create a project that would narrate the first season of his Netflix show. "A lot of the songs aren't really from the Scott perspective; they're from the perspective of the character," he explained. Cudi added: "A lot of the songs are about love and relationships. I'm not in a relationship right now, so it's purely written from my imagination and writing as this character." This new approach brought excitement back to the music-making process for Cudi, who had considered taking five years off from music. Cudi went on to say, "I had this idea for the show, and then it was like, 'how can we incorporate the music? How can we have the music be a part of the show?' I initially wanted to make a

visual album A visual album is a type of concept album in which the album is accompanied by a feature-length film or individual music videos for every song. Usually, the film, or "visuals", emphasize the album's overall theme and serve as the "visual vehicle" ...

, but I was like, that's been done before. How can we give it a little twist? How can we do something different? That's how I came up with the idea for the show, '' Entergalactic''. I'm trying my hardest to still introduce new sounds and push the envelope, sonically. So it's still gonna be like everything that people love about Kid Cudi music. The only difference is that it's gonna be told from a different perspective. Some songs, not all songs." Edwin Ortiz of ''Complex'' wrote, "along with the different perspective, fans can expect ''Entergalactic'' to highlight Cudi's rap abilities and thoughts on love." Reiterating what Cudi had said, "I have some songs where I'm just rapping—it's just Cudi having fun again, and I think people miss that side of me. I used to do that a lot on my mixtape, so getting back into that was fun, and I think people are gonna be into it. I think this lbumis my perspective on love, and people haven't really heard that. I'm not somebody who makes R&B music, and I'm not somebody who makes lovey-dovey songs like that. I've just never really had much luck in relationships, so I've never had anything to write from. And if I did write about my relationships, it would've been all disasters, so I needed something to inspire me to get me there, to wanna write about relationships, and this show did it for me." In a November 2019 interview, when speaking on the dual projects, Kenya Barris said, "The idea of there's never been an album and a series dropped at the same time, so each song will have a 30-minute narrative that kind of explains what that song is about and it's a love story . . . It's a youthful love story told through Cudi's music." When speaking on working with Cudi, Barris said, he is someone who "created his own lane" by giving voice to issues often left ignored by other artists at the time of his ascension. Barris added, "He was one of the first rappers to sort of start talking about

mental illness A mental disorder, also referred to as a mental illness, a mental health condition, or a psychiatric disability, is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning. A mental disorder is ...

, his sort of depression ... We started talking and he's a huge fan of animation and that notion of animation lasts forever." While the music component of ''Entergalactic'' is an "amazing album" of "bangers", the series portion aims to give each track a full backstory. In September 2022, Cudi revealed the album is dedicated to his deceased friend, American fashion designer

Virgil Abloh Virgil Abloh (; September 30, 1980 – November 28, 2021) was an American fashion designer and entrepreneur. A trained architect, Abloh founded his own line of luxury streetwear clothing under the moniker Pyrex Vision in 2012, which he transfor ...

, detailing how the album's release date is also the birth date of Abloh.

Recording and production

''Entergalactic'' is an

alternative R&B Alternative R&B (also referred to as alt-R&B, indie R&B, and originally known as PBR&B, hipster R&B, emo R&B, or R-Neg-B) is a term used by music journalists to describe a stylistic alternative to contemporary R&B that began in the mid 2000s and ...

album that was recorded in 2019. In a July 2019 interview with Kerwin Frost, American drummer

Travis Barker Travis Landon Barker (born November 14, 1975) is an American musician, songwriter, and music producer who is the drummer for the rock band Blink-182. He has collaborated with hip hop artists, is a member of the rap rock group Transplants ...

revealed he had produced a track for Cudi saying "it has a

Nirvana Nirvana, in the Indian religions (Jainism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Sikhism), is the concept of an individual's passions being extinguished as the ultimate state of salvation, release, or liberation from suffering ('' duḥkha'') and from the ...

sample but it's on some Cudi rap shit." In a November 2019 interview, American TV producer Kenya Barris said that Cudi fans can expect

, and

Gucci Mane Radric Delantic Davis (born February 12, 1980), known professionally as Gucci Mane, is an American rapper. He is credited, along with fellow Atlanta-based rappers T.I. and Jeezy, with pioneering the hip hop subgenre trap music for mainstream a ...

to appear on the album. In a December 2020 interview with

Zane Lowe Alexander Zane Reed Lowe (born 1973) is a New Zealand radio DJ, live DJ, record producer, and television presenter. After an early career in music creation, production and DJing, he moved to the UK in 1997. He came to prominence through pr ...

for

Apple Music Apple Music is an audio and video streaming service developed by Apple Inc. Users can select music to stream to their device on-demand, or listen to existing playlists. The service also includes the sister internet radio stations Apple Musi ...

, Cudi detailed how he went from working on ''Entergalactic'' and ''The Scotts'' (his collaborative album with Houston-based rapper

Travis Scott Jacques Bermon Webster III (born April 30, 1991), known professionally as Travis Scott (formerly stylized as Travi$ Scott), is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, and record producer. Scott has had five number-one hits on the U.S. ''Bil ...

) to ultimately working on the final installment of his ''Man on the Moon'' trilogy. In September 2021, Cudi took to Twitter to thank the team that helped bring the project to fruition, and reassured fans they would not be disappointed: "Wait til y'all hear and see ''Entergalactic''. U have no idea. I really wanna thank Kenya Barris, Mike Moon, Elizabeth Porter and the whole team for believing in my vision and helping bring it to life. Everything about this show is next level. Ull see." On January 24, 2022, Cudi took to Twitter to write "''ENTERGALACTIC'' is the greatest piece of art Ive ever made. I am so sooo fuckin proud of this show. U have no idea what ur in for. 3 years in the making. Id say watch the show first then consume the album." He also confirmed the album will be released on the same day as the show, while revealing his favorite part about the whole creation process. "The voice acting was the most fun", he said. "the music too but Ive always wanted to do more voice acting and idk it was like another dream come true foreal." Shortly after revealing the first single's release date, Cudi divulged information about how "Do What I Want" fits into his collaborative history with production duo Take a Daytrip, revealing the single was the first song he had ever created with Daytrip (prior to his number-one single "

The Scotts "The Scotts" (stylized in all caps) is a song by American hip hop super-duo the Scotts, composed of rappers and singers Travis Scott and Kid Cudi. It was released in various formats, including on 7-inch vinyl, cassette and as a CD single throu ...

") and he subsequently began heavily collaborating with them for ''Man on the Moon III: The Chosen'', thereafter. In an August 2022 interview with ''

Esquire Esquire (, ; abbreviated Esq.) is usually a courtesy title. In the United Kingdom, ''esquire'' historically was a title of respect accorded to men of higher social rank, particularly members of the landed gentry above the rank of gentleman ...

'', Cudi revealed he recorded the music first—"a suite of songs on the beauty of being freed by love"—and worked backward to

storyboard A storyboard is a graphic organizer that consists of simple illustrations or images displayed in sequence for the purpose of pre-visualizing a motion picture, animation, motion graphic or interactive media sequence. The storyboarding proce ...

the narrative before hiring a writing team to script it. As a project, ''Entergalactic'' started with three songs, but then the developing film elements began to shape the later songs and vice versa.

Release and promotion

In April 2020, Cudi previewed a song titled "Do What I Want", which he said would be included on ''Entergalactic''. Cudi shared the preview during a Thursday night

Instagram Live Instagram is an American photo and short-form video sharing social networking service owned by Meta Platforms. It allows users to upload media that can be edited with filters, be organized by hashtags, and be associated with a location via ...

session with '' Black AF'' stars

Rashida Jones Rashida Leah Jones ( ; born February 25, 1976) is an American actress and filmmaker. She is best known for her roles as Louisa Fenn on the Fox drama series ''Boston Public'' (2000–2002), Karen Filippelli on the NBC comedy series ''The Offic ...

and Kenya Barris, the latter of whom serves as an executive producer on the series that will coincide with the album. Although the album was originally set for a 2020 release, it was pushed back due to Cudi releasing his long-awaited '' Man on the Moon III: The Chosen'' album instead. In January 2021, when asked by a fan on Twitter why ''Entergalactic''s new release date says 2022 on Netflix, Cudi responded, " ecausethat's when it drops. I just gave y'all an album y'all gotta chill and be patient fr man I'm not doin an album every year." On May 17, 2021, Kid Cudi reiterated both the Netflix show and ''Entergalactic'' would arrive sometime next year in a tweet that read, "''Entergalactic'' album and show droppin 2022 end of summer!! Recorded the first season and couldn't be more hyped for yall to see. Ur gonna be blown away. Next level shit only. Changing the game as always." Later on May 20, Cudi previewed a song from the album on his

Instagram Instagram is an American photo sharing, photo and Short-form content, short-form video sharing social networking service owned by Meta Platforms. It allows users to upload media that can be edited with Social media camera filter, filters, be ...

story, unveiling a snippet of a song tentatively titled "Wild". In September 2021, Cudi released a short trailer in promotion for the Netflix series, which revealed the music would be produced by his longtime collaborators

and

. On September 11, Cudi teamed up with Richie Akiva, who ''

Forbes ''Forbes'' () is an American business magazine founded by B. C. Forbes in 1917. It has been owned by the Hong Kong–based investment group Integrated Whale Media Investments since 2014. Its chairman and editor-in-chief is Steve Forbes. The co ...

'' dubbed "The King of New York Nightlife", to host "a new late night experience" called Entergalactic. The event was held during

New York Fashion Week New York Fashion Week (NYFW), held in February and September of each year, is a semi-annual series of events in Manhattan typically spanning seven to nine days when international Fashion design, fashion collections are shown to buyers, the pres ...

and among the guests were Travis Scott,

ASAP Rocky Rakim Athelaston Mayers (born October 3, 1988), known professionally as ASAP Rocky ( ; stylized as A$AP Rocky), is an American rapper. Born and raised in Harlem, he embarked on his musical career as a member of the hip hop music, hip hop coll ...

Chance the Rapper Chancelor Johnathan Bennett (born April 16, 1993), known professionally as Chance the Rapper, is an American rapper. Born and raised in Chicago, Illinois, he released his debut mixtape '' 10 Day'' (2012) during one of his high school suspension ...

French Montana Karim Kharbouch (Moroccan Arabic, Arabic: IPA pronunciation, æɾiːm χɑɾbuːʃ born November 9, 1984), better known by his stage name French Montana, is a Moroccan-American rapper. Born and raised in Morocco, he immigrated to New York ...

Joey Badass Jo-Vaughn Virginie Scott (born January 20, 1995), known professionally as Joey Badass (stylized as Joey Bada$$), is an American rapper and actor. Born in Brooklyn, New York City, he formed the regional hip-hop group Pro Era in 2011, with whom h ...

Kehlani Kehlani Ashley Parrish ( ; born April 24, 1995) is an American singer, songwriter and dancer. She is originally from Oakland, California, and achieved initial fame as a member of the teen pop group PopLyfe in 2011. Kehlani's debut mixtape, '' ...

and

Vic Mensa Victor Kwesi Mensah (born June 6, 1993), known professionally as Vic Mensa, is an American rapper. Born and raised in Chicago, he was a member of the regional hip hop groups Kids These Days (band), Kids These Days and Savemoney prior to releasing ...

, among others. During his 2021 headlining performance at the Rolling Loud music festival, Cudi revealed intentions on releasing two full-length projects in 2022, with plans of releasing an album prior to ''Entergalactic'' "I have ''Entergalactic'' coming in the summer, and I wanna drop another album before that. I got some tasty surprises and I'm really excited about all this new shit, this new music, to give to you guys," he said before playing a recording of a song that has since been dubbed "Freshie", concluding with "That's why I'm teasing this shit now because it's coming out soon." The songs "Wild" and "Freshie" were seemingly set to appear on the unreleased album before ''Entergalactic''. On April 24, 2022, Cudi took to Twitter to write "''Entergalactic'' is gonna be something really fucking special. Minds will melt. This cast?? The MUSIC?? Listen. U heard it here first. Remember this tweet. Stay tuned for more news in June!" On June 10, 2022, Cudi released the album's lead single, titled "Do What I Want". On July 12, Cudi revealed on Twitter that the official trailer for the show would premiere in August featuring two new songs, with one of the songs set to be released as the second single. On September 12, Netflix unveiled a new trailer for ''Entergalactic''. On September 16, Cudi announced "Willing to Trust", included in the trailer, as the album's second single, featuring vocals from fellow American singer Ty Dolla Sign. In September 2022, Cudi starred in an advertisement for Bose, alongside American football player

Joe Burrow Joseph Lee Burrow (born December 10, 1996) is an American professional American football, football quarterback for the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Ohio State Buckeyes football, O ...

, with the ''Entergalactic'' album cut "Burrow" playing throughout the commercial. On September 28, 2022, Cudi appeared on ''

The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon ''The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon'' is an American late-night talk show hosted by actor and comedian Jimmy Fallon that airs on NBC. The show premiered on February 17, 2014, and is produced by Broadway Video and Universal Television. It i ...

'', where he was interviewed to promote the album and performed the single "Willing to Trust" alongside Ty Dolla Sign. Upon the project's release, Cudi partnered with Staple and Netflix to release promotional merchandise. The collection features t-shirts, jackets, and beanies, also including a disposable camera and a skate deck. When announcing the album, Cudi also revealed his role as Jabari in the upcoming film he announced when the album was announced.

Critical reception

''Entergalactic'' was met with generally positive reviews from

music critic '' The Oxford Companion to Music'' defines music criticism as "the intellectual activity of formulating judgments on the value and degree of excellence of individual works of music, or whole groups or genres". In this sense, it is a branch of m ...

s. At

Metacritic Metacritic is an American website that aggregates reviews of films, television shows, music albums, video games, and formerly books. For each product, the scores from each review are averaged (a weighted average). Metacritic was created ...

, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from professional publications, the album received an

average In colloquial, ordinary language, an average is a single number or value that best represents a set of data. The type of average taken as most typically representative of a list of numbers is the arithmetic mean the sum of the numbers divided by ...

score of 75, based on four reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Neil Yeung of

AllMusic AllMusic (previously known as All-Music Guide and AMG) is an American online database, online music database. It catalogs more than three million album entries and 30 million tracks, as well as information on Musical artist, musicians and Mus ...

gave it a 4 out of 5 rating, writing "paired with the highly stylized animation and outer space scene-scapes that pull viewers in and out of modern-day Manhattan, ''Entergalactic'' is one of Cudi's most engaging listens, boosted by a balanced blend of hedonist club anthems ('Can't Believe It' with 2 Chainz, 'Do What I Want'), ethereal instrumentals ('Entergalactic Theme'), and lovelorn yearnings ('Angel', 'Ignite the Love')." Mark Braboy of ''

Rolling Stone ''Rolling Stone'' is an American monthly magazine that focuses on music, politics, and popular culture. It was founded in San Francisco, California, in 1967 by Jann Wenner and the music critic Ralph J. Gleason. The magazine was first known fo ...

'' wrote "''Entergalactic'' continues in the same sonic vein as his 2020 effort, ''Man on the Moon III: The Chosen'', with creamy, dreamy production via longtime collaborator Dot da Genius. This time out, though, the sad, melodramatic tone of Cudi's previous work has been replaced with focused lyrics about falling in love and what it's like to finally open your heart after having it broken so many times." Joshua Robinson of ''

HotNewHipHop ''HotNewHipHop'' (HNHH) is an online publication that covers daily news about hip hop and pop culture, including streetwear, sports, and Sneaker collecting, sneakers. In addition to its editorial content, HotNewHipHop also produces the video seri ...

'' concluded with "for his eighth studio album, Kid Cudi has delivered yet another strong non-MOTM effort, and while he can definitely be commended for releasing an album and dropping a Netflix show on the same day, what's really important to point out is that ''Entergalactic'' stands on its own as an LP, with most of its best songs being unassisted solo tracks." Jaelani Williams of ''

'' noted "Guests on ''Entergalactic'' enhance the album's affectionate nature, most notably being Ty Dolla Sign who flawlessly harmonizes with Cudi on 'Willing to Trust'. On solo tracks, including standouts 'New Mode', 'Do What I Want', and 'Ignite the Love', Cudi is at his most energetic and spacey, giving fans ''Man on the Moon'' nostalgia."

Accolades

Commercial performance

''Entergalactic'' debuted at number 13 on the US ''Billboard'' 200 chart, earning 22,500

album-equivalent units The album-equivalent unit, or album equivalent, often shortened to just unit, is a sales metric in the music industry that defines the number of streaming media, songs streamed and music download, songs downloaded equal to one Record sales, tradi ...

in its first week. This became Cudi's seventh US top-20 debut on the chart. By December 2022, the album had sold 124,000 units.

Track listing

Note * indicates an additional producer * indicates a vocal producer Sample credits * "Livin' My Truth" contains a

interpolation In the mathematics, mathematical field of numerical analysis, interpolation is a type of estimation, a method of constructing (finding) new data points based on the range of a discrete set of known data points. In engineering and science, one ...

of " Simply Beautiful", written and performed by

Al Green Albert Leornes Greene (born April 13, 1946), known professionally as Al Green, is an American singer, songwriter, pastor and record producer. He is best known for recording a series of soul hit singles in the early 1970s, including " Tired of ...

. * "Maybe So" contains a sample of "Crumbling Together", written and performed by Mid-Air Thief. * "Somewhere to Fly" contains a sample of "Tonight", as performed by

iLoveMakonnen Makonnen Kamali Sheran (born April 12, 1989), better known by his stage name iLoveMakonnen (often stylized as ILOVEMAKONNEN), is an American rapper and singer. He is best known for his 2014 single " Tuesday", which initially gained recognition ...

and written by Makonnen Sheran,

Gary Hill Gary Hill (born April 4, 1951) is an American artist who lives and works in Seattle, Washington. Often viewed as one of the foundational artists of new media art, based on the single-channel work and video- and sound-based installations of the 1 ...

, David Cunningham and Valentin Blavatnik.

Personnel

Credits adapted from the liner notes of ''Entergalactic''. *

– vocals, executive production *

– executive production *

Joe LaPorta Joseph J. LaPorta (born January 19, 1980) is an American mastering engineer at Sterling Sound in Edgewater, New Jersey. Career LaPorta was born in New York and grew up there; he graduated from New York University with a bachelor's degree in ...

– mastering * William J. Sullivan – mixing (all tracks),

engineering Engineering is the practice of using natural science, mathematics, and the engineering design process to Problem solving#Engineering, solve problems within technology, increase efficiency and productivity, and improve Systems engineering, s ...

(1–13) * Finis "KY" White – mixing (8) * Andrés Osorio – engineering (3, 6, 15) * Nolan Presley – engineering (8) * Steve Velez – engineering,

programming Program (American English; also Commonwealth English in terms of computer programming and related activities) or programme (Commonwealth English in all other meanings), programmer, or programming may refer to: Business and management * Program m ...

, string arrangement (10) * Iain Findlay – engineering (14) * Derek "206derek" Anderson – vocal mixing (15) * Patrik Ehrenblad-Plummer – additional engineering (3) * Chris Kahn – engineering assistance (1–4, 6–8, 10, 11) * Taylor Jackson – engineering assistance (5) * Jim McMillen – engineering assistance (10) *

Pharrell Williams Pharrell Lanscilo Williams (; born April 5, 1973), also known mononymously as Pharrell, is an American musician, singer, songwriter, rapper, record producer, and fashion designer. He first became known as one half of the music production duo ...

– background vocals (6) * Ken "Duro" Ifill – A&R * Chloe Clements – A&R coordinator * Fletcher Moules –

art direction Art director is a title for a variety of similar job functions in theater, advertising, marketing, publishing, fashion, live-action and animated film and television, the Internet, and video games. It is the charge of a sole art director to super ...

and design * Michał Sawtyruk – cover paintings

Charts

Release history

References