Eliezer Toledano
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Eliezer Toledano (; born 12 October 1973) is an Israeli
Aluf ( or "first/leader of a group" in Biblical Hebrew) is a senior military rank in the Israel Defence Forces (IDF) for officers who in other countries would have the rank of general, air marshal, or admiral. In addition to the ''aluf'' rank, fo ...
( major general) who served as the commander of the
Paratroopers Brigade The 35th Paratroopers Brigade (, ''Hativat HaTzanhanim'') is an Israeli military airborne infantry brigade. It is a selective unit, which accepts new recruits following physical tryouts and interviews, and consists of volunteers. It forms a m ...
, the
Military Secretary to the Prime Minister The military secretary to the Prime Minister (, ''HaMazkir HaTzva'i Shel Rosh'' ''HaMemshala''), is the senior military adviser to the Prime Minister of Israel on military and national security issues. As a member of the Staff (military), Militar ...
, the commander of the
Gaza Division The 143rd "Fire Fox" Division also known as Gaza Division (''Ugdat Aza'') is a division subordinated to Israeli Southern Command. Its area of operation is the border with the Gaza Strip and surrounding area. The division's commander is Brigad ...
and of the Southern Command. Currently, he heads the Strategy and Third-Circle Directorate of the
General Staff of the Israel Defense Forces The General Staff of the Israel Defense Forces or General Headquarters (), abbreviated Matkal (מטכ"ל), is the supreme command of the Israel Defense Forces. It is based in the HaKirya, Kirya compound (Rabin Camp) in Tel Aviv. Members The maj ...
.


Biography

Toledano, the son of Haim and Linda, natives of
Morocco Morocco, officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It has coastlines on the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to Algeria–Morocc ...
, was born in
Jerusalem Jerusalem is a city in the Southern Levant, on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean and the Dead Sea. It is one of the List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest cities in the world, and ...
during the
Yom Kippur War The Yom Kippur War, also known as the Ramadan War, the October War, the 1973 Arab–Israeli War, or the Fourth Arab–Israeli War, was fought from 6 to 25 October 1973 between Israel and a coalition of Arab world, Arab states led by Egypt and S ...
. He grew up in
Kiryat Motzkin Kiryat Motzkin () is a city in the Haifa District of Israel, north of the city center of Haifa. According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, in it had a population of . However, as of September 2024, the unofficial population count is 55 ...
. He studied at the
Bnei Akiva Bnei Akiva (, , "Children of Akiva") is the largest religious Zionist youth movement in the world, with over 125,000 members in 42 countries. It was first established in Mandatory Palestine in 1929, advocating the values of Torah and labor. Bne ...
Yeshiva of Pirchei Aharon in Kiryat Shmuel, and later attended the ORT Kiryat Bialik Educational Campus. He was a member and counselor in the
Bnei Akiva Bnei Akiva (, , "Children of Akiva") is the largest religious Zionist youth movement in the world, with over 125,000 members in 42 countries. It was first established in Mandatory Palestine in 1929, advocating the values of Torah and labor. Bne ...
youth movement in his hometown.


Military Service

He enlisted in the IDF in November 1991, volunteered for the
Paratroopers Brigade The 35th Paratroopers Brigade (, ''Hativat HaTzanhanim'') is an Israeli military airborne infantry brigade. It is a selective unit, which accepts new recruits following physical tryouts and interviews, and consists of volunteers. It forms a m ...
, and was assigned to 101st Battalion. He underwent combat training, the Infantry Commanders Course, and the Infantry Officers Course. Upon completing the course, he returned to the 101st Battalion and was appointed as a
Platoon Commander A platoon leader (NATO) or platoon commander (more common in Commonwealth militaries and the US Marine Corps) is the officer in charge of a platoon. This person is usually a junior officer – a second or first lieutenant or an equivalent rank. ...
. Later, he served as Deputy Company Commander, and subsequently was appointed Company Commander in the 101st Battalion. He later served as the battalion's Operations Officer (Katzin Agam). Afterward, he was appointed the training platoon commander in the elite
Sayeret Matkal Sayeret Matkal () (formerly Unit 269 or Unit 262) (English: General Staff Reconnaissance Unit), is the special reconnaissance unit (''sayeret'') of Israel's General Staff (''matkal''). It is considered one of the premier special forces units of ...
unit. In 2000, he began studying for a bachelor's degree in Economics and Philosophy at the
Hebrew University of Jerusalem The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJI; ) is an Israeli public university, public research university based in Jerusalem. Co-founded by Albert Einstein and Chaim Weizmann in July 1918, the public university officially opened on 1 April 1925. ...
. At the beginning of
Operation Defensive Shield Operation Defensive Shield ( ) was a 2002 Israeli military operation in the Israeli-occupied West Bank during the Second Intifada. Lasting for just over a month, it was the largest combat operation in the territory since the 1967 Arab–Israe ...
, he interrupted his studies to join the fighting within the Paratroopers Brigade. After completing his studies, he was appointed Deputy Commander of 890th Battalion. After studying at
PUM Pum () is a village in Batken Region of Kyrgyzstan. It is part of the Kadamjay District Kadamjay District (; ) is a district in Batken Region, in south-western Kyrgyzstan. The administrative seat lies at Kadamjay. The district area is , and its ...
, he was appointed Deputy Commander of Maglan Unit. In June 2005, he was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel and appointed
Battalion Commander A battalion is a military unit, typically consisting of up to one thousand soldiers. A battalion is commanded by a lieutenant colonel and subdivided into several companies, each typically commanded by a major or a captain. The typical battal ...
of the 101st Battalion, a role he held until 2006. During his command, he led the battalion in fighting
Palestinian terrorism Palestinian political violence refers to acts of violence or terrorism committed by Palestinians with the intent to accomplish political goals in the context of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Common objectives of political violence by Pal ...
during the
Second Intifada The Second Intifada (; ), also known as the Al-Aqsa Intifada, was a major uprising by Palestinians against Israel and its Israeli-occupied territories, occupation from 2000. Starting as a civilian uprising in Jerusalem and October 2000 prot ...
. In June 2006, he was appointed commander of the Maglan Unit and led it, among other operations, during the
Second Lebanon War The 2006 Lebanon War was a 34-day armed conflict in Lebanon, fought between Hezbollah and Israel. The war started on 12 July 2006, and continued until a United Nations-brokered ceasefire went into effect in the morning on 14 August 2006, thoug ...
. At the start of the war, a force from the unit retrieved the bodies of a tank crew from Battalion 82 that was destroyed by an IED during the pursuit of the kidnappers. In the days that followed, mortar shells,
recoilless rifle A Recoilless rifle (rifled), recoilless launcher (smoothbore), or simply recoilless gun, sometimes abbreviated to "rr" or "RCL" (for ReCoilLess) is a type of lightweight artillery system or man-portable launcher that is designed to eject some fo ...
s, and rockets were fired at
Avivim Avivim () is a moshav in Israel, in the northernmost part of Upper Galilee, less than one kilometre (3,000 feet) from the Blue Line with Lebanon. In , its population was . History Mandatory period In 1920, Saliha was designated part of Leban ...
,
Yir'on Yir'on () is a kibbutz in the Galilee Panhandle in northern Israel. Located adjacent to the Blue Line (Lebanon), Lebanese border, it falls under the jurisdiction of Upper Galilee Regional Council. In it had a population of . History The village ...
, and other communities from the Jabal al-Dair area near
Maroun al-Ras Maroun al-Ras () is a municipality nestled in Jabal Amel (Mount Amel) in the district of Bint Jbeil in the Nabatiye Governorate in southern Lebanon. It is located around south east of Beirut, roughly one km (0.62 mi) from the border with I ...
. A force from the unit crossed the border to search the area and attack the
Hezbollah Hezbollah ( ; , , ) is a Lebanese Shia Islamist political party and paramilitary group. Hezbollah's paramilitary wing is the Jihad Council, and its political wing is the Loyalty to the Resistance Bloc party in the Lebanese Parliament. I ...
squads responsible for the fire. The force positioned itself in a dense, vegetation-covered area, where they spotted a metal door and camouflage netting spread over it (this area was later defined by the IDF as a "nature reserve"). They threw a
hand grenade A grenade is a small explosive weapon typically thrown by hand (also called hand grenade), but can also refer to a Shell (projectile), shell (explosive projectile) shot from the muzzle of a rifle (as a rifle grenade) or a grenade launcher. A mod ...
into the shaft, killing several terrorists. The remaining terrorists emerged from other shafts, and in the ensuing battle, two soldiers from the unit and eight terrorists were killed, including those killed in the first shaft by the grenade explosion. Later, Toledano proposed an operational plan to strike Hezbollah's
rocket launcher A rocket launcher is a weapon that launches an unguided, rocket-propelled projectile. History The earliest rocket launchers documented in imperial China consisted of arrows modified by the attachment of a rocket motor to the shaft a few i ...
s, which was approved, and the unit successfully carried out Operation Beach Boys. For its actions during the war, the unit under his command received a unit citation from the commander of the Central Command,
Gadi Shamni Mr. Gadi Shamni (; born 1959) is a retired general in the Israel Defense Forces and formerly Israel's military attaché in the United States, IDF central command commander and the military secretary to prime ministers Ariel Sharon and Ehud Olmert. ...
. He later led the unit in operations in the
Gaza Strip The Gaza Strip, also known simply as Gaza, is a small territory located on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea; it is the smaller of the two Palestinian territories, the other being the West Bank, that make up the State of Palestine. I ...
. In 2008, he concluded his role. In 2009, he was appointed Operations Officer (Katzin Agam) of the
Judea and Samaria Division The Israeli 877th "Judea and Samaria" Division (, ; also known as the West Bank Division) is a regional Division (military), division of the Israeli Central Command, Central Command. It is responsible for Israeli military activity in the Judea ...
and served in this position until 2011, while also completing the IDF Battalion Commanders Course. In 2011, he was promoted to the rank of
Colonel Colonel ( ; abbreviated as Col., Col, or COL) is a senior military Officer (armed forces), officer rank used in many countries. It is also used in some police forces and paramilitary organizations. In the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, a colon ...
and appointed commander of 226th Brigade, while simultaneously serving as commander of a training program in the IDF Battalion Commanders Course. He held these positions until 2013. On 16 May 2013, he was appointed commander of the
Paratroopers Brigade The 35th Paratroopers Brigade (, ''Hativat HaTzanhanim'') is an Israeli military airborne infantry brigade. It is a selective unit, which accepts new recruits following physical tryouts and interviews, and consists of volunteers. It forms a m ...
, leading the brigade during Operation Brother's Keeper and
Operation Protective Edge The 2014 Gaza War, also known as Operation Protective Edge (, ), and Battle of the Withered Grain (), was a military operation launched by Israel on 8 July 2014 in the Gaza Strip, a Palestinian territory that has been governed by Hamas since ...
. During the operation, his brigade killed 141 terrorists in close combat and directed artillery fire that killed an additional 70 terrorists. They uncovered 47 combat tunnels and four offensive tunnels, and arrested seven terrorists. Nine soldiers from the brigade were killed during the fighting. He concluded his role on 1 July 2015. On 3 September 2015, he was promoted to the rank of Brigadier General, and on 8 September, he assumed the role of the
Military Secretary to the Prime Minister The military secretary to the Prime Minister (, ''HaMazkir HaTzva'i Shel Rosh'' ''HaMemshala''), is the senior military adviser to the Prime Minister of Israel on military and national security issues. As a member of the Staff (military), Militar ...
Benjamin Netanyahu Benjamin Netanyahu (born 21 October 1949) is an Israeli politician who has served as the prime minister of Israel since 2022, having previously held the office from 1996 to 1999 and from 2009 to 2021. Netanyahu is the longest-serving prime min ...
. He served in this position until 16 August 2018. On 24 October 2018, he was appointed commander of the
Gaza Division The 143rd "Fire Fox" Division also known as Gaza Division (''Ugdat Aza'') is a division subordinated to Israeli Southern Command. Its area of operation is the border with the Gaza Strip and surrounding area. The division's commander is Brigad ...
. He held the role until 2 August 2020.


Commander of the Southern Command

On 14 March 2021, he was promoted to the rank of Major General, and on 21 March, he assumed command of the Southern Command. He was an active participant in defining the sectoral security concept, particularly in the "Hourglass Plan" and the smart fence around the Gaza Strip. In May 2021, he led the command during
Operation Guardian of the Walls Operation or Operations may refer to: Arts, entertainment and media * ''Operation'' (game), a battery-operated board game that challenges dexterity * Operation (music), a term used in musical set theory * ''Operations'' (magazine), Multi-Man ...
, a round of fighting against terrorist organizations in Gaza, primarily
Hamas The Islamic Resistance Movement, abbreviated Hamas (the Arabic acronym from ), is a Palestinian nationalist Sunni Islam, Sunni Islamism, Islamist political organisation with a military wing, the Qassam Brigades. It has Gaza Strip under Hama ...
, which lasted for 12 days and struck at the military infrastructure of the terrorist organizations. Most of the offensive military activity was carried out through surgical airstrikes over the Strip, while thwarting infiltration attempts by terrorist squads by the
Gaza Division The 143rd "Fire Fox" Division also known as Gaza Division (''Ugdat Aza'') is a division subordinated to Israeli Southern Command. Its area of operation is the border with the Gaza Strip and surrounding area. The division's commander is Brigad ...
. On 14 May 2021, Operation Lightning Strike was executed, aimed at trapping hundreds of Hamas terrorists in tunnels (the "Metro" system) and eliminating them while they were holed up using advanced capabilities developed by the Air Force. The operation, originally designed for use in a broader strategic framework, was developed over years and relied on the element of surprise. The Southern Command Intelligence Officer warned in time that the ground deception had failed, but the operation proceeded regardless and did not achieve its goals, with the impact on Hamas being minimal. In an interview months later, Toledano admitted: "Few were killed in the Metro... fewer than I had hoped." Following the operation, 2022 saw the quietest year in the
Gaza envelope The Gaza envelope (, ''otef aza'') encompasses the populated areas in the Southern District (Israel), Southern District of Israel that are within of the Gaza Strip border and are therefore within range of Mortar (weapon), mortar shells and Qas ...
since 2005. In August 2022, the quiet was broken with the launch of
Operation Breaking Dawn Operation or Operations may refer to: Arts, entertainment and media * ''Operation'' (game), a battery-operated board game that challenges dexterity * Operation (music), a term used in musical set theory * ''Operations'' (magazine), Multi-Man ...
, which focused on fighting the
Palestinian Islamic Jihad The Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine (, ''Harakat al-Jihād al-Islāmi fi Filastīn''), commonly known simply as Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ), is a Palestinian Islamist paramilitary organization formed in 1981. PIJ formed as an offsh ...
, not Hamas. The three-day operation reflected Toledano's operational approach, with Israel initiating a preemptive strike on the terrorist organization while imposing a lockdown on Gaza border towns to protect civilians. During the operation, targeted killings were carried out on the military commanders of the organization, Taysir al-Jabari and Khaled Mansour. In November that year, after being exposed to a possible Hamas surprise attack scenario called "Jericho Wall," Toledano held a classified discussion where he expressed his view that the ceasefire approach with the Gaza terrorist organizations was bound to fail, and that in his opinion, Israel would need to initiate a preemptive strike: "Since any campaign has a price, as long as the significant military advantage is maintained, we will seek to delay the next war. But along the timeline and enemy advancements, there comes a point where we will need to initiate a preemptive strike." He also supported the targeted killing of the Gaza Strip leader
Yahya Sinwar Yahya Ibrahim Hassan Sinwar (; 29 October 1962 – 16 October 2024) was a Palestinian militant and politician who served as chairman of the Hamas Political Bureau from August 2024, and as the leader of Hamas in the Gaza Strip from February ...
as a preliminary Israeli move. Toledano's warnings, along with various alerts regarding the threat of a Hamas surprise attack, conflicted with the assessment of Military Intelligence and the Shin Bet, which believed that the organization was "deterred," influencing public discourse following the
Gaza war The Gaza war is an armed conflict in the Gaza Strip and southern Israel fought since 7 October 2023. A part of the unresolved Israeli–Palestinian conflict, Israeli–Palestinian and Gaza–Israel conflict, Gaza–Israel conflicts dating ...
. On 3 May 2023, his appointment as head of the Strategic and Third-Circle Division was approved, which included responsibility for the Iranian arena. A week later, he led Operation Shield and Arrow, which began following rocket fire towards Israel a few days earlier and opened with three simultaneous targeted assassinations of senior Islamic Jihad officials. The operation lasted five days before a ceasefire was achieved. On 3 June, the Egypt–Israel border shooting occurred in his sector, after which Toledano met with senior
Egyptian Army The Egyptian Army (), officially the Egyptian Ground Forces (), is the land warfare branch (and largest service branch) of the Egyptian Armed Forces. Until the declaration of the Republic and the abolishment of the monarchy on 18 June 1953, it w ...
officials in Cairo for a joint investigation. Following the conclusions drawn from the incident investigation, the regional brigade commander was dismissed. On 9 July, he handed over command of the Southern Command to Major General Yaron Finkelman.


Head of Strategy Directorate

On 26 September 2023, Toledano assumed his role as head of the Strategy and Third-Circle Directorate. Two weeks later, the
Gaza war The Gaza war is an armed conflict in the Gaza Strip and southern Israel fought since 7 October 2023. A part of the unresolved Israeli–Palestinian conflict, Israeli–Palestinian and Gaza–Israel conflict, Gaza–Israel conflicts dating ...
began, during which he participated in planning the course of the war and attended the
Israeli war cabinet The Israeli war cabinet was formed on 11 October 2023, five days after the beginning of the Gaza war. The opposition party National Unity joined the thirty-seventh government led by Benjamin Netanyahu as prime minister. Negotiations began up ...
meetings. In December, he traveled to
the Pentagon The Pentagon is the headquarters building of the United States Department of Defense, in Arlington County, Virginia, across the Potomac River from Washington, D.C. The building was constructed on an accelerated schedule during World War II. As ...
to coordinate with the
United States Department of Defense The United States Department of Defense (DoD, USDOD, or DOD) is an United States federal executive departments, executive department of the federal government of the United States, U.S. federal government charged with coordinating and superv ...
regarding the continuation of the war. During the war, he was responsible for coordinating the joint international defense system over Israel on the night of 14 April 2024, during the Iranian attack on Israel (April 2024). Following the resignation of Military Intelligence Directorate chief Aharon Haliva, Toledano was considered for the position, but ultimately
Shlomi Binder Shlomi Binder (; February 1975) is an IDF officer at the rank of Aluf (equivalent to major general), who serves as the Head of the IDF Intelligence Directorate (Aman). Previously, he served, among other positions, as the Head of the in the ...
was appointed. In 2024, Toledano announced that he would retire from military service after his service as Head of the Strategy Directorate.


Personal life and education

Toledano lives in the
moshav A moshav (, plural ', "settlement, village") is a type of Israeli village or town or Jewish settlement, in particular a type of cooperative agricultural community of individual farms pioneered by the Labour Zionists between 1904 and 1 ...
of
Beit Gamliel Beit Gamliel (, lit. ''House of Gamliel'') is a religious moshav in central Israel. Located south-east of Yavne, it falls under the jurisdiction of Hevel Yavne Regional Council. In , it had a population of . History The moshav was established i ...
, is married to Merav, and is the father of five children. He holds a bachelor's degree in Philosophy and Economics and a master's degree in History and
National Security National security, or national defence (national defense in American English), is the security and Defence (military), defence of a sovereign state, including its Citizenship, citizens, economy, and institutions, which is regarded as a duty of ...
, both from the
Hebrew University of Jerusalem The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJI; ) is an Israeli public university, public research university based in Jerusalem. Co-founded by Albert Einstein and Chaim Weizmann in July 1918, the public university officially opened on 1 April 1925. ...
.


External sources

* Amos Harel, Israel's Paratroopers Want to Know They Will Not Die in Vain,
Haaretz ''Haaretz'' (; originally ''Ḥadshot Haaretz'' – , , ) is an List of newspapers in Israel, Israeli newspaper. It was founded in 1918, making it the longest running newspaper currently in print in Israel. The paper is published in Hebrew lan ...
, 22 April 2015. (Archived version)
Head of IDF Paratroopers named as Netanyahu aide
The Times of Israel ''The Times of Israel'' (ToI) is an Israeli multi-language online newspaper that was launched in 2012 and has since become the largest English-language Jewish and Israeli news source by audience size. It was co-founded by Israeli journalist Dav ...
, 15 August 2015. (Archived version) * IDF Editorial Team, The New Commanding Officer of the Southern Command,
Israel Defence Forces The Israel Defense Forces (IDF; , ), alternatively referred to by the Hebrew-language acronym (), is the national military of the State of Israel. It consists of three service branches: the Israeli Ground Forces, the Israeli Air Force, an ...
, 9 July 2023. * Amir Bohbot, General Staff knew Gaza fence couldn't stop a war, but still underestimated Hamas,
The Jerusalem Post ''The Jerusalem Post'' is an English language, English-language Israeli broadsheet newspaper based in Jerusalem, Israel, founded in 1932 during the Mandate for Palestine, British Mandate of Mandatory Palestine, Palestine by Gershon Agron as ''Th ...
, 12 November 2023. (Archived version) * Toi Staff, Report: Top IDF general advised preemptive strike against Hamas, year before 7 Oct,
The Times of Israel ''The Times of Israel'' (ToI) is an Israeli multi-language online newspaper that was launched in 2012 and has since become the largest English-language Jewish and Israeli news source by audience size. It was co-founded by Israeli journalist Dav ...
, 8 January 2024.


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Toledano, Eliezer 1973 births Israeli generals Living people People from Kiryat Motzkin Israeli people of Moroccan-Jewish descent Military personnel from Jerusalem Israeli military personnel of the Israel–Hamas war Hebrew University of Jerusalem alumni