Cumbia refers to a number of musical rhythms and folk dance traditions of
Latin America, generally involving musical and cultural elements from American Indigenous peoples, enslaved Africans during colonial times, and Europeans.
Examples include:
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Colombian cumbia, is a musical rhythm and traditional folk dance from
Colombia
Colombia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country in South America with insular regions in North America—near Nicaragua's Caribbean coast—as well as in the Pacific Ocean. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Car ...
.
It has elements of three different cultures, American Indigenous, African, and Spanish, being the result of the long and intense meeting of these cultures during the
Conquest
Conquest is the act of military subjugation of an enemy by force of arms.
Military history provides many examples of conquest: the Roman conquest of Britain, the Mauryan conquest of Afghanistan and of vast areas of the Indian subcontinent, t ...
and the
Colony.
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Panamanian cumbia, Panamanian folk dance and musical genre, developed by enslaved people of African descent during colonial times and later syncretized with American Indigenous and European cultural elements.
Regional adaptations of Colombian cumbia
Argentina
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Argentine cumbia
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Cumbia villera, a subgenre of Argentine cumbia born in the slums
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Fantasma, a 2001 group formed by Martín Roisi and Pablo Antico
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Cumbia santafesina
Cumbia santafesina is a musical style that arose in Santa Fe, Argentina. It is distinguished by taking the guitar and the accordion as the main instruments. Another distinctive feature of cumbia santafesina compared to other subgenres of the res ...
, a musical genre emerged in Santa Fe, Argentina
Bolivia
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Bolivian cumbia
Chile
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Chilean cumbia
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New Chilean cumbia
Costa Rica
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Costa Rican cumbia
Ecuador
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Ecuadorian cumbia
Ecuadorians ( es, ecuatorianos) are people identified with the South American country of Ecuador. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Ecuadorians, several (or all) of these connections exist and are collect ...
El Salvador
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Salvadoran cumbia
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Cumbia marimbera, a subgenre of Cumbia that is widely popular in Southern Mexico and Central America
Guatemala
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Guatemalan cumbia
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Cumbia marimbera, a subgenre of Cumbia that is widely popular in Southern Mexico and Central America
Honduras
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Honduran cumbia
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Cumbia marimbera, a subgenre of Cumbia that is widely popular in Southern Mexico and Central America
Mexico
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Mexican cumbia
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Southeast cumbia
The points of the compass are a set of horizontal, radially arrayed compass directions (or azimuths) used in navigation and cartography. A compass rose is primarily composed of four cardinal directions—north, east, south, and west—each sepa ...
or chunchaca, a variant of Mexican cumbia
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Northern Mexican cumbia, a variant of Mexican cumbia, developed in northeastern Mexico and part of Texas (former Mexican territory)
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Cumbia sonidera, a variant of Mexican cumbia
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Cumbia marimbera, a subgenre of Cumbia that is widely popular in Southern Mexico and Central America
Nicaragua
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Nicaraguan cumbia
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Cumbia chinandegana
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Cumbia marimbera, a subgenre of Cumbia that is widely popular in Southern Mexico and Central America
Panama
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Panamanian cumbia
Paraguay
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Cachaca, a fusion of cumbia sonidera, norteña, vallenato and cumbia villera
Peru
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Peruvian cumbia also known as ''chicha'' or psychedelic cumbia
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Chicha
''Chicha'' is a fermented (alcoholic) or non-fermented beverage of Latin America, emerging from the Andes and Amazonia regions. In both the pre- and post-Spanish conquest periods, corn beer (''chicha de jora'') made from a variety of maize land ...
or Andean tropical music
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Amazonian cumbia or jungle cumbia, a popular subgenre of Peruvian cumbia, created in the Peruvian Amazon
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Cumbia piurana, a set of styles and sub-genres linked to cumbia that have been produced in Piura, a region on the north Peruvian coast, since the mid-1960s
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Cumbia sanjuanera, a subgenre of cumbia piurana
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Cumbia sureña
Cumbia refers to a number of musical rhythms and folk dance traditions of Latin America, generally involving musical and cultural elements from American Indigenous peoples, enslaved Africans during colonial times, and Europeans. Examples include:
...
, a subgenre of Peruvian cumbia, a fusion of Andean cumbia and techno
Uruguay
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Uruguayan cumbia
Uruguay (; ), officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay ( es, República Oriental del Uruguay), is a country in South America. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and northeast; while bordering ...
Venezuela
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Venezuelan cumbia
References
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