''Closterovirus'', also known as beet yellows viral group, is a genus of
viruses
A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Viruses are found in almo ...
, in the family ''
Closteroviridae
''Closteroviridae'' is a family of viruses. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are seven genera in this family. Diseases associated with this family include: yellowing and necrosis, particularly affecting the phloem.
Taxonomy
Genome type and ...
''.
Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 17 species in this genus.
viral species
Virus classification is the process of naming viruses and placing them into a taxonomic system similar to the classification systems used for cellular organisms.
Viruses are classified by phenotypic characteristics, such as morphology, nucleic ...
the Beet yellows virus and Citrus tristeza virus
''Citrus'' is a genus of flowering trees and shrubs in the family Rutaceae. Plants in the genus produce citrus fruits, including important crops such as oranges, mandarins, lemons, grapefruits, pomelos, and limes.
''Citrus'' is native to S ...
, rather economically important plant diseases. At least some species require vectors such as aphid
Aphids are small sap-sucking insects in the Taxonomic rank, family Aphididae. Common names include greenfly and blackfly, although individuals within a species can vary widely in color. The group includes the fluffy white Eriosomatinae, woolly ...
s or mealybug
Mealybugs are insects in the family Pseudococcidae, unarmored scale insects found in moist, warm habitats. Of the more than 2,000 described species, many are considered pests as they feed on plant juices of greenhouse plants, house plants and ...
s for their transmission from plant to plant.[
]
Taxonomy
The following species are assigned to the genus, listed by scientific name and followed by their common names:Citrus tristeza virus
''Citrus'' is a genus of flowering trees and shrubs in the family Rutaceae. Plants in the genus produce citrus fruits, including important crops such as oranges, mandarins, lemons, grapefruits, pomelos, and limes.
''Citrus'' is native to S ...
* ''Closterovirus uniribi'', Blackcurrant closterovirus 1
* ''Closterovirus vitis'', Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2
RNA pseudoknot
The viral RNA molecules of some members of this genus contain four hair-pin structures and a pseudoknot
__NOTOC__
A pseudoknot is a nucleic acid secondary structure containing at least two stem-loop structures in which half of one stem is intercalated between the two halves of another stem. The pseudoknot was first recognized in the turnip yellow ...
in the 3'UTR.
Life cycle
Viral replication
Viral replication is the formation of biological viruses during the infection process in the target host cells. Viruses must first get into the cell before viral replication can occur. Through the generation of abundant copies of its genome ...
is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded rna virus transcription is the method of transcription
Transcription refers to the process of converting sounds (voice, music etc.) into letters or musical notes, or producing a copy of something in another medium, including:
Genetics
* Transcription (biology), the copying of DNA into RNA, often th ...
. The virus exits the host cell by tubule-guided viral movement.
Plants serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are mechanical.
Structure
Viruses in ''Closterovirus'' are non-enveloped, with flexuous and filamentous geometries. The diameter is around 10-13 nm, with a length of 1250-2200 nm. Genomes are linear, around 19.3kb in length.
References
External links
ICTV Report: ''Closteroviridea''
*
{{Taxonbar, from=Q5135471
Closteroviridae
Viral plant pathogens and diseases
Virus genera