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Closteroviridae
''Closteroviridae'' is a family of viruses. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are seven genera in this family. Diseases associated with this family include: yellowing and necrosis, particularly affecting the phloem. Taxonomy Genome type and transmission vector are two of the most important traits used for classification. Ampeloviruses and Closteroviruses have monopartite genomes and are transmitted by pseudococcid mealybugs (and soft scale insects) and aphid Aphids are small sap-sucking insects in the Taxonomic rank, family Aphididae. Common names include greenfly and blackfly, although individuals within a species can vary widely in color. The group includes the fluffy white Eriosomatinae, woolly ...s respectively. While Criniviruses are bipartite and transmitted by whiteflies. The family contains the following genera: * '' Ampelovirus'' * '' Bluvavirus'' * '' Closterovirus'' * '' Crinivirus'' * '' Menthavirus'' * '' Olivavirus'' * '' Velarivirus'' Structure Viruses ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Closterovirus
''Closterovirus'', also known as beet yellows viral group, is a genus of viruses, in the family ''Closteroviridae''. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 17 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: yellowing and necrosis, particularly affecting the phloem. This genus has a probably worldwide distribution and includes among other viral species the Beet yellows virus and Citrus tristeza virus, rather economically important plant diseases. At least some species require vectors such as aphids or mealybugs for their transmission from plant to plant. Taxonomy The following species are assigned to the genus, listed by scientific name and followed by their common names: * ''Closterovirus arracaciae'', Arracacha virus 1 * ''Closterovirus carotae'', Carrot closterovirus 1 * ''Closterovirus flavarctii'', Burdock yellows virus * ''Closterovirus flavibetae'', Beet yellows virus * ''Closterovirus flavicarotae'', Carrot yellow leaf virus * ''Closterovirus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ampelovirus
''Ampelovirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the family ''Closteroviridae''. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 13 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: yellowing and necrosis, particularly affecting the phloem. Taxonomy The following species are assigned to the genus, listed by scientific name and followed by their common names: * ''Ampelovirus bulbiferae'', Air potato ampelovirus 1 * ''Ampelovirus dioscoreae'', Yam asymptomatic virus 1 Yam or YAM may refer to: Plants and foods * Yam (vegetable), common name for members of ''Dioscorea'' * Taro, known in Malaysia and Singapore as yam * Sweet potato, specifically its orange-fleshed cultivars, often referred to as yams in North Ame ... * ''Ampelovirus duananas'', Pineapple mealybug wilt-associated virus 2 * ''Ampelovirus nanoavii'', Little cherry virus 2 * ''Ampelovirus pistaciae'', Pistachio ampelovirus A * ''Ampelovirus pruni'', Plum bark necrosis stem pitting-associated virus * ''Ampelovi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crinivirus
''Crinivirus'', formerly the ''lettuce infectious yellows virus group'', is a genus of viruses, in the family ''Closteroviridae''. They are linear, single-stranded positive sense RNA viruses (and are therefore group IV). There are 14 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: yellowing and necrosis, particularly affecting the phloem. Examples of species whose entire genomes have been sequenced that are currently classified into the genus include the Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV) and the Lettuce infectious yellows virus (LIYV).ICTVdB Management (2006) Genetics The viruses of this genus have segmented, bipartite genomes that add up to 7,500–19,500 nucleotides in length. Their genomes also code for proteins that do not form part of the virion particles as well as structural proteins. The Universal Virus Database describes that their genome sequences near their 3'-ends are capable of hairpin-loop formation and also believe that their 5'-ends ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Velarivirus
''Velarivirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the family ''Closteroviridae ''Closteroviridae'' is a family of viruses. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are seven genera in this family. Diseases associated with this family include: yellowing and necrosis, particularly affecting the phloem. Taxonomy Genome type and ...''. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are nine species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: GLRaV-7: symptomless in white-berried grapevine cultivar from Albania. Taxonomy The following species are assigned to the genus, listed by scientific name and followed by their common names: * ''Velarivirus alphamali'', Malus domestica virus A * ''Velarivirus arecae'', Areca palm velarivirus 1 * ''Velarivirus duocordylinae'', Cordyline virus 2 * ''Velarivirus gembloutense'', Pyrus virus A * ''Velarivirus nanoavii'', Little cherry virus 1 * ''Velarivirus septemvitis'', Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 7 * ''Velarivirus tetracordylinae'', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viruses
A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Viruses are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the most numerous type of biological entity. Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1892 article describing a non-bacterial pathogen infecting tobacco plants and the discovery of the tobacco mosaic virus by Martinus Beijerinck in 1898, more than 16,000 of the millions of virus species have been described in detail. The study of viruses is known as virology, a subspeciality of microbiology. When infected, a host cell is often forced to rapidly produce thousands of copies of the original virus. When not inside an infected cell or in the process of infecting a cell, viruses exist in the form of independent viral particles, or ''virions'', consisting of (i) genetic material, i.e., long molecules of DNA or RNA that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mealybug
Mealybugs are insects in the family Pseudococcidae, unarmored scale insects found in moist, warm habitats. Of the more than 2,000 described species, many are considered pests as they feed on plant juices of greenhouse plants, house plants and subtropical trees and also act as a vector for several plant diseases. Some ants live in symbiotic relationships with them, protecting them from predators and feeding off the honeydew which they excrete. Description Mealybugs are sexually dimorphic: females appear as nymphs, exhibiting reduced morphology, and lack wings, although unlike many female scale insects, they often retain legs and can move. Males are smaller, gnat-like and have wings. Since mealybugs, as well as all other Hemiptera, are hemimetabolous insects, they do not undergo complete metamorphosis in the true sense of the word. However, male mealybugs exhibit a radical change during their life cycle, changing from wingless, ovoid nymphs to wasp-like flying adults. Meal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scale Insect
Scale insects are small insects of the Order (biology), order Hemiptera, suborder Sternorrhyncha. Of dramatically variable appearance and extreme sexual dimorphism, they comprise the infraorder Coccomorpha which is considered a more convenient grouping than the superfamily Coccoidea due to taxonomic uncertainties. Adult females typically have soft bodies and no limbs, and are concealed underneath domed scales, extruding quantities of wax for protection. Some species are hermaphroditic, with a combined ovotestis instead of separate ovaries and testes. Males, in the species where they occur, have legs and sometimes wings, and resemble small flies. Scale insects are herbivores, piercing plant tissues with their mouthparts and remaining in one place, feeding on sap. The excess fluid they imbibe is secreted as Honeydew (secretion), honeydew on which sooty mold tends to grow. The insects often have a Mutualism (biology), mutualistic relationship with ants, which feed on the honeydew and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aphid
Aphids are small sap-sucking insects in the Taxonomic rank, family Aphididae. Common names include greenfly and blackfly, although individuals within a species can vary widely in color. The group includes the fluffy white Eriosomatinae, woolly aphids. A typical life cycle involves flightless females giving Viviparity, live birth to female Nymph (biology), nymphs—who may also be already Pregnancy, pregnant, an adaptation scientists call telescoping generations—without the involvement of males. Developmental biology, Maturing rapidly, females breed profusely so that the number of these insects multiplies quickly. Alate, Winged females may develop later in the season, allowing the insects to colonize new plants. In Temperate climate, temperate regions, a phase of sexual reproduction occurs in the autumn, with the insects often overwintering as eggs. The life cycle of some species involves an alternation between two species of host plants, for example between an annual crop and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Whitefly
Whiteflies are Hemipterans that typically feed on the undersides of plant leaves. They comprise the family Aleyrodidae, the only family in the superfamily Aleyrodoidea. More than 1550 species have been described. Description and taxonomy The Aleyrodidae are a family in the suborder Sternorrhyncha and at present comprise the entire superfamily Aleyrodoidea, related to the superfamily Psylloidea. The family often occurs in older literature as "Aleurodidae", but that is a junior synonym and accordingly incorrect in terms of the international standards for zoological nomenclature. Aleyrodidae are small insects, most species with a wingspan of less than 3 mm and a body length of 1 mm to 2 mm. Many are so small that their size complicates their control in greenhouses because they can only be excluded by screening with very fine mesh; in fact they can enter mesh so fine that many of their natural enemies cannot come in after them, so that unchecked whitefly population ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
