''Catocala'' is a generally Holarctic

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

moth Moths are a paraphyletic group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not butterflies, with moths making up the vast majority of the order. There are thought to be approximately 160,000 species of moth, many of ...

s in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Franz von Paula Schrank in 1802. The moths are commonly known as underwing moths or simply underwings. These terms are sometimes used for a few related moths, but usually – especially when used in

plural The plural (sometimes list of glossing abbreviations, abbreviated pl., pl, or ), in many languages, is one of the values of the grammatical number, grammatical category of number. The plural of a noun typically denotes a quantity greater than the ...

, not as part of a species name – they are used to refer to ''Catocala'' only. Of the more than 250 known

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of ...

, slightly less than half are found in North America – mostly in the United States – while the rest occur in

Eurasia Eurasia (, ) is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. Primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, it spans from the British Isles and the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Japanese archipelag ...

. About one-fifth (almost 30) of these species are native to Europe. A few species occur in the northern

Neotropics The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone. Definition In bi ...

and

Indomalaya The Indomalayan realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms. It extends across most of South and Southeast Asia and into the southern parts of East Asia. Also called the Oriental realm by biogeographers, Indomalaya spreads all over the In ...

Description and ecology

Most species of ''Catocala'' have medium to large adults, cryptically coloured except for the hindwings, which are marked with stripes in orange, red, white, or even blue. In some, the hindwings are mostly blackish. Unlike what the common name "underwings" seems to suggest, the colour is brightest on the upperside. However, the bright hindwings are not visible at rest, being hidden under the dull forewings – hence the name. Due to their diversity and variety of colors and patterns, underwing moths are popular with collectors of Lepidoptera. In, ''The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma: Moths Volume II'', the genus described as follows. It is believed that the bright colors, arranged in usually roughly

concentric In geometry, two or more objects are said to be concentric, coaxal, or coaxial when they share the same center or axis. Circles, regular polygons and regular polyhedra, and spheres may be concentric to one another (sharing the same center ...

markings, at a casual glance resemble the

eye Eyes are organs of the visual system. They provide living organisms with vision, the ability to receive and process visual detail, as well as enabling several photo response functions that are independent of vision. Eyes detect light and conv ...

s of a

predator Predation is a biological interaction where one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey. It is one of a family of common feeding behaviours that includes parasitism and micropredation (which usually do not kill ...

y animal, such as a

cat The cat (''Felis catus'') is a domestic species of small carnivorous mammal. It is the only domesticated species in the family Felidae and is commonly referred to as the domestic cat or house cat to distinguish it from the wild members of ...

. An underwing moth, well camouflaged in its daytime resting spot on a tree trunk or branch, will suddenly flash open the hindwings when disturbed. A

bird Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweig ...

or other small predator that is not used to this display is likely to be frightened, allowing the moth to escape. However, unlike some other bright-colored moths which are bad-tasting or even poisonous to predators, underwing moths are well palatable at least to some birds (e.g. the

blue jay The blue jay (''Cyanocitta cristata'') is a passerine bird in the family Corvidae, native to eastern North America. It lives in most of the eastern and central United States; some eastern populations may be migratory. Resident populations are ...

, ''Cyanocitta cristata''). To assist in avoiding

nocturnal Nocturnality is an ethology, animal behavior characterized by being active during the night and sleeping during the day. The common adjective is "nocturnal", versus diurnality, diurnal meaning the opposite. Nocturnal creatures generally have ...

predators such as bats, these moths also possess (like many of their relatives) fairly well-developed hearing organs. Catocala ilia

The

caterpillar Caterpillars ( ) are the larva, larval stage of members of the order Lepidoptera (the insect order comprising butterfly, butterflies and moths). As with most common names, the application of the word is arbitrary, since the larvae of sawfly ...

s of most species feed on the leaves of woody plants, usually trees but sometimes shrubs. Typical food plants are

Fagales The Fagales are an order of flowering plants, including some of the best-known trees. The order name is derived from genus ''Fagus'', beeches. They belong among the rosid group of dicotyledons. The families and genera currently included are a ...

of the families

Betulaceae Betulaceae, the birch family, includes six genera of deciduous nut-bearing trees and shrubs, including the birches, alders, hazels, hornbeams, hazel-hornbeam, and hop-hornbeams numbering a total of 167 species. They are mostly natives of ...

Fagaceae The Fagaceae are a family of flowering plants that includes beeches, chestnuts and oaks, and comprises eight genera with about 927 species. Fagaceae in temperate regions are mostly deciduous, whereas in the tropics, many species occur as eve ...

and

Juglandaceae The Juglandaceae are a plant family known as the walnut family. They are trees, or sometimes shrubs, in the order Fagales. Members of this family are native to the Americas, Eurasia, and Southeast Asia. The nine or ten genera in the family have ...

– mainly

hickory Hickory is a common name for trees composing the genus ''Carya'', which includes around 18 species. Five or six species are native to China, Indochina, and India (Assam), as many as twelve are native to the United States, four are found in M ...

(''Carya''), oak (''Quercus'') and walnut tree (''Juglans'') species, as well as others such as

alder Alders are trees comprising the genus ''Alnus'' in the birch family Betulaceae. The genus comprises about 35 species of monoecious trees and shrubs, a few reaching a large size, distributed throughout the north temperate zone with a few sp ...

(''Alnus''),

beech Beech (''Fagus'') is a genus of deciduous trees in the family Fagaceae, native to temperate Europe, Asia, and North America. Recent classifications recognize 10 to 13 species in two distinct subgenera, ''Engleriana'' and ''Fagus''. The ''Engl ...

(''Fagus''),

birch A birch is a thin-leaved deciduous hardwood tree of the genus ''Betula'' (), in the family Betulaceae, which also includes alders, hazels, and hornbeams. It is closely related to the beech- oak family Fagaceae. The genus ''Betula'' contains 3 ...

(''Betula'') and

chestnut The chestnuts are the deciduous trees and shrubs in the genus ''Castanea'', in the beech family Fagaceae. They are native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The name also refers to the edible nuts they produce. The unrelate ...

(''Castanea''). The caterpillars of numerous

Old World The "Old World" is a term for Afro-Eurasia that originated in Europe , after Europeans became aware of the existence of the Americas. It is used to contrast the continents of Africa, Europe, and Asia, which were previously thought of by th ...

and some North American species feed on the Salicaceae ''

Populus ''Populus'' is a genus of 25–30 species of deciduous flowering plants in the family Salicaceae, native to most of the Northern Hemisphere. English names variously applied to different species include poplar (), aspen, and cottonwood. The we ...

'' (poplars) and ''

Salix Willows, also called sallows and osiers, from the genus ''Salix'', comprise around 400 speciesMabberley, D.J. 1997. The Plant Book, Cambridge University Press #2: Cambridge. of typically deciduous trees and shrubs, found primarily on moist s ...

'' (willows), which belong to the

Malpighiales The Malpighiales comprise one of the largest orders of flowering plants, containing about 36 families and more than species, about 7.8% of the eudicots. The order is very diverse, containing plants as different as the willow, violet, poinse ...

. Less common larval food plants of ''Catocala'' are for example elms (''Ulmus'') and various

Rosaceae Rosaceae (), the rose family, is a medium-sized family of flowering plants that includes 4,828 known species in 91 genera. The name is derived from the type genus ''Rosa''. Among the most species-rich genera are '' Alchemilla'' (270), '' Sorbu ...

of the

Rosales Rosales () is an order of flowering plants.Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). "Rosales". At: Trees At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see ''External links'' below) It is sister to a clade consisting of Faga ...

, ''

Tilia ''Tilia'' is a genus of about 30 species of trees or bushes, native throughout most of the temperate Northern Hemisphere. The tree is known as linden for the European species, and basswood for North American species. In Britain and Ireland they ...

'' (linden and basswood) of the

Malvales The Malvales are an order of flowering plants. As circumscribed by APG II-system, the order includes about 6000 species within 9 families. The order is placed in the eurosids II, which are part of the eudicots. The plants are mostly shrubs a ...

, or some Fabaceae of the Fabales; as the preceding, these all belong to the Fabidae lineage of rosid

eudicot The eudicots, Eudicotidae, or eudicotyledons are a clade of flowering plants mainly characterized by having two seed leaves upon germination. The term derives from Dicotyledons. Traditionally they were called tricolpates or non- magnoliid dic ...

s. More unusually, underwing moth caterpillars have also been found to feed on such plants as

maple ''Acer'' () is a genus of trees and shrubs commonly known as maples. The genus is placed in the family Sapindaceae.Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 9, June 2008 nd more or less continuously updated since ht ...

(''Acer'') which belongs to a distant lineage of rosids, as well as on such plants as

ash tree ''Fraxinus'' (), commonly called ash, is a genus of flowering plants in the olive and lilac family, Oleaceae. It contains 45–65 species of usually medium to large trees, mostly deciduous, though a number of subtropical species are evergr ...

s (''Fraxinus'') and blueberries (''Vaccinium'') which are

asterid In the APG IV system (2016) for the classification of flowering plants, the name asterids denotes a clade (a monophyletic group). Asterids is the largest group of flowering plants, with more than 80,000 species, about a third of the total flower ...

s and quite unrelated to the other food plants by eudicot standards. The adults are predominantly nocturnal, flying from shortly after

dusk Dusk occurs at the darkest stage of twilight, or at the very end of astronomical twilight after sunset and just before nightfall.''The Random House College Dictionary'', "dusk". At predusk, during early to intermediate stages of twilight, enou ...

right up to daybreak. They are generally most active about two hours after nightfall. However, several if not all species of underwing moths have a second activity period exactly around

noon Noon (or midday) is 12 o'clock in the daytime. It is written as 12 noon, 12:00 m. (for meridiem, literally 12:00 noon), 12 p.m. (for post meridiem, literally "after noon"), 12 pm, or 12:00 (using a 24-hour clock) or 1200 ( military time). Sol ...

, during which they are also regularly found on the wing for about 1–2 hours each day. The genus name ''Catocala'' roughly means "beautiful hindwings". It is a combination of two

Ancient Greek Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic p ...

words, ''kato'' (κάτω, "the rear one" or "the lower one"), and ''kalos'' (καλός, "beautiful").

Classification

There are over 250 species in this genus. The species of ''Catocala'' are here divided into a Eurasian group, and another one which is found in North America. This does not imply actual relationships; it is mainly done to more conveniently deal with the large number of species. Still, it is not unlikely at all that the groups consist at least to some extent of closely related species. There are several

cryptic species complex In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance and other features that the boundaries between them are often unclear. The taxa in the complex may be able to hybridize readily with each o ...

es in ''Catocala'', e.g. the group around the

Delilah underwing ''Catocala delilah'', the Delilah underwing, is a moth in the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Strecker in 1874. It is found in the southern and midwestern United States, from Ohio south to Florida and west to Texas and Oklaho ...

(''C. delilah''); these and other hitherto unknown species are still being discovered and described in some numbers. Thus, resolving the

phylogeny A phylogenetic tree (also phylogeny or evolutionary tree Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA.) is a branching diagram or a tree showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological spe ...

and

taxonomy Taxonomy is the practice and science of categorization or classification. A taxonomy (or taxonomical classification) is a scheme of classification, especially a hierarchical classification, in which things are organized into groups or types. ...

of the underwing moths is an ongoing effort, which has made () little progress. In the scientific literature, smaller subdivisions into putatively related species are sometimes applied, but there is no consistent and widely accepted taxonomic treatment for the genus as a whole.

Synonyms

Several distinct genera have formally been proposed for splitting from ''Catocala'', but these are all treated here as junior synonyms. These synonyms and other invalid names of ''Catocala'' are: * ''Andreusia'' Hampson, 1913 (unjustified

emendation An emendation is an alteration to a term, for a specific technical reason: * Emendation (textual), altering a word to make sense, e.g. when incomplete or assumed to have been copied incorrectly * Emendation (zoology), altering the spelling of the ...

) * ''Andrewsia'' Grote, 1882 * ''Astiodes'' (''

lapsus In philology, a lapsus (Latin for "lapse, slip, error") is an involuntary mistake made while writing or speaking. Investigations In 1895 an investigation into verbal slips was undertaken by a philologist and a psychologist, Rudolf Meringer and ...

'') * ''Astiotes'' Hübner, 1823 * ''Belpharidia'' (''lapsus'') * ''Bihemena'' Beck, 1966 * ''Blephara'' Ochsenheimer, 1816 ( unavailable) * ''Blepharidia'' Hübner, 1822 * ''Blepharonia'' Hübner, 1823 (unavailable)"Blepharonia" was initially proposed as name for a

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in part due to confl ...

in 1823, and only established as a genus name ''Blepharonia'' in 1825: Pitkin & Jenkins (2004a). * ''Blepharonia'' Hübner, 1825 * ''Blepharum'' Hübner, 1806 ( rejected) * ''Catabapta'' Hulst, 1884 * ''Catacola'' (''lapsus'') * ''Catocalla'' (''lapsus'') * ''Convercala'' Beck, 1966 * ''Corisce'' Hübner, 1823 * ''Corisee'' (''lapsus'') * ''Divercala'' Beck, 1966 * ''Ephesia'' Hübner, 1818 * ''Eucala'' Beck, 1966 * ''Eucora'' Hübner, 1823 * ''Eunetis'' Hübner, 1823 * ''Hemigeometra'' Haworth, 1809 * ''Koraia'' Nye, 1975 * ''Lamprosia'' Hübner,

821 __NOTOC__ Year 821 ( DCCCXXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Byzantine general Thomas the Slav leads a revolt, and secures control ...

/small> * ''Lamprosia'' Hübner, 1827 (''non'' Hüber,

preoccupied) * ''Metacala'' Beck, 1966 * ''Mormonia'' Hübner, 1823 * ''Mormosia'' (''lapsus'') * ''Optocala'' Beck, 1966 * ''Promonia'' Beck, 1966 * ''Puercala'' Beck, 1966 * ''Reticcala'' Beck, 1966 * ''Simplicala'' Beck, 1966

Palearctic The Palearctic or Palaearctic is the largest of the eight biogeographic realms of the Earth. It stretches across all of Eurasia north of the foothills of the Himalayas, and North Africa. The realm consists of several bioregions: the Euro-Si ...
species

* '' Catocala abacta'' Staudinger, 1900 * ''

Catocala abamita ''Catocala abamita'' is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in Northern China, South-eastern Siberia and on the Korean Peninsula. The wingspan The wingspan (or just span) of a bird or an airplane is the distance from one wingtip to t ...

'' Bremer & Grey, 1853 (including ''C. scortum'') * ''

Catocala actaea ''Catocala actaea'' is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Rudolf Felder and Alois Friedrich Rogenhofer in 1874. Subspecies *''Catocala actaea actaea'' *''Catocala actaea nigricans'' (Mell, 1939) (Shanxi) Description The wingspan ...

'' Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874 * ''

Catocala adultera ''Catocala adultera'' is a moth in the family Erebidae first described by Édouard Ménétries in 1856. It is found in northern Europe, from Siberia to the Russian Far East (Altai, Ussuri, Amur) and Mongolia. Its wingspan is . The larvae feed ...

'' Ménétries, 1856 * ''

Catocala aenigma ''Catocala aenigma'' is a moth in the family Erebidae first described by Leo Sheljuzhko in 1943. It is found in south-eastern Siberia Siberia ( ; rus, Сибирь, r=Sibir', p=sʲɪˈbʲirʲ, a=Ru-Сибирь.ogg) is an extensive geogra ...

'' Sheljuzhko, 1943 * ''

Catocala aestimabilis ''Catocala aestimabilis'' is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in Xinjiang, China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exc ...

'' Staudinger, 1892 * ''

Catocala afghana ''Catocala afghana'' is a moth in the family Erebidae first described by Charles Swinhoe in 1885. It is found in Pakistan and Afghanistan. The species is long. References afghana Afghana or Avagana is a tribal chief or prince of Pashtun ...

'' Swinhoe, 1885 * ''

Catocala agitatrix ''Catocala agitatrix'' is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in the Russian Far East ( Primorye, Khabarovsk, Southern Amur), China, Korea, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu). The wingspan is about 62 mm. Subspecies *''Catocala agitatrix agit ...

'' Graeser, 1889 (including ''C. mabella'') * ''

Catocala amabilis ''Catocala amabilis'' is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in Transcaspia. References Moths described in 1907 amabilis Amabilis (derived from Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch o ...

'' Bang-Haas, 1907 * ''

Catocala amnonfreidbergi ''Catocala amnonfreidbergi'' is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is endemic to the Levant. The wingspan is about 73 mm. Adults are on wing in July. There is probably one generation per year. References

Catocala, amnonfreidbergi ...

'' Kravchenko et al., 2008 * ''

Catocala ariana ''Catocala ariana'' is a moth in the family Erebidae first described by Eva Vartian in 1964. It is found in Afghanistan. References ariana Ariana was a general geographical term used by some Greek and Roman authors of the ancient per ...

'' Vartian, 1964 * ''

Catocala armandi ''Catocala armandi'' is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in south-east Asia, including Tibet and Taiwan. The wingspan The wingspan (or just span) of a bird or an airplane is the distance from one wingtip to the other wingtip. For ...

'' (including ''C. davidi'') * ''

Catocala artobolevskiji ''Catocala artobolevskiji'' is a moth in the family Erebidae first described by Leo Sheljuzhko in 1943. It is found in Uzbekistan Uzbekistan (, ; uz, Ozbekiston, italic=yes / , ; russian: Узбекистан), officially the Republic of Uz ...

'' Sheljuzhko, 1943 * ''

Catocala bella ''Catocala bella'' is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1877. It is found in Russia (Siberia, Primorye, Khabarovsk, Southern Amur), Korea, China and Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu). The wingspan is about 59&n ...

'' (including ''C. serenides'') * ''

Catocala bokhaica ''Catocala bokhaica'' is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Vladimir S. Kononenko in 1979. It is found in Primorye in the Russian Far East, North Korea and China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a ...

'' * ''

Catocala borthi ''Catocala borthi'' is a moth in the family Erebidae. It is found in China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billi ...

'' Saldaitis, Ivinskis, Floriani & Babics, 2012 * ''

Catocala brandti ''Catocala brandti'' is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Hermann Heinrich Hacker and Peter Kautt in 1999. It is found in Greece, south-eastern Turkey, Iran and Israel Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْ ...

'' * ''

Catocala butleri ''Catocala butleri'' is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by John Henry Leech in 1900. It is found in western China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most p ...

'' * ''

Catocala catei ''Catocala catei'' is a moth in the family Erebidae Species description, first described by Friedrich Weisert in 1998. It is found in Iran. References

Catocala, catei Moths described in 1998 Moths of Asia {{Catocalini-stub ...

'' Weisert, 1998 * ''

Catocala chenyixini ''Catocala chenyixini'' is a moth in the family Erebidae. It is found in China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 bi ...

'' Ishizuka, 2011 * ''

Catocala columbina ''Catocala columbina'' is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in Sichuan, Zhejiang, Taiwan and Japan. Subspecies *''Catocala columbina columbina'' *''Catocala columbina okurai'' Sugi, 1965 (Taiwan) *''Catocala columbina yoshihikoi'' Ishiz ...

'' * ''

Catocala coniuncta ''Catocala coniuncta'' is a circum-Mediterranean species of moth whose range extends across southern Europe, North Africa and extending to the Middle East. Its species name has for a long time been misspelled "conjuncta"; this was only corrected ...

'' – Minsmere crimson underwing * ''

Catocala connexa ''Catocala connexa'' is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in Japan. The wingspan The wingspan (or just span) of a bird or an airplane is the distance from one wingtip to the other wingtip. For example, the Boeing 777–200 has a w ...

'' * ''

Catocala contemnenda ''Catocala contemnenda'' is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Staudinger in 1891. It is found in Xinjiang Xinjiang, SASM/GNC: ''Xinjang''; zh, c=, p=Xīnjiāng; formerly romanized as Sinkiang (, ), officially the Xinjian ...

'' * ''

Catocala conversa ''Catocala conversa'' is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Eugenius Johann Christoph Esper in 1787. It is found in the Mediterranean zone and parts of the sub-Mediterranean zone (southern Europe, North Africa and Asia Minor). The ...

'' * ''

Catocala danilovi ''Catocala danilovi'' is a moth in the family Erebidae first described by Otto Bang-Haas Otto Bang-Haas (20 January 1882, Dresden – 30 July 1948, Dresden) was a German entomologist and insect dealer. His collection of microlepidoptera is in ...

'' Bang-Haas, 1927 * '' Catocala dariana'' Sviridov, Speidel, Reshöft, 1996 * ''

Catocala davidi ''Catocala davidi'' is a moth in the family Erebidae first described by Oberthür in 1881. It lives in northern China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous co ...

'' Oberthür, 1881 * ''

Catocala deducta ''Catocala deducta'' is a moth in the family Erebidae Species description, first described by Eduard Friedrich Eversmann in 1843. It is found in Russia (Urals, Altai). The larvae possibly feed on ''Salix'' and ''Populus'' species. References

'' Eversmann, 1843 * ''

Catocala dejeani ''Catocala dejeani'' is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Rudolf Mell in 1936. It is found in China ( Situan, Shaanxi, Guangxi) and Taiwan. Note: This source does not list ''Catocala dejeani'', but has ''C. k. dejeani'' Mell, 1936 ...

'' (sometimes in ''C. kuangtungensis'') * ''

Catocala desiderata ''Catocala desiderata'' is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Staudinger in 1888. It is found in Asia, including Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Xinjiang in China. References Moths described in 1888 desiderata "Desiderata" ( ...

'' * ''

Catocala detrita ''Catocala detrita'' is a moth in the family Erebidae first described by Warren in 1913. It is found in the Ural Mountains The Ural Mountains ( ; rus, Ура́льские го́ры, r=Uralskiye gory, p=ʊˈralʲskʲɪjə ˈɡorɨ; ba, ...

'' Warren, 1913 * ''

Catocala deuteronympha ''Catocala deuteronympha'' is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found from eastern Siberia to Japan and Korea Korea ( ko, 한국, or , ) is a peninsular region in East Asia. Since 1945, it has been divided at or near the 38th paralle ...

'' * ''

Catocala dilecta ''Catocala dilecta'' is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Jacob Hübner in 1808. It is found in north-western Africa through southern Europe to Asia Minor. The wingspan The wingspan (or just span) of a bird or an airplane is ...

'' Hübner, 808/small> (

type Type may refer to: Science and technology Computing * Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc. * Data type, collection of values used for computations. * File type * TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file. * Ty ...

of ''Astiotes'') * ''

Catocala disjuncta ''Catocala disjuncta'' is a moth of the family Erebidae The Erebidae are a family of moths in the superfamily Noctuoidea. The family is among the largest families of moths by species count and contains a wide variety of well-known macromoth ...

'' * '' Catocala dissimilis'' (including ''C. nigricans'') * ''

Catocala distorta ''Catocala distorta'' is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1889. It is found in Himachal Pradesh, India. The species is long and is different from '' Catocala nymphaea'' by being more brown and having m ...

'' Butler, 1889 * ''

Catocala diversa ''Catocala diversa'' is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Carl Geyer in 1826. It is found in Spain, south-eastern France, Italy, the Balkans, European southern Russia and Israel. There is one generation per year. Adults are on win ...

'' * ''

Catocala doerriesi ''Catocala doerriesi'' is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in north-eastern Russia ( Amur, Khavarovsk, Primorye), northern China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the w ...

'' * ''

Catocala dotatoides ''Catocala dotatoides'' is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Robert W. Poole in 1989. It is found in India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country b ...

'' * ''

Catocala dula ''Catocala dula'' is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in Russia, Japan, Korea and China. The wingspan The wingspan (or just span) of a bird or an airplane is the distance from one wingtip to the other wingtip. For example, the Bo ...

'' * '' Catocala duplicata'' * ''

Catocala editarevayae ''Catocala editarevayae'' is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Vasiliy D. Kravchenko et al. in 2008.Müller, Gunter; Kravchenko, Vasiliy; Witt, Thomas; Junnila, Amy; Mooser, J.; Saldaitis, Aidas; Reshöft, K.; Ivinskis, Povilas; Z ...

'' * '' Catocala electa'' – rosy underwing * ''

Catocala ella ''Catocala ella'' is a moth in the family Erebidae Species description, first described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1877. It is found in south-eastern Siberia and Japan. References

Catocala, ella Moths described in 1877 Moths of Asia ...

'' Butler, 1877 * ''

Catocala ellamajor ''Catocala ellamajor'' is a moth in the family Erebidae. It is found in China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 bi ...

'' Ishizuka, 2010 * '' Catocala elocata'' – French red underwing * ''

Catocala eminens ''Catocala eminens'' is a moth in the family Erebidae first described by Otto Staudinger in 1892. It is found in south-eastern Siberia Siberia ( ; rus, Сибирь, r=Sibir', p=sʲɪˈbʲirʲ, a=Ru-Сибирь.ogg) is an extensive geogr ...

'' Staudinger, 1892 * '' Catocala eutychea'' * '' Catocala flavescens'' * '' Catocala florianii'' Saldaitis & Ivinskis, 2008 * ''

Catocala formosana ''Catocala formosana'' is a moth in the family Erebidae first described by Okano in 1958. It is found in Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas ...

'' Okano, 1958 * '' Catocala fraxini'' – blue underwing, Clifden nonpareil (type of ''Hemigeometra'') * ''

Catocala fredi ''Catocala fredi'' is a moth in the family Erebidae first described by Hans Bytinsky-Salz and Wilhelm Brandt in 1937. It is found in Iran. References fredi Fredi may refer to: * Fredi (Valencian pilota) (born 1957), retired Valencian pil ...

'' Bytinsky-Salz & Brandt, 1937 * ''

Catocala fugitiva ''Catocala fugitiva'' is a moth in the family Erebidae first described by Warren in 1914. It is found in Kazakhstan. References fugitiva ''Fugitiva'' is a nine-part Spanish thriller-drama television series produced by RTVE and Grupo Gan ...

'' Warren, 1914 * ''

Catocala fulminea ''Catocala fulminea'', the yellow bands underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli in his 1763 ''Entomologia Carniolica''. It is found in central and southern Europe, east Asia and Sib ...

'' (type of ''Ephesia'') * ''

Catocala fuscinupta ''Catocala fuscinupta'' is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by George Hampson in 1913. It is found in Himachal Pradesh Himachal Pradesh (; ; "Snow-laden Mountain Province") is a state in the northern part of India. Situated i ...

'' * ''

Catocala gansan ''Catocala gansan'' is a moth in the family Erebidae. It is found in China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billi ...

'' Ishizuka & M. Wang, 2013 * '' Catocala giuditta'' Schawerda, 1934 * ''

Catocala haitzi ''Catocala haitzi'' is a moth in the family Erebidae Species description, first described by Otto Bang-Haas in 1936. It is found in Gansu, China. References

Catocala, haitzi Moths described in 1936 Moths of Asia {{Catocalini-stub ...

'' Bang-Haas, 1936 * ''

Catocala hariti ''Catocala hariti'' is a moth in the family Erebidae. It is found in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. References hariti Hārītī (Sanskrit), also known as , ja, text=鬼子母神, translit=Kishimojin, is both a revered goddess and demon, dep ...

'' Ishizuka & Ohshima, 2002 * ''

Catocala helena ''Catocala helena'' is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in Siberia and Manchuria. Expansion of its distribution westward, presumably due to human activity, was recorded. The length of the forewings is about 30 mm. Subspecies *'' ...

'' * ''

Catocala hoenei ''Catocala hoenei'' is a moth in the family Erebidae first described by Rudolf Mell in 1936. It is found in Yunnan Yunnan , () is a landlocked Provinces of China, province in Southwest China, the southwest of the People's Republic of Ch ...

'' Mell, 1936 * ''

Catocala hoferi ''Catocala hoferi'' is a moth in the family Erebidae. It is found in China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billi ...

'' Ishizuka & Ohshima, 2003 * ''

Catocala hymenaea ''Catocala hymenaea'' is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775. It is found from the Middle East to western Asia. There is one generation per year. Adults are on wing from May to July. ...

'' * ''

Catocala hymenoides ''Catocala hymenoides'' is a moth in the family Erebidae first described by Johannes Draeseke in 1927. It is found in China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populo ...

'' Draeseke, 1927 * ''

Catocala hyperconnexa ''Catocala hyperconnexa'' is a moth in the family Erebidae first described by Shigero Sugi in 1965. It is found in Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the no ...

'' Sugi, 1965 * ''

Catocala inconstans ''Catocala inconstans'' is a moth in the family Erebidae The Erebidae are a family of moths in the superfamily Noctuoidea. The family is among the largest families of moths by species count and contains a wide variety of well-known macromot ...

'' Butler, 1889 * '' Catocala infasciata'' Mell, 1936 * ''

Catocala intacta ''Catocala intacta'' is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in Japan and Taiwan. The wingspan The wingspan (or just span) of a bird or an airplane is the distance from one wingtip to the other wingtip. For example, the Boeing 777– ...

'' * ''

Catocala invasa ''Catocala invasa'' is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by John Henry Leech in 1900. It is found in China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous c ...

'' * ''

Catocala jansseni ''Catocala jansseni'' is a moth in the family Erebidae first described by A. E. Prout in 1924. It is found in China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous cou ...

'' A. E. Prout, 1924 * ''

Catocala jonasii ''Catocala jonasii'' is a moth in the family Erebidae first described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1877. It is found in Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in ...

'' Butler, 1877 * ''

Catocala jouga ''Catocala jouga'' is a moth in the family Erebidae. It is found in China (Yunnan) and Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the east ...

'' Ishizuka, 2003 * ''

Catocala juncta ''Catocala juncta'' is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Staudinger in 1889. It is found in Xinjiang Xinjiang, SASM/GNC: ''Xinjang''; zh, c=, p=Xīnjiāng; formerly romanized as Sinkiang (, ), officially the Xinjiang Uyg ...

'' * ''

Catocala jyoka ''Catocala jyoka'' is a moth in the family Erebidae. It is found in China in the province of Sichuan Sichuan (; zh, c=, labels=no, ; zh, p=Sìchuān; alternatively romanized as Szechuan or Szechwan; formerly also referred to as "West C ...

'' Ishizuka, 2006 * ''

Catocala kaki ''Catocala kaki'' is a moth in the family Erebidae. It is found in China (Shaanxi)., 2003: Notes on the Catocala obscena group (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), ''Gekkan-Mushi'', 386: 38-41. References kaki Kaki may refer to: People * Abubaker ...

'' Ishizuka, 2003 * ''

Catocala kasenko ''Catocala kasenko'' is a moth in the family Erebidae. It is found in China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 bill ...

'' Ishizuka, 2007 * ''

Catocala koreana ''Catocala koreana'' is a moth in the family Erebidae first described by Staudinger in 1892. It is found in Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwes ...

'' Staudinger, 1892 * '' Catocala kotschubeyi'' Sheljuzhko, 1927 * ''

Catocala kuangtungensis ''Catocala kuangtungensis'' is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in China (Guangdong, Hunan, Guizhou, Jangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan) and Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Yakushima). The wingspan is about 63 mm. Subspecies *''Catocala k ...

'' * ''

Catocala kusnezovi ''Catocala kusnezovi'' is a moth in the family Erebidae first described by Rudolf Püngeler in 1914. It is found in Kazakhstan and Xinjiang Xinjiang, SASM/GNC: ''Xinjang''; zh, c=, p=Xīnjiāng; formerly romanized as Sinkiang (, ), off ...

'' Püngeler, 1914 * ''

Catocala lara ''Catocala lara'' is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Otto Vasilievich Bremer in 1861. It is found in Russia, Japan and Shanxi Shanxi (; ; formerly romanised as Shansi) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of C ...

'' Bremer, 1861 * ''

Catocala largeteaui ''Catocala largeteaui'' is a moth in the family Erebidae first described by Charles Oberthür in 1881. It is found in China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most popul ...

'' Oberthür, 1881 * '' Catocala laura'' Speidel, Ivinskis & Saldaitis, 2008 * ''

Catocala leechi ''Catocala leechi'' is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by George Hampson in 1913. It is found in Kashmir Kashmir () is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the ter ...

'' * '' Catocala lehmanni'' Speidel, Ivinskis & Saldaitis, 2008 * ''

Catocala lesbia ''Catocala lesbia'' is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Hugo Theodor Christoph in 1887. It is found in the Middle East, in regions without severe winters. In Turkey, south-east of the Anatolian Plateau, in oases and desert foot ...

'' * ''

Catocala longipalpis ''Catocala longipalpis'' is a moth in the family Erebidae first described by Rudolf Mell in 1936. It is found in Yunnan Yunnan , () is a landlocked Provinces of China, province in Southwest China, the southwest of the People's Republic ...

'' Mell, 1936 * ''

Catocala lupina ''Catocala lupina'' is a moth in the family Erebidae Species description, first described by Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer in 1851. It is found from south-eastern Europe to south-western Siberia, Asia Minor and Transcaucasia. Adults ...

'' Herrich-Schäffer, 851/small> * '' Catocala luscinia'' Brandt, 1938 * ''

Catocala maculata ''Catocala maculata'' is a moth in the family Erebidae first described by Vincent in 1919. It is found in China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country ...

'' Vincent, 1919 * ''

Catocala mariana ''Catocala mariana'' is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Jules Pierre Rambur in 1858. It is found in Portugal and Spain. References External links "''Catocala mariana''" ''Invertebrados Insectariumvirtual''. With images. ...

'' * ''

Catocala martyrum ''Catocala martyrum'' is a moth in the family Erebidae first described by Charles Oberthür in 1881. It is found in China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populo ...

'' Oberthür, 1881 * ''

Catocala maso ''Catocala maso'' is a moth in the family Erebidae. It is found in China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion ...

'' Ishizuka, 2011 * '' Catocala mesopotamica'' * '' Catocala mirifica'' Butler, 1877 * '' Catocala moltrechti'' Bang-Haas, 1927 * ''

Catocala musmi ''Catocala musmi'' is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by George Hampson in 1913. It is found in China and Korea Korea ( ko, 한국, or , ) is a peninsular region in East Asia. Since 1945, it has been divided at or near the ...

'' * ''

Catocala naganoi ''Catocala naganoi'' is a moth in the family Erebidae first described by Shigero Sugi in 1982. It is found exclusively in Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and ...

'' Sugi, 1982 * ''

Catocala nagioides ''Catocala nagioides'' is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in Japan and eastern Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Nor ...

'' * ''

Catocala naumanni ''Catocala naumanni'' is a moth in the family Erebidae first described by Andreĭ Valentinovich Sviridov in 1996. It is found in China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's ...

'' Sviridov, 1996 * '' Catocala neglecta'' * ''

Catocala neonympha ''Catocala neonympha'' is a moth in the family Erebidae first described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1877. It is found in south-western Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, eastern Turkey, Iraq, Armenia, Kurdistan, Afghanistan, the Altai Mountains and ...

'' Esper, 1805 (type of ''Eucora'') * ''

Catocala nivea ''Catocala nivea'' is a moth in the family Erebidae first described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1877. It is found in Japan and Taiwan. Subspecies *''Catocala nivea nivea'' *''Catocala nivea asahinaorum'' Owada, 1986 (Taiwan) *''Catocala nivea ...

'' Butler, 1877 * '' Catocala nubila'' * '' Catocala nupta'' – red underwing * ''

Catocala nymphaea ''Catocala nymphaea'' is a species of moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Eugenius Johann Christoph Esper in 1787. It is found in southern France, Austria, Albania, Portugal, Croatia, Italy, Greece, Corsica, Sicily, Crete, North Afri ...

'' * ''

Catocala nymphaeoides ''Catocala nymphaeoides'' is a moth in the family Erebidae first described by Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer in 1852. It is found in south-eastern Siberia Siberia ( ; rus, Сибирь, r=Sibir', p=sʲɪˈbʲirʲ, a=Ru-Сиби ...

'' Herrich-Schäffer, 1852 * ''

Catocala nymphagoga ''Catocala nymphagoga'', the oak yellow underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in Southern Europe, from Bulgaria up to the Iberian Peninsula and sometimes further north as a migrant. It is also found in North Africa and Asia Mi ...

'' – oak yellow underwing * '' Catocala oberthueri'' Austaut, 1879 * ''

Catocala obscena ''Catocala obscena'' is a moth in the family Erebidae Species description, first described by Sergei Alphéraky in 1879. It is found in Korea and China.Ishizuka, K. (2003). "Notes on the ''Catocala obscena'' group (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)". ''Gek ...

'' Alphéraky, 1879 * ''

Catocala ohshimai ''Catocala ohshimai'' is a moth in the family Erebidae. It is found in China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 bi ...

'' Ishizuka, 2001 * ''

Catocala olgaorlovae ''Catocala olgaorlovae'' is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Vasiliy D. Kravchenko et al. in 2008. It is known only from the southern Levant where it was collected in two oases of the central Negev, En Avdat, En Ziq, and from the ...

'' * ''

Catocala optata ''Catocala optata'' is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Jean-Baptiste Godart in 1824. It is known from south-central Europe (except Greece) and north-western Africa. The wingspan is 61–63 mm. Adults are on wing from July ...

'' * ''

Catocala optima ''Catocala optima'', the Turanga underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Otto Staudinger in 1888. It is found in Xinjiang, China. The wingspan is 44–46 mm. References Moths described in 188 ...

'' – Turanga underwing * ''

Catocala pacta ''Catocala pacta'' is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found from southern Sweden, east to Finland, Poland, the Baltic states, to the Ural and the Amur regions south of Tibet. The Catocala pacta's wingspan is 42–52 mm. Adults are on w ...

'' * ''

Catocala paki ''Catocala paki'' is a moth in the family Erebidae first described by Yasunori Kishida in 1981. It is found in Korea Korea ( ko, 한국, or , ) is a peninsular region in East Asia. Since 1945, it has been divided at or near the 38th pa ...

'' Kishida, 1981 * '' Catocala patala'' Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874 * ''

Catocala pataloides ''Catocala pataloides'' is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Rudolf Mell in 1931. It is found in northeastern Laos and in the southeastern Chinese provinces of Guangxi, Guangdong and Hunan. and Taiwan Taiwan, officially ...

'' * ''

Catocala persimilis ''Catocala persimilis'' is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Warren in 1888. It is found in western India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by ...

'' * ''

Catocala pirata ''Catocala pirata'' is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in the Russian Far East (Primorye) and North Korea. The wingspan is about 43 mm. References External links Catocala of Asia {{Taxonbar, from=Q5053762 pirata Pirata may ...

'' * ''

Catocala praegnax ''Catocala praegnax'' is a moth in the family Erebidae first described by Francis Walker in 1858. It is found in Japan, northern China and Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junctio ...

'' Walker, 1858 * '' Catocala prolifica'' Walker, 1857 * ''

Catocala promissa ''Catocala promissa'', the light crimson underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775. It can be found in Europe and Anatolia up to Armenia. Technical description ...

'' – light crimson underwing * '' Catocala proxeneta'' Alphéraky, 1895 * ''

Catocala pudica ''Catocala'' is a generally Holarctic genus of moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Franz von Paula Schrank in 1802. The moths are commonly known as underwing moths or simply underwings. These terms are sometimes used for a f ...

'' Moore, 1879 * ''

Catocala pudica sabine ''Catocala'' is a generally Holarctic genus of moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Franz von Paula Schrank in 1802. The moths are commonly known as underwing moths or simply underwings. These terms are sometimes used for a f ...

'' Saldaitis, Pekarsky & Borth 2014 * ''

Catocala puella ''Catocala puella'' is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by John Henry Leech in 1889. It is found in northern China and Korea. The wingspan The wingspan (or just span) of a bird or an airplane is the distance from one wingtip to ...

'' * ''

Catocala puerpera ''Catocala puerpera'' is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Michel-Esprit Giorna in 1791. It is found in Mediterranean and sub-Mediterranean areas of the Near East and Middle East and in North Africa North Africa, or Northern A ...

'' (type of ''Eunetis'') * '' Catocala puerperoides'' * ''

Catocala remissa ''Catocala remissa'' is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Otto Staudinger in 1892. It is found in Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country located mainly ...

'' * ''

Catocala repudiata ''Catocala repudiata'' is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Otto Staudinger in 1888. It is found in western Turkestan and Xinjiang Xinjiang, SASM/GNC: ''Xinjang''; zh, c=, p=Xīnjiāng; formerly romanized as Sinkiang (, ...

'' * ''

Catocala rhodosoma ''Catocala rhodosoma'' is a moth in the family Erebidae The Erebidae are a family of moths in the superfamily Noctuoidea. The family is among the largest families of moths by species count and contains a wide variety of well-known macromoth ...

'' Röber, 1927 * ''

Catocala seibaldi ''Catocala seibaldi'' is a moth in the family Erebidae. It is found in China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 bil ...

'' Saldaitis, Ivinskis & Borth, 2010 (including ''C. pseudoformosana'') * ''

Catocala seiohbo ''Catocala seiohbo'' is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Katsumi Ishizuka in 2002. It is found in the Chinese provinces of Sichuan, Guangxi, Guangdong and Hunan. The wingspan The wingspan (or just span) of a bird or an airp ...

'' * '' Catocala separans'' * '' Catocala separata'' * ''

Catocala sinyaevi ''Catocala sinyaevi'' is a moth in the family Erebidae first described by Andreĭ Valentinovich Sviridov in 2004. It is found in central China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the w ...

'' Sviridov, 2004 * ''

Catocala solntsevi ''Catocala solntsevi'' is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Andreĭ Valentinovich Sviridov in 1997. It is found in Guangdong in China and Vietnam. The wingspan The wingspan (or just span) of a bird or an airplane is the dist ...

'' * ''

Catocala sponsa ''Catocala sponsa'', the dark crimson underwing, is a species of moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in Europe, North Africa and from Anatolia up to the Caucasus. Technical description and variation ''M. sponsa'' L. Somewhat smaller and pa ...

'' – dark crimson underwing * ''

Catocala sponsalis ''Catocala sponsalis'' is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in Nepal, China (Hubei) and northern Laos Laos (, ''Lāo'' )), officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic ( Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທ� ...

'' * ''

Catocala stamensis ''Catocala stamensis'' is a moth in the family Erebidae. It is found in Thailand Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochin ...

'' Kishida & Suzuki, 2002 * '' Catocala streckeri'' * ''

Catocala sultana ''Catocala sultana'' is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in Tunisia, Morocco and Algeria. Some authors consider it a subspecies (''Catocala optata sultana'') or even a form of ''Catocala optata ''Catocala optata'' is a moth of the f ...

'' (sometimes in ''C. optata'') * ''

Catocala svetlana ''Catocala svetlana'' is a moth in the family Erebidae. It is found in China (Fujian). References svetlana Svetlana () is a common Orthodox Slavic feminine given name, deriving from the East and South Slavic root ''svet'' (), meaning ...

'' Sviridov, 1997 * '' Catocala szechuena'' * ''

Catocala tapestrina ''Catocala tapestrina'' is a moth of the family Erebidae Species description, first described by Frederic Moore in 1882. It is found in China, Bhutan, Nepal and in India. Subspecies *''Catocala tapestrina tapestrina'' Moore, 1882 (from India) * ...

'' Moore, 1882 * '' Catocala thomsoni'' A. E. Prout, 1924 * ''

Catocala timur ''Catocala timur'', the Timur underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in Transcaspia. The wingspan is about 40 mm. Subspecies *''Catocala timur timur'' (Transcaspia) *''Catocala timur richteri'' Wiltshire, 1961 (Southern I ...

'' – Timur underwing * ''

Catocala tokui ''Catocala tokui'' is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in Japan (Honshu, Kyushu, Tsushima, Yakushima) and Taiwan. The wingspan The wingspan (or just span) of a bird or an airplane is the distance from one wingtip to the other win ...

'' * ''

Catocala toropovi ''Catocala toropovi'' is a moth in the family Erebidae. It is found in Kazakhstan.Saldaitis, A.; Kons, H.L., jr.; Borth, R. 2014: A new species of Catocala Schrank, 1802 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae (sensu lato): Erebinae) from Kazakhstan. Zootaxa, 38 ...

'' Saldaitis, Kons & Borth, 2014 * ''

Catocala triphaenoides ''Catocala triphaenoides'' is a moth in the family Erebidae first described by Charles Oberthür in 1881. It is found in northern China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's ...

'' Oberthür, 1881 * ''

Catocala uljanae ''Catocala uljanae'' is a moth in the family Erebidae. It is found in China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 bil ...

'' Sinyaev, Saldaitis & Ivinskis, 2007 * ''

Catocala viviannae ''Catocala viviannae'' is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in Turkey and Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turk ...

'' * '' Catocala weigerti'' Hacker, 1999 * ''

Catocala wushensis ''Catocala wushensis'' is a moth of the family Erebidae The Erebidae are a family of moths in the superfamily Noctuoidea. The family is among the largest families of moths by species count and contains a wide variety of well-known macromoth ...

'' * ''

Catocala xarippe ''Catocala xarippe'' is a moth in the family Erebidae. It is found in Japan and the Russian Far East The Russian Far East (russian: Дальний Восток России, r=Dal'niy Vostok Rossii, p=ˈdalʲnʲɪj vɐˈstok rɐˈsʲiɪ) is ...

'' Butler, 1877 (formerly in ''C. fulminea'') * ''

Catocala xizangensis ''Catocala xizangensis'' is a moth in the family Erebidae. It is found in China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1. ...

'' Chen, 1991 Comparison of Eurasian species Image:Catocala actaea 01.jpg, ''

'' Image:Catocala agitatrix.jpg, ''

'' Image:Catocala coniuncta.jpg, '' Catocala conjuncta'' Image:Catocala conversa.jpg, ''

'' Image:Catocala dilecta.jpg , ''

'' Image:Catocala disjuncta.jpg, ''

'' Image:Catocala diversa.jpg, ''

'' Image:Catocala electa01.jpg, '' Catocala electa''
rosy underwing Image:Catocala elocata.01.jpg, '' Catocala elocata''
French red underwing Image:Catocala eutychea.jpg, '' Catocala eutychea'' Image:Catocala fraxini.01.jpg, '' Catocala fraxini''
blue underwing

type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen( ...

of ''Hemigeometra'' Image:'Catocala fulminea'.jpg, ''

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type species of ''Ephesia'' Image:Catocala hymenaea.jpg, ''

'' Image:Catocala lara 01.jpg, ''

'' Image:Catocala lupina.jpg, ''

'' Image:Catocala mariana.jpg, ''

'' Image: Catocala neonympha.01.jpg, ''

'' Image:Catocala nupta.01.jpg, '' Catocala nupta''
red underwing
type species of ''Catocala'' Image:Catocala nymphaea.01.jpg, ''

'' Image:Catocala nymphagoga.jpg, ''

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oak yellow underwing Image:Catocala optata.jpg, ''

'' Image:Catocala pacta.jpg , ''

'' Image:Catocala promissa.jpg, ''

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light crimson underwing Image:Catocala puerpera.jpg, ''

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type species of ''Eunetis'' Image:Catocala separata.jpg, '' Catocala separata'' Image:Catocala sponsa.01.jpg, ''

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dark crimson underwing

Nearctic The Nearctic realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting the Earth's land surface. The Nearctic realm covers most of North America, including Greenland, Central Florida, and the highlands of Mexico. The parts of North America ...
species

* ''

Catocala abbreviatella ''Catocala abbreviatella'' is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found from Indiana south and west to Texas and Oklahoma and north to Nebraska and Wisconsin. The wingspan is 40–50 mm. Adults are on wing from July to August depending on ...

'' * ''

Catocala agrippina ''Catocala agrippina'', the Agrippina underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was Species description, first described by Herman Strecker in 1874. It is found in the United States from southern New Jersey south to Florida, west t ...

'' – Agrippina underwing * ''

Catocala aholibah The Aholibah underwing (''Catocala aholibah'') is a moth of the "owlet" family Erebidae, which has over 25,000 known members, and more than that yet undescribed. Like other moths of the underwing genus (''Catocala''), this species has dull gray a ...

'' – Aholibah underwing * ''

Catocala alabamae ''Catocala alabamae'', the Alabama underwing or titan underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found from Pennsylvania south to Florida, west to Texas and north to Missouri, Wisconsin, and Illinois. The wingspan is 20–40 mm. A ...

'' – Alabama underwing, titan underwing (including ''C. olivia, C. titania'') * ''

Catocala allusa ''Catocala allusa'' or ''Catocala faustina allusa'' is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found from British Columbia, south through Washington to northern California. It is also found in Oregon and possibly western Nevada. Adults are on win ...

'' (sometimes in ''C. faustina'') * ''

Catocala amatrix ''Catocala amatrix'', the sweetheart underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species can be found from Nova Scotia, south through Connecticut to Florida and west through Texas and Oklahoma to Arizona and north to Montana, Minnesota, and ...

'' – sweetheart underwing (type of ''Lamprosia'') * ''

Catocala amestris ''Catocala amestris'', the three-staff underwing, is a species of Catocalini that occurs in North America. It is considered endangered and is legally protected in the state of Michigan. Description Like most underwings, ''C. amestris'' has a br ...

'' – three-staff underwing * ''

Catocala amica ''Catocala amica'', the girlfriend underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was Species description, first described by Jacob Hübner in 1818. It is found from southern Canada (Ontario and Quebec) through the United States east of ...

'' – girlfriend underwing (type of ''Corisce'') * ''

Catocala andromache ''Catocala andromache'', the Andromache underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Henry Edwards in 1885. It is found in the United States from southern California to Arizona. Subspecies ''Catocala andromach ...

'' – Andromache underwing * '' Catocala andromedae'' – Andromeda underwing, gloomy underwing * ''

Catocala angusi ''Catocala angusi'', commonly known as Angus' underwing, is a species of moth in the family Erebidae. It is found from Massachusetts and Connecticut south to Georgia west to Arkansas and Kansas and north to Illinois and Michigan. The wingspan is ...

'' – Angus' underwing * '' Catocala antinympha'' – sweetfern underwing (type of ''Catabapta'') * ''

Catocala atocala ''Catocala atocala'', Brou's underwing or the atocala underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found from Louisiana west to Oklahoma and north to southern Illinois. Adults are on wing from July to August. There is probably one genera ...

'' – Atocala underwing, Brou's underwing * '' Catocala badia'' – bay underwing, bayberry underwing, old maid * ''

Catocala benjamini ''Catocala benjamini'', or Benjamin's underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was Species description, first described by Auburn Edmund Brower in 1937. It is found in the US states of Arizona, Nevada, southern California and south ...

'' – Benjamin's underwing (formerly in ''C. andromache'') * ''

Catocala blandula ''Catocala blandula'', the charming underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was Species description, first described by George Duryea Hulst in 1884. It is found in North America from Nova Scotia west to central Alberta, south to ...

'' – charming underwing * ''

Catocala briseis ''Catocala briseis'', the Briseis underwing or ribbed underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was Species description, first described by William Henry Edwards in 1864. It is found across the North American Boreal forest region f ...

'' – Briseis underwing, ribbed underwing * ''

Catocala caesia ''Catocala caesia'' is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in the mountains of south-eastern Arizona and south-western New Mexico (United States), and southward through the Sierra Madre Occidental in Chihuahua (Mexico). The length of the ...

'' – bluish-gray underwing * ''

Catocala californica ''Catocala californica'' is a moth of the family Erebidae Species description, first described by William Henry Edwards in 1864. It is found in western North America from British Columbia and Alberta south through Washington (state), Washington a ...

'' (including ''C. erichi'') * ''

Catocala californiensis ''Catocala californiensis'' is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in southern California. Adults are on wing from June to July. There is probably one generation per year. The larvae feed on ''Quercus turbinella ''Quercus turbinella'' ...

'' * ''

Catocala cara ''Catocala cara'', the darling underwing, is an moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Achille Guenée in 1852. It can be found in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains; it occurs west at least to Oklahoma and no ...

'' – darling underwing * ''

Catocala carissima ''Catocala carissima'', the carissima underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species can be found from Florida through Georgia (U.S. State), Georgia to Texas. It was formerly considered to be a subspecies of ''Catocala cara''. Refere ...

'' – carissima underwing (formerly in ''C. cara'') * ''

Catocala cerogama ''Catocala cerogama'', the yellow-banded underwing, is a moth of the tribe (biology), tribe Catocalini that occurs in North America. The species was Species description, first described by Achille Guenée in 1852. Description The wingspan is 64 t ...

'' – yellow-banded underwing * ''

Catocala charlottae ''Catocala charlottae'' or ''Catocala praeclara charlottae'' is a moth of the family Erebidae The Erebidae are a family of moths in the superfamily Noctuoidea. The family is among the largest families of moths by species count and contains ...

'' (sometimes in ''C. praeclara'') * ''

Catocala chelidonia ''Catocala chelidonia'' is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found from Arizona and Utah to California. The wingspan is 45–50 mm. Adults are on wing from June to September depending on the location. There is probably one generation p ...

'' * ''

Catocala cleopatra ''Catocala cleopatra'' or ''Catocala faustina cleopatra'' is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found from British Columbia south to California. The wingspan is about 65 mm. Adults are on wing from June to September. There is probably one ...

'' (sometimes in ''C. faustina'') * '' Catocala clintoni'' – Clinton's underwing * ''

Catocala coccinata ''Catocala coccinata'', the scarlet underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was Species description, first described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1872. It is found in southern Canada and the eastern United States, following riv ...

'' – scarlet underwing * ''

Catocala concumbens ''Catocala concumbens'', the sleepy underwing or pink underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was Species description, first described by Francis Walker (entomologist), Francis Walker in 1858. It is found in eastern North Americ ...

'' – pink underwing, sleepy underwing * ''

Catocala connubialis ''Catocala connubialis'', the connubial underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Achille Guenée in 1852. It is found in North America from Ontario to Prince Edward Island (including Quebec, New Brunswick, ...

'' – connubial underwing * ''

Catocala consors ''Catocala consors'', the consort underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found from Maine and Connecticut south to Florida and west to Texas and eastern Oklahoma. The wingspan is over 70 mm. Adults are on wing from April to July ...

'' – consort underwing * ''

Catocala crataegi ''Catocala crataegi'', the hawthorn underwing or chokeberry underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found from Ontario and Quebec to Prince Edward Island south from Maine through Connecticut to Georgia and west to Arkansas and north to ...

'' – hawthorn underwing, chokeberry underwing * ''

Catocala dejecta ''Catocala dejecta'', the dejected underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found from Massachusetts and Connecticut south through New Jersey to Florida, west to Texas and Oklahoma and north to southern Ontario. The wingspan is 56–7 ...

'' – dejected underwing * ''

Catocala delilah ''Catocala delilah'', the Delilah underwing, is a moth in the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Strecker in 1874. It is found in the southern and midwestern United States, from Ohio south to Florida and west to Texas and Oklaho ...

'' – Delilah underwing * ''

Catocala desdemona ''Catocala desdemona'', the Desdemona underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Henry Edwards in 1882. It is found in Utah and Arizona, ranging south into New Mexico and Texas, and onwards through Mexico up ...

'' – Desdemona underwing (including ''C. ixion'', formerly in ''C. delilah'') * ''

Catocala dulciola ''Catocala dulciola'', the quiet underwing or sweet underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1881. It is found in the United States from New York through Virginia, west to Missou ...

'' – quiet underwing, sweet underwing * ''

Catocala electilis ''Catocala electilis'' is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in Arizona and Mexico. The larvae feed on ''Populus fremontii ''Populus fremontii'', commonly known as Frémont's cottonwood, is a cottonwood (and thus a poplar) native ...

'' * ''

Catocala epione ''Catocala epione'', the Epione underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Dru Drury in 1773. It is found in North America from Quebec and Ontario south through Connecticut to Florida and west to Texas and Okl ...

'' – Epione underwing (type of ''Mormonia'') * ''

Catocala faustina ''Catocala faustina'' is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found from Colorado west to California and north through Washington (U.S. State), Washington to British Columbia. It has also been reported in Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon and Utah. ...

'' * ''

Catocala flebilis ''Catocala flebilis'', the mourning underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1872. It is found in North America from Massachusetts and Connecticut south to North Carolina and Geo ...

'' – mournful underwing * ''

Catocala francisca ''Catocala francisca'' or ''Catocala hermia francisca'' is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in California. Adults are on wing from June to September depending on the location. There is probably one generation per year. References ...

'' (sometimes in ''C. hermia'') * ''

Catocala frederici ''Catocala frederici'' is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico and Arizona. The wingspan The wingspan (or just span) of a bird or an airplane is the distance from one wingtip to the other wingtip. For e ...

'' * '' Catocala gracilis'' – graceful underwing * '' Catocala grisatra'' – grisatra underwing * ''

Catocala grotiana ''Catocala grotiana'', or Grote's underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by James S. Bailey in 1879. It is found in the US from Arizona, north through Utah into Colorado. It has also been spotted in Washingt ...

'' – Grote's underwing * ''

Catocala grynea ''Catocala grynea'', the woody underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Pieter Cramer in 1780. It is found in North America from Ontario and Quebec through Maine and Connecticut, south to Florida, west to T ...

'' – woody underwing * ''

Catocala habilis ''Catocala habilis'', the habilis underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1872. It is found in North America from Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, and New Brunswick south through Conne ...

'' – habilis underwing * ''

Catocala hermia ''Catocala hermia'', the Hermia underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was Species description, first described by Henry Edwards (entomologist), Henry Edwards in 1880. It is found throughout the Great Plains of North America, fr ...

'' – Hermia underwing (including ''C. sheba'') * '' Catocala herodias'' – Herodias' underwing, Gerhard's underwing * ''

Catocala hippolyta ''Catocala semirelicta hippolyta'' is a subspecies of moth of the family Erebidae first described by Strecker in 1874. It is found in the US state of California. The wingspan is 72–76 mm. Adults are on wing from June to October dependin ...

'' (sometimes in ''C. semirelicta'') * ''

Catocala ilia ''Catocala ilia'', the Ilia underwing, beloved underwing or wife underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Pieter Cramer in 1776. It can be found in the eastern part of the United States as well as southern ...

'' – beloved underwing, Ilia underwing, wife underwing * ''

Catocala illecta ''Catocala illecta'', the Magdalen underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Francis Walker in 1858. It is found in North America from south-western Ontario south to Tennessee and South Carolina and west an ...

'' – Magdalen underwing * ''

Catocala innubens ''Catocala innubens'', the betrothed underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was Species description, first described by Achille Guenée in 1852. It is found in North America from southern Ontario and Quebec (where it is rare) so ...

'' – betrothed underwing * ''

Catocala insolabilis ''Catocala insolabilis'', the inconsolable underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was Species description, first described by Achille Guenée in 1852. It is found in North America from Ontario through Maine and Connecticut south ...

'' – inconsolable underwing * ''

Catocala irene ''Catocala irene'', or Irene's underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Hans Hermann Behr in 1870. It is found in the western United States in Utah and California and Nevada. The wingspan is 65–75 mm. Adults are o ...

'' – Irene's underwing * ''

Catocala jair ''Catocala jair'', the Jair underwing or Barrens underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Strecker in 1897. It is found from the Pine Barrens of New Jersey, in the coastal plain in Bladen County, North Caro ...

'' – Jair underwing, barrens underwing * ''

Catocala jessica ''Catocala jessica'', the Jessica underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Henry Edwards in 1877. It was described in the United States from Arizona through Colorado to Illinois and California. The wingsp ...

'' – Jessica underwing (including ''C. babayaga'') * ''

Catocala johnsoniana ''Catocala johnsoniana'', or Johnson's underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Auburn Edmund Brower in 1976. It is found in the US state of California California is a U.S. state, state in the Weste ...

'' – Johnson's underwing * ''

Catocala judith ''Catocala judith'', or Judith's underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Strecker in 1874. It is found in North America from southern Quebec (where it is rare) and Ontario to the United States from New Ham ...

'' – Judith's underwing * ''

Catocala junctura __NOTOC__ ''Catocala junctura'', the joined underwing or Stretch's underwing, is a moth in the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Francis Walker in 1858. It is found throughout temperate North America, ranging from New York an ...

'' – joined underwing, Stretch's underwing (including ''C. elsa, C. stretchii'') * ''

Catocala lacrymosa ''Catocala lacrymosa'', the tearful underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found from Massachusetts and Connecticut south to Florida, west to Texas and eastern Oklahoma and north to Illinois and Michigan and into southern Ontario. Th ...

'' – tearful underwing * ''

Catocala lincolnana ''Catocala lincolnana'', the Lincoln underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was Species description, first described by Auburn Edmund Brower in 1976. It is found in the US from North Carolina south to Florida and west through Ar ...

'' – Lincoln underwing * ''

Catocala lineella ''Catocala lineella'', the lineella underwing, little lined underwing or steely underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1872. It is found in North America from Ontario and Quebec ...

'' – lineella underwing, little lined underwing, steely underwing (formerly in ''C. amica'') * ''

Catocala louiseae ''Catocala louiseae'', or Louise's underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species is endemic to the United States. The epithet, ''louiseae'', is in honor of "the late Louise (Mrs. E.P.) Mellon" who funded the Carnegie Museum of Natural ...

'' – Louise's underwing (including ''C. protonympha'') * ''

Catocala luciana ''Catocala luciana'', the shining underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Herman Strecker in 1874. It is found in western North America, as far east as Minnesota and Illinois and northward into extreme sou ...

'' – shining underwing * ''

Catocala maestosa ''Catocala maestosa'', commonly known as the sad underwing, is a species of moth in the family Erebidae. The species was first described by George Duryea Hulst in 1884. It is found in the United States from New York south to Florida and Alabama, ...

'' – sad underwing * ''

Catocala manitoba The Manitoba underwing, ''Catocala manitoba'' or ''Catocala praeclara manitoba'', is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in Manitoba. The larvae feed on ''Populus'' and '' Salix''. References External links Species info Moths descri ...

'' – Manitoba underwing (sometimes in ''C. praeclara'') * '' Catocala marmorata'' – marbled underwing * ''

Catocala mcdunnoughi ''Catocala mcdunnoughi'', or McDunnough's underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was Species description, first described by Auburn Edmund Brower in 1937. It is found in the US state of California. Adults are on wing from June ...

'' – McDunnough's underwing * '' Catocala meskei'' – Meske's underwing * ''

Catocala messalina ''Catocala messalina'', the Messalina underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Achille Guenée in 1852. It is found in the United States from Virginia south to Florida and west to Texas and north to Kansas. ...

'' – Messalina underwing (type of ''Andrewsia'') * ''

Catocala micronympha ''Catocala micronympha'', the little nymph underwing or little bride underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was Species description, first described by Achille Guenée in 1852. It is found in North America from southern Ontario, ...

'' – little nymph underwing, little bride underwing * ''

Catocala minuta ''Catocala minuta'', the little underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by William Henry Edwards in 1864. It is found in the US from New York to Florida and west to Texas and north to South Dakota, Indiana an ...

'' – little underwing * '' Catocala mira'' – wonderful underwing * '' Catocala miranda'' – Miranda underwing * ''

Catocala muliercula ''Catocala muliercula'', the little wife underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was Species description, first described by Achille Guenée in 1852. It is found in the US from Massachusetts and Connecticut south to Florida and w ...

'' – little wife underwing * ''

Catocala myristica ''Catocala'' is a generally Holarctic genus of moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Franz von Paula Schrank in 1802. The moths are commonly known as underwing moths or simply underwings. These terms are sometimes used for a f ...

'' - Myristica underwing Kons & Borth, 2015 * ''

Catocala nebulosa ''Catocala nebulosa'', the clouded underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by William Henry Edwards in 1864. It is found in North America from southern Ontario south through Tennessee to Florida, west to Texa ...

'' – clouded underwing * '' Catocala neogama'' – the bride (including ''C. euphemia'') * ''

Catocala nuptialis ''Catocala nuptialis'', the married underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Francis Walker in 1858. It is found in North America from Manitoba south through Minnesota and Nebraska to eastern Oklahoma and T ...

'' – married underwing * '' Catocala obscura'' – obscure underwing * ''

Catocala ophelia ''Catocala ophelia'' is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in the dry forests of Arizona, California and south-western Oregon. The wingspan is about 52 mm. Adults are on wing from July to October depending on the location. There is ...

'' * '' Catocala orba'' – Orba underwing * ''

Catocala palaeogama ''Catocala palaeogama'', the old wife underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was Species description, first described by Achille Guenée in 1852. It is found in North America from Ontario and Quebec (where it is rare), through M ...

'' – old wife underwing (sometimes in ''C. neogama'') * '' Catocala parta'' – mother underwing * ''

Catocala piatrix ''Catocala piatrix'', the penitent underwing, is a moth from North America. The species was Species description, first described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1864. It is placed in subfamily Catocalinae, either of the family (biology), family N ...

'' – penitent underwing * ''

Catocala praeclara ''Catocala praeclara'', the praeclara underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was Species description, first described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote and Coleman Townsend Robinson in 1866. It is found in North America from Nova Scot ...

'' – praeclara underwing * '' Catocala pretiosa'' – precious underwing (formerly in ''C. crataegi'') ** ''Catocala pretiosa texarkana'' – Texarkana underwing * '' Catocala relicta'' – the relict, "white underwing" * ''

Catocala residua ''Catocala residua'', the residua underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1874. It is found in North America from southern Ontario, Quebec and Maine south to North Carolina and ...

'' – residua underwing * ''

Catocala retecta ''Catocala retecta'', the yellow-gray underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was Species description, first described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1872. It can be found in North America from southern Ontario and Quebec south t ...

'' – yellow-gray underwing ** ''Catocala'' (''retecta'') ''luctuosa'' – yellow-fringed underwing * ''

Catocala robinsoni ''Catocala robinsonii'', or Robinson's underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1872. It is found in North America from southern Ontario and New Hampshire south to Florida west ...

'' – Robinson's underwing * ''

Catocala sappho ''Catocala sappho'', the Sappho underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Ferdinand Heinrich Hermann Strecker in 1874. It is found from Virginia and Tennessee south to Florida and west to Louisiana, Mississi ...

'' – Sappho underwing * ''

Catocala semirelicta ''Catocala semirelicta'', the semirelict underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1874. It is found in North America from Nevada, Colorado, Utah, California, and Nova Scotia so ...

'' – semirelict underwing (including ''C. nevadensis, C. pura'') * ''

Catocala serena ''Catocala serena'', the serene underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found from southern Ontario, New York (state), New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, as far south as to at least Tennessee, and west to Pennsylvania, Illinois and at ...

'' – serene underwing * ''

Catocala similis ''Catocala similis'', the similar underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was Species description, first described by William Henry Edwards in 1864. It is found in North America from Ontario and Quebec south through Maine and Con ...

'' – similar underwing * ''

Catocala sordida ''Catocala sordida'', the sordid underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was Species description, first described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1877. It is found in North America from Saskatchewan east to New Brunswick and Princ ...

'' – sordid underwing * '' Catocala subnata'' – youthful underwing * ''

Catocala texanae ''Catocala texanae'', the Texan underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by George Hazen French in 1902. It is found in the US state of Texas Texas (, ; Spanish language, Spanish: ''Texas'', ''Tejas'' ...

'' – Texan underwing * ''

Catocala ulalume ''Catocala ulalume'', the Ulalume underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Herman Strecker in 1878. It is found in the United States from Virginia through Georgia to Florida, west to Texas and Oklahoma and ...

'' – Ulalume underwing * ''

Catocala ultronia ''Catocala ultronia'', the dark red underwing or ultronia underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was Species description, first described by Jacob Hübner in 1823. It is found in most of eastern North America, south to Florida a ...

'' – dark red underwing, ultronia underwing * ''

Catocala umbrosa ''Catocala umbrosa'' is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Vernon Antoine Brou Jr. in 2002. It is found from Arizona east to New Jersey and from Florida north to Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten prov ...

'' * ''

Catocala unijuga ''Catocala unijuga'', the once-married underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Francis Walker in 1858. It is found in North America from Newfoundland west to south central British Columbia, south to Kentu ...

'' – once-married underwing * '' Catocala verrilliana'' – Verrill's underwing * ''

Catocala vidua ''Catocala vidua'', the widow underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was Species description, first described by James Edward Smith (botanist), James Edward Smith in 1797. It is found in North America from southern Ontario, into ...

'' – widow underwing * ''

Catocala violenta ''Catocala violenta'' is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found from Colorado to Arizona, east to Texas and into Mexico. The wingspan The wingspan (or just span) of a bird or an airplane is the distance from one wingtip to the other win ...

'' * ''

Catocala whitneyi ''Catocala whitneyi'', or Whitney's underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by G. M. Dodge in 1874. It is found in North America from North Dakota, Nebraska, and Kansas eastward through Wisconsin to Ohio and ...

'' – Whitney's underwing Comparison of North American species File:Catocala nurus.JPG, ''

'' f. ''nurus''
sweetheart underwing
type species of ''Lamprosia'' File:Catocala amica.jpg, ''

''
girlfriend underwing
type species of ''Corisce'' File:Catocala allusa.JPG, ''

'' File:Catocala andromache2.JPG, ''

''
Andromache underwing File:Catocala angusi 01.jpg, ''

''
Angus' underwing File:Catocala antinympha.jpg, '' Catocala antinympha''
sweetfern underwing File:Catocala phoebe.JPG, '' Catocala badia''
bay underwing File:Catocala benjamini benjamini.JPG, ''

benjamini''
Benjamin's underwing File:Catocala carissima.JPG, ''

''
carissima underwing File:Catocala cerogama.jpg, ''

''
yellow-banded underwing File:Catocala coccinata sinuosa.jpg, ''

''
scarlet underwing File:Catocala concumbens2.JPG, ''

''
pink underwing File:Catocala sancta.JPG, ''

'' f. ''sancta''
connubial underwing File:Catocala delilah mounted.JPG, ''

''
Delilah underwing File:Catocala desdemona.JPG, ''

''
Desdemona underwing File:Catocala frederici2.JPG, ''

'' File:Catocala grotiana.JPG, ''

''
Grote's underwing File:Catocala grynea 01.JPG, ''

''
woody underwing File:Catocala habilis.jpg, ''

''
habilis underwing File:Catocala diantha.JPG, ''

'' f. ''diantha''
Hermia underwing File:Catocala innubens.jpg, ''

''
betrothed underwing File:Catocala irene2.JPG, ''

''
Irene's underwing File:Catocala jessica.JPG, ''

''
Jessica underwing File:Catocala johnsoniana.JPG, ''

''
Johnson's underwing File:Catocala judith 01.jpg, ''

''
Judith's underwing File:Catocala lacrymosa 01.jpg, ''

''
tearful underwing File:Catocala nerissa.JPG, ''

''
lineella underwing File:Catocala nebraskae.JPG, ''

''
shining underwing File:Catocala maestosa2.JPG, ''

''
sad underwing File:Catocala manitoba.JPG, ''

''
Manitoba underwing File:Catocala mcdunnoughi.JPG, ''

''
McDunnough's underwing File:Catocala rosalinda.JPG, '' Catocala meskei'' f. ''rosalinda''
Meske's underwing File:Catocala micronympha.jpg, ''

''
little nymph underwing File:Catocala euphemia.JPG, '' Catocala neogama euphemia''
the bride File:Catocala obscura.jpg, '' Catocala obscura''
obscure underwing File:Catocala palaeogama 01.jpg, ''

''
old wife underwing File:Catocala dionyza2.JPG, ''

dionyza''
penitent underwing File:Catocala relicta.01.jpg, '' Catocala relicta''
the relict File:Catocala luctuosa.JPG, ''

luctuosa''
yellow-fringed underwing File:Catocala serena.jpg, ''

''
serene underwing File:Catocala subnata 01.JPG, '' Catocala subnata''
youthful underwing File:Catocala texanae.JPG, ''

''
Texan underwing File:Catocala ultronia.jpg, ''

''
dark red underwing File:Catocala unijuga.JPG, ''

''
once-married underwing File:Catocala beutenmuelleri.JPG, '' Catocala verrilliana'' f. ''beutenmuelleri''
Verrill's underwing File:Catocala vidua.jpg, ''

''
widow underwing

Other "underwing moths"

As noted in the introduction, some species besides the Catocala species are also commonly known as "underwings". Typically however, the name is used with a qualifier, such as a color term, in these cases. Non-''Catocala'' "underwing moths" are typically owlet moths, namely: Subfamily Catocalinae *

Beautiful yellow underwing ''Anarta myrtilli'', the beautiful yellow underwing, is a moth in the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1761. It is found in most of Europe including Scandinavia, Britain, France, Germany, Switzerland, Spain, ...

(''Anarta myrtilli'') *

Brown underwing ''Minucia lunaris'', the lunar double-stripe or brown underwing, is a species of moth in the family Erebidae. The species was Species description, first described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775 and is found in Asia, Europe and ...

(''Minucia lunaris'') *

Locust underwing __NOTOC__ ''Euparthenos'' is a monotypic moth genus in the family Erebidae erected by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1876. Its only species, ''Euparthenos nubilis'', the locust underwing, was first described by Jacob Hübner in 1823. The adults res ...

(''Euparthenos nubilis'') * (European)

white underwing ''Catephia alchymista'', the white underwing or alchymist, is a moth in the family Erebidae found in Asia, Europe and North Africa. The species was first described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775. Technical description and ...

(''Catephia alchymista'') – in North America, "white underwing" typically refers to '' Catocala relicta'' Subfamily Amphipyrinae *

Copper underwing The copper underwing, humped green fruitworm or pyramidal green fruitworm (''Amphipyra pyramidea'') is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae''. Distribu ...

(''Amphipyra pyramidea'') *

Svensson's copper underwing Svensson's copper underwing (''Amphipyra berbera'') is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Charles E. Rungs in 1949. It is distributed throughout Europe including Russia east to the Urals. This species has a wing ...

(''Amphipyra berbera'') Subfamily Erebinae * False underwing moth (''Allotria elonympha'') Subfamily Hadeninae *

Black underwing ''Mormo maura'', the old lady or black underwing, is a species of moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in the 10th edition of his Systema Naturae. It is found in the Palearctic realm, from north-weste ...

(''Mormo maura'') *

Blossom underwing ''Orthosia miniosa'', the blossom underwing, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was Species description, first described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775. It is found in Europe. Technical description and variation ...

(''Orthosia miniosa'') *

Broad-bordered white underwing ''Hadula melanopa'', the broad-bordered white underwing, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Carl Peter Thunberg in 1791. Subspecies ''H. m. melanopa'' is found in northern Scandinavia; subspecies ''H. m. rupe ...

(''Hadula melanopa'') *

Guernsey underwing ''Polyphaenis sericata'', the Guernsey underwing, is a moth of the family Noctuidae The Noctuidae, commonly known as owlet moths, cutworms or armyworms, are a family of moths. They are considered the most controversial family in the superfamil ...

(''Polyphaenis sericata'') *

Lunar underwing The lunar underwing (''Omphaloscelis lunosa'') is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was Species description, first described by Adrian Hardy Haworth in 1809. It has a scattered distribution in western Europe including Spain, Scandinavia ...

(''Omphaloscelis lunosa'') *

Small dark yellow underwing ''Coranarta cordigera'', the small dark yellow underwing, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Carl Peter Thunberg Carl Peter Thunberg, also known as Karl Peter von Thunberg, Carl Pehr Thunberg, or Carl Per ...

(''Coranarta cordigera'') * Small yellow underwing (''Panemeria tenebrata'') *

Straw underwing The straw underwing (''Thalpophila matura'') is a species of moth in the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Johann Siegfried Hufnagel in 1766. It is found from North Africa west through South Europe and Central Europe. In the no ...

(''Thalpophila matura'') Subfamily Noctuinae *

Pearly underwing ''Peridroma saucia'', the pearly underwing or variegated cutworm, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Jacob Hübner in 1808. It is found in North and South America, Europe, Asia and Africa. The variegated cutwor ...

(''Peridroma saucia'') *

Yellow underwing ''Noctua'' (Latin for "little owl") is a genus of moths. They have dull, cryptic forewings and often very bright hindwings. These are hidden under the forewings when the moths rest, leading to their common name of yellow underwings. They are not ...

s proper, some 15 species in the genus '' Noctua'' However, the "orange underwings" are two species of genus '' Archiearis'' of the geometer moth family (Geometridae): *

Orange underwing ''Archiearis parthenias'', the orange underwing, is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1761 and can be found in Europe, Russia and Japan. The wingspan is about 30–40 mm. The moths fly f ...

(''Archiearis parthenias'') *

Light orange underwing ''Archiearis notha'', the light orange underwing, is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species was first described by Jacob Hübner in 1803 and can be found in Europe. The wingspan The wingspan (or just span) of a bird or an airplane ...

(''Archiearis notha'') Image:Mormo maura.1.JPG, Black underwing
''

Mormo maura ''Mormo maura'', the old lady or black underwing, is a species of moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was Species description, first described by Carl Linnaeus in the 10th edition of his 10th edition of Systema Naturae, Systema Naturae. It ...

''
Hadeninae Image:Minucia lunaris.jpg, Brown underwing
''

Minucia lunaris ''Minucia lunaris'', the lunar double-stripe or brown underwing, is a species of moth in the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775 and is found in Asia, Europe and North Africa. Tech ...

''
Catocalinae Image:Cathephia alchymista.jpg, White underwing
''

Catephia alchymista ''Catephia alchymista'', the white underwing or alchymist, is a moth in the family Erebidae found in Asia, Europe and North Africa. The species was Species description, first described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775. Techni ...

''
Catocalinae Image:Amphipyra berbera001.jpg, Svensson's copper underwing
''

Amphipyra berbera Svensson's copper underwing (''Amphipyra berbera'') is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Charles E. Rungs in 1949. It is distributed throughout Europe including Russia east to the Urals. This species has a wings ...

''
Amphipyrinae Image:Amphipyra pyramidea.jpg, Copper underwing
'' Amphipyra pyramidea''
Amphipyrinae Image:Noctua tirrenica female.jpg, Mediterranean yellow underwing
''

Noctua tirrenica ''Noctua tirrenica'' is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It was described by A. D. Biebinger, Wolfgang Speidel and H. Hanigk in 1983. It is found in southern Europe, from the Iberian Peninsula and France to southern Russia. The wingspan is 46–5 ...

''
Noctuinae Image:Noctua fimbriata2.jpg, Broad-bordered yellow underwing
''

Noctua fimbriata ''Noctua fimbriata'', the broad-bordered yellow underwing, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in Europe, North Africa, Anatolia, the Caucasus, Turkey, Caucasus, Transcaucasia, Armenia, Turkmenistan and Novosibirsk Oblast. The border o ...

''
Noctuinae Image:Noctua pronuba.o1.jpg, Large yellow underwing
'' Noctua pronuba''
Noctuinae Image:Noctua jantina.01.jpg, Lesser broad-bordered yellow underwing
'' Noctua janthina''
Noctuinae Image:Noctua interjecta.jpg, Least yellow underwing
'' Noctua interjecta''
Noctuinae Image:Noctua interposita.JPG, Least yellow underwing
'' Noctua interposita''
Noctuinae Image:Noctua orbona.01.jpg, Lunar yellow underwing
''

Noctua orbona ''Noctua orbona'', the lunar yellow underwing, is a moth of the family Noctuoidea. It is found in the Palearctic. Distribution North Africa (Morocco and Libya), western, central and southern Europe. In the north to Scotland, southern Norway, ce ...

''
Noctuinae Image:Noctua comes.01.jpg, Lesser yellow underwing
'' Noctua comes''
Noctuinae Image:Coranarta cordigera.jpg, Small dark yellow underwing
''

Coranarta cordigera ''Coranarta cordigera'', the small dark yellow underwing, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Carl Peter Thunberg in 1788. It can be found in parts of Europe, mainly in the north. In central and southern Europe i ...

''
Hadeninae Image:Anarta myrtilli 01.jpg, Beautiful yellow underwing
''

Anarta myrtilli ''Anarta myrtilli'', the beautiful yellow underwing, is a moth in the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1761. It is found in most of Europe including Scandinavia, Britain, France, Germany, Switzerland, Spain ...

''
Catocalinae Image:Panemeria tenebrata.jpg, Small yellow underwing
'' Panemeria tenebrata''
Catocalinae Image:Hadula melanopa.jpg, Broad-bordered white underwing
''

Hadula melanopa ''Hadula melanopa'', the broad-bordered white underwing, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Carl Peter Thunberg in 1791. Subspecies ''H. m. melanopa'' is found in northern Scandinavia; subspecies ''H. m. rupest ...

''
Hadeninae Image:Polyphaenis sericata.01.jpg, Guernsey underwing
''

Polyphaenis sericata ''Polyphaenis sericata'', the Guernsey underwing, is a moth of the family Noctuidae The Noctuidae, commonly known as owlet moths, cutworms or armyworms, are a family of moths. They are considered the most controversial family in the superfamil ...

''
Hadeninae Image:Thalpophila matura.jpg, Straw underwing
''

Thalpophila matura The straw underwing (''Thalpophila matura'') is a species of moth in the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Johann Siegfried Hufnagel in 1766. It is found from North Africa west through South Europe and Central Europe. In the no ...

''
Hadeninae Image:Orthosia miniosa 01.jpg, Blossom underwing
''

Orthosia miniosa ''Orthosia miniosa'', the blossom underwing, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775. It is found in Europe. Technical description and variation The wingspan is 31� ...

''
Hadeninae Image:Peridroma saucia 01.jpg, Pearly underwing
'' Peridroma saucia''
Noctuinae Image:Archiearis parthenias.jpg, Orange underwing
'' Archiearis parthenias''
Geometridae: Archiearinae Image:Archiearis notha.jpg, Light orange underwing
''

Archiearis notha ''Archiearis notha'', the light orange underwing, is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species was first described by Jacob Hübner in 1803 and can be found in Europe. The wingspan is about 35 mm. The moths fly from March to April dep ...

''
Geometridae: Archiearinae Image:Boudinotiana puella.jpg, Pale orange underwing
''

Boudinotiana puella ''Boudinotiana puella'', the pale orange underwing, is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species was first described by Eugen Johann Christoph Esper in 1787. It is found in isolated populations in central Europe, ranging to southern Russia i ...

''
Geometridae: Archiearinae

Footnotes

References

* ''

Fauna Europaea Fauna Europaea is a database of the scientific names and distribution of all living multicellular European land and fresh-water animals. It serves as a standard taxonomic source for animal taxonomy within the Pan-European Species directories Inf ...

'' (FE) (2011)
''Catocala''
Version 2.4, January 27, 2011. Retrieved March 29, 2012. * * Nelson, John M. & Loy, Peter W. (1983): The Underwing Moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) of Oklahoma. ''Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science'' 63: 60–67
PDF fulltext
* Pitkin, Brian & Jenkins, Paul (2004a)
Butterflies and Moths of the World, Generic Names and their Type-species
�
Blepharonia Hübner 1823
Version of November 5, 2004. Retrieved March 29, 2012. * Pitkin, Brian & Jenkins, Paul (2004b)
Butterflies and Moths of the World, Generic Names and their Type-species
�
''Catocala''
Version of November 5, 2004. Retrieved March 29, 2012. * * Stevens, Martin (2005): The role of eyespots as anti-predator mechanisms, principally demonstrated in the Lepidoptera. '' Biological Reviews'' 80(4): 573–588.
PDF fultlext
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910): ''English-Greek Dictionary – A Vocabulary of the Attic Language''. George Routledge & Sons Ltd., Broadway House, Ludgate Hill, E.C
Searchable JPEG fulltext

External links

* * Oehlke, Bill (January 1, 2013)

''Catocala''. Retrieved January 13, 2019. {{Taxonbar , from=Q2450100 Noctuoidea genera

Description and ecology

Classification

Synonyms

Palearctic The Palearctic or Palaearctic is the largest of the eight biogeographic realms of the Earth. It stretches across all of Eurasia north of the foothills of the Himalayas, and North Africa. The realm consists of several bioregions: the Euro-Si ... species

Nearctic The Nearctic realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting the Earth's land surface. The Nearctic realm covers most of North America, including Greenland, Central Florida, and the highlands of Mexico. The parts of North America ... species

Other "underwing moths"

Footnotes

References

Further reading

External links

Palearctic The Palearctic or Palaearctic is the largest of the eight biogeographic realms of the Earth. It stretches across all of Eurasia north of the foothills of the Himalayas, and North Africa. The realm consists of several bioregions: the Euro-Si ...
species

Nearctic The Nearctic realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting the Earth's land surface. The Nearctic realm covers most of North America, including Greenland, Central Florida, and the highlands of Mexico. The parts of North America ...
species