Caliciales is an

order Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood * Heterarchy, a system of organization wherein the elements have the potential to be ranked a number of d ...

of mostly

lichen A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.Lecanoromycetes Lecanoromycetes is the largest class of lichenized fungi. It belongs to the subphylum Pezizomycotina in the phylum Ascomycota. The asci (spore-bearing cells) of the Lecanoromycetes most often release spores by rostrate dehiscence. Genera of unc ...

. It consists of two families: Caliciaceae and Physciaceae, which together contain 54

genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclat ...

and more than 1200 species. The order was

circumscribed In geometry, the circumscribed circle or circumcircle of a polygon is a circle that passes through all the vertices of the polygon. The center of this circle is called the circumcenter and its radius is called the circumradius. Not every po ...

by American botanist Charles Edwin Bessey in 1907.

Families and genera

, Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accepts 2 families, 56 genera, and 910 species in the Caliciales. * Caliciaceae ::'' Acolium'' – 5 spp. ::''

Acroscyphus ''Acroscyphus'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single fruticose species ''Acroscyphus sphaerophoroides''. It is found in various locations in the cordilleras of western North A ...

'' – 1 sp. ::'' Allocalicium'' – 1 sp. ::'' Amandinea'' – 83 spp. ::'' Australiaena'' – 1 sp. ::'' Baculifera'' – 18 spp. ::'' Buellia'' – 201 spp. ::'' Caliciella'' – 1 sp. ::''

Calicium ''Calicium'' is a genus of leprose lichens. It is in the family Caliciaceae. The sexual reproduction structures are a mass of loose ascospores that are enclosed by a cup shaped exciple sitting on top of a tiny stalk, having the appearance ...

'' – 36 spp. ::'' Chrismofulvea'' – 3 spp. ::'' Ciposia'' – 1 sp. ::'' Cratiria'' – 23 spp. ::'' Dermatiscum'' – 2 sp. ::'' Dermiscellum'' – 1 sp. ::'' Dimelaena'' – 10 spp. ::'' Diploicia'' – 6 spp. ::'' Diplotomma'' – 12 spp. ::'' Dirinaria'' – 18 spp. ::'' Endohyalina'' – 10 sp. ::''

Fluctua ''Fluctua'' is a lichen genus in the family Caliciaceae. It is monotypic, containing the single crustose lichen species ''Fluctua megapotamica''. The genus was circumscribed by Austrian lichenologist Bernhard Marbach in 2000. It was one of severa ...

'' – 1 sp. ::'' Gassicurtia'' – 30 spp. ::''

Hafellia ''Hafellia'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in tropical regions, and contains five species. The genus is named in honour of Austrian lichenologist Josef Hafellner ...

'' – 13 spp. ::'' Hypoflavia'' – 3 spp. ::''

Monerolechia ''Monerolechia'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae. Species *'' Monerolechia bayrhofferi'' *'' Monerolechia californica'' *''Monerolechia glomerulans ''Monerolechia'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Calic ...

'' – 5 spp. ::''

Orcularia ''Orcularia'' is a genus of four species of lichens in the family Caliciaceae. It was originally circumscribed as a section of the genus ''Rinodina'' by Swedish botanist Gustaf Oskar Andersson Malme in 1902. Klaus Kalb and Mireia Giralt promoted ...

'' – 3 spp. ::''

Pseudothelomma ''Pseudothelomma'' is a genus of crustose pin lichens in the family Caliciaceae. It currently contains two species. The genus was circumscribed in 2016 by lichenologists Maria Prieto and Mats Wedin. The generic name ''Pseudothelomma'' refers to i ...

'' – 2 spp. ::'' Pyxine'' – 44 spp. ::''

Redonia ''Redonia'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae. It contains the single species ''Redonia chilena'', a squamulose lichen. The type specimen was collected in Tarapacá, Chile, where it was found growing on calcareous soil. Th ...

'' – 1 sp. ::''

Santessonia ''Santessonia'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 1978 by lichenologists Mason Hale and Gernot Vobis, with '' Santessonia namibensis'' assigned as the type species, and at that time, only sp ...

'' – 3 sp. ::''

Sculptolumina ''Sculptolumina'' is a genus of corticolous lichens in the family Caliciaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Bernhard Marbach in 2000, with '' Sculptolumina japonica'' designated as the type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species ( ...

'' – 5 spp. ::''

Sphinctrinopsis ''Sphinctrinopsis'' is a lichen genus in the family Caliciaceae. The genus, distributed in the former USSR, is monotypic In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monoty ...

'' – 1 sp. ::''

Stigmatochroma ''Stigmatochroma'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution, and contains 9 species. Species *''Stigmatochroma adauctum'' (2000) *''Stigmatochroma epiflavium'' (2000) *''Stigmatochroma e ...

'' – 8 spp. ::''

Tetramelas ''Tetramelas'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae. Species *''Tetramelas allisoniae'' *''Tetramelas anisomerus'' *''Tetramelas austropapillatus'' *''Tetramelas chloroleucus'' *''Tetramelas cladocarpizus'' *''Tetramelas ...

'' – 31 spp. ::''

Texosporium ''Texosporium'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae. It is a monotypic genus, containing the single species ''Texosporium sancti-jacobi'', found in the United States. The genus is characterized by microscopic features: the as ...

'' – 1 sp. ::''

Thelomma ''Thelomma'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae. The genus is widely distributed and contains seven species. ''Thelomma'' was circumscribed In geometry, the circumscribed circle or circumcircle of a polygon is a ci ...

'' – 2 spp. ::'' Tholurna'' – 1 sp. ::''

Tylophoropsis ''Tylophoropsis'' is the scientific name of two genera of organisms and may refer to: * ''Tylophoropsis'' (plant) N.E.Br. (1894), a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae * ''Tylophoropsis'' (lichen) Sambo (1938), a genus of fungi in ...

– 1 sp. * Physciaceae ::'' Anaptychia'' – 5 spp. ::'' Awasthia'' – 1 sp. ::''

Coscinocladium ''Coscinocladium'' is a genus of two species of lichenized fungi in the family Physciaceae The Physciaceae are a family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. A 2016 estimate placed 1 ...

'' – 2 spp. ::'' Culbersonia'' – 1 sp. ::'' Heterodermia'' – 49 spp. ::'' Hyperphyscia'' – 7 spp. ::''

Kashiwadia ''Kashiwadia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae. The genus was circumscribed in Sergey Kondratyuk, László Lőkös, and Jae-Seoun Hur in 2014 to contain the species ''Physcia orientalis'', after molecular phylogenetic ...

'' – 1 sp. ::'' Leucodermia'' – 11 spp. ::''

Mischoblastia ''Rinodina'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution and contains about 265 species. It is hypothesized that a few saxicolous species common to dry regions of western North America, so ...

'' – 3 spp. ::''

Mobergia ''Mobergia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae. The genus name of ''Mobergia'' is in honour of Jan Roland Moberg (b.1939), a Swedish botanist (Mycology and Lichenology) and at the Museum of Evolution, Uppsala Universit ...

'' – 1 sp. ::'' Oxnerella'' – 1 sp. ::''

Phaeophyscia ''Phaeophyscia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae The Physciaceae are a family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. A 2016 estimate placed 19 genera and ...

'' – 22 spp. ::'' Phaeorrhiza'' – 1 sp. ::'' Physcia'' – 43 spp. ::''

Physciella ''Physciella'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae. Circumscribed in 1986, it is distinguished from the similar genera ''Physcia'' and ''Phaeophyscia'' by its prosoplectenchymatous (comprising long narrow wavy parallel hy ...

'' – 4 spp. ::'' Physconia'' – 15 spp. ::''

Polyblastidium ''Polyblastidium'' is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Physciaceae. It has 18 species. The genus was circumscribed by German lichenologist Klaus Kalb in 2015, with '' Polyblastidium japonicum'' assigned as the type species. ''Polyblastidi ...

'' – 18 spp. ::'' Rinodina'' – 132 spp. ::''

Rinodinella ''Rinodinella'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae The Physciaceae are a family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. A 2016 estimate placed 19 genera and 6 ...

'' – 3 spp. ::''

Tornabea ''Tornabea'' is a monotypic genus of lichenized fungi in the family Physciaceae. It only contains the one accepted species, Tornabea scutellifera 2 other species has been found to be synonyms of ''Tornabea scutellifera''; ''Tornabea atlantica'' ...

'' – 1 sp.

References

Caliciales Lecanoromycetes orders Lichen orders Taxa described in 1907 {{Caliciales-stub