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Pseudothelomma
''Pseudothelomma'' is a genus of crustose pin lichens in the family Caliciaceae. It currently contains two species. The genus was circumscribed in 2016 by lichenologists Maria Prieto and Mats Wedin. The generic name ''Pseudothelomma'' refers to its resemblance to genus ''Thelomma'', where the two species used to be classified. Both species grow on dry exposed wood, particularly fence posts. Description ''Pseudothelomma'' has a thallus that is crustose, grey, with a thin cortex. The ascomata are immersed in wrinkles, and are flat, sometimes with a green or yellow pruina on the mazaedia. The spores have a single septum and are black-brown in colour. Secondary chemicals found in ''Pseudothelomma'' include usnic acid in the thallus (occasionally), and epanorin and rhizocarpic acid in the hymenium The hymenium is the tissue layer on the hymenophore of a fungal fruiting body where the cells develop into basidia or asci, which produce spores. In some species all of the cells of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudothelomma Ocellatum
''Pseudothelomma ocellatum'' is a species of lignicolous (wood-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Caliciaceae. This lichen is characterised by its grey, areolate thallus that produces abundant lichenised diaspores, such as short spherical isidia and coarse, dark brown-black soredia. It is typically sterile, meaning apothecia (fruiting bodies) are absent. ''Pseudothelomma ocellatum'' is primarily a Northern Hemisphere lichen, especially found in temperate to cool temperate areas, and somewhat rare in North America where its range has expanded from southern California to the Yukon since its first documentation in 1978. Its habitats include weathered wooden structures influenced by nitrate enrichment, and while it is largely found in European mountain ranges and reported in New Zealand and South Africa, recent findings also place it in Tasmania, suggesting a broader distribution than previously thought. ''Catillaria fungoides'' and overgrown ''Buellia griseovirens'' share c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudothelomma Occidentale
''Pseudothelomma occidentale'' is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Caliciaceae. It was first formally described by Albert William Herre in 1910, who initially classified it in the genus ''Cyphelium''. Leif Tibell transferred it to ''Thelomma'' in 1976. In 2016, María Prieto and Mats Wedin transferred the taxon to the newly circumscribed genus '' Pseudothelomma''. In his original description of the lichen, Herre identified ''Cyphelium occidentalis'' as a new species, previously determined as an ''Acolium'' species by Hasse in 1902. He described the thallus as determinate, forming either rounded or oval patches, or spreading extensively, composed of thick with surfaces of many small nodules, creating a deeply fissured, chinky crust of whitish or ashy-grey colour, not reacting to KOH or CaCl2 tests. The apothecia were noted to be innate in swollen warts, varying in size from small to large, with a black and a thick, white, often concealed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caliciales Genera
Caliciales is an order of mostly lichenized fungi in the class Lecanoromycetes. It consists of two families: Caliciaceae and Physciaceae, which together contain 54 genera and more than 1200 species. The order was circumscribed by American botanist Charles Edwin Bessey in 1907. Families and genera , Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accepts 2 families, 56 genera, and 910 species in the Caliciales. * Caliciaceae ::'' Acolium'' – 5 spp. ::''Acroscyphus'' – 1 sp. ::'' Allocalicium'' – 1 sp. ::'' Amandinea'' – 83 spp. ::'' Australiaena'' – 1 sp. ::'' Baculifera'' – 18 spp. ::'' Buellia'' – 201 spp. ::'' Caliciella'' – 1 sp. ::''Calicium'' – 36 spp. ::'' Chrismofulvea'' – 3 spp. ::'' Ciposia'' – 1 sp. ::'' Cratiria'' – 23 spp. ::'' Dermatiscum'' – 2 sp. ::'' Dermiscellum'' – 1 sp. ::'' Dimelaena'' – 10 spp. ::'' Diploicia'' – 6 spp. ::'' Diplotomma'' – 12 spp. ::'' Dirinaria'' – 18 spp. ::'' Endohyalina'' – 10 sp. ::''Fluctua'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caliciales
Caliciales is an order of mostly lichenized fungi in the class Lecanoromycetes. It consists of two families: Caliciaceae and Physciaceae, which together contain 54 genera and more than 1200 species. The order was circumscribed by American botanist Charles Edwin Bessey in 1907. Families and genera , Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accepts 2 families, 56 genera, and 910 species in the Caliciales. *Caliciaceae ::'' Acolium'' – 5 spp. ::'' Acroscyphus'' – 1 sp. ::'' Allocalicium'' – 1 sp. ::'' Amandinea'' – 83 spp. ::'' Australiaena'' – 1 sp. ::'' Baculifera'' – 18 spp. ::'' Buellia'' – 201 spp. ::'' Caliciella'' – 1 sp. ::''Calicium'' – 36 spp. ::'' Chrismofulvea'' – 3 spp. ::'' Ciposia'' – 1 sp. ::'' Cratiria'' – 23 spp. ::'' Dermatiscum'' – 2 sp. ::'' Dermiscellum'' – 1 sp. ::'' Dimelaena'' – 10 spp. ::'' Diploicia'' – 6 spp. ::'' Diplotomma'' – 12 spp. ::'' Dirinaria'' – 18 spp. ::'' Endohyalina'' – 10 sp. ::'' Fluctua'' � ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caliciaceae
The Caliciaceae are a family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. Although the family has had its classification changed several times throughout its taxonomic history, the use of modern molecular phylogenetic methods have helped to establish its current placement in the order Caliciales. Caliciaceae contains 36 genera and about 600 species. The largest genus is '' Buellia'', with around 300 species; there are more than a dozen genera that contain only a single species. Most Caliciaceae grow on bark, dead wood, or rocks. Some members of this family, particularly those of the type genus, ''Calicium'', are characterized by the presence of thin-walled and short-lasting asci (spore-bearing cells) and a mazaedium, which is an accumulation of loose, maturing spores covering the surface of the fruiting body. The resulting passive spore dispersal is relatively rare amongst the Ascomycota. The mazaedium, usually black, e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Septum
In biology, a septum (Latin for ''something that encloses''; plural septa) is a wall, dividing a cavity or structure into smaller ones. A cavity or structure divided in this way may be referred to as septate. Examples Human anatomy * Interatrial septum, the wall of tissue that is a sectional part of the left and right atria of the heart * Interventricular septum, the wall separating the left and right ventricles of the heart * Lingual septum, a vertical layer of fibrous tissue that separates the halves of the tongue. * Nasal septum: the cartilage wall separating the nostrils of the nose * Alveolar septum: the thin wall which separates the alveoli from each other in the lungs * Orbital septum, a palpebral ligament in the upper and lower eyelids * Septum pellucidum or septum lucidum, a thin structure separating two fluid pockets in the brain * Uterine septum, a malformation of the uterus * Vaginal septum, a lateral or transverse partition inside the vagina * Interm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taxa Described In 2016
In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; plural taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular name and given a particular ranking, especially if and when it is accepted or becomes established. It is very common, however, for taxonomists to remain at odds over what belongs to a taxon and the criteria used for inclusion. If a taxon is given a formal scientific name, its use is then governed by one of the nomenclature codes specifying which scientific name is correct for a particular grouping. Initial attempts at classifying and ordering organisms (plants and animals) were set forth in Carl Linnaeus's system in ''Systema Naturae'', 10th edition (1758), as well as an unpublished work by Bernard and Antoine Laurent de Jussieu. The idea of a unit-based system of biological classification was first made widely available in 1805 in the int ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mazaedium
The following is a glossary of terms used in the description of lichens, composite organisms that arise from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungus species in a mutualistic relationship. Until the end of the 18th century, only a couple of lichen-specific terms had been proposed. Johann Dillenius introduced ' in 1742 to describe the cup-shaped structures associated with genus ''Cladonia'', while in 1794 Michel Adanson used ' for the furrowed fruitbodies of the genus ''Graphis''. Erik Acharius, the "father of lichenology", conceived many new terms to describe lichen structures in several of his seminal publications in the early 1800s. Examples include , , , , , , and . In 1825, Friedrich Wallroth published the first of his multi-volume work ''Naturgeschichte der Flechten'' ("Natural History of Lichens"), in which he proposed an alternative terminology based largely on roots from the Greek language. His work, presented as an alternative to that of Ach ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hymenium
The hymenium is the tissue layer on the hymenophore of a fungal fruiting body where the cells develop into basidia or asci, which produce spores. In some species all of the cells of the hymenium develop into basidia or asci, while in others some cells develop into sterile cells called cystidia ( basidiomycetes) or paraphyses ( ascomycetes). Cystidia are often important for microscopic identification. The subhymenium consists of the supportive hyphae from which the cells of the hymenium grow, beneath which is the hymenophoral trama, the hyphae that make up the mass of the hymenophore. The position of the hymenium is traditionally the first characteristic used in the classification and identification of mushrooms. Below are some examples of the diverse types which exist among the macroscopic Basidiomycota and Ascomycota. * In agarics, the hymenium is on the vertical faces of the gills. * In boletes and polypores, it is in a spongy mass of downward-pointing tubes. * In puffb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhizocarpic Acid
Rhizocarpic acid is an organic compound with the molecular formula C28H23NO6 which has been isolated from the lichen ''Rhizocarpon geographicum'' and other lichens A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among hypha, filaments of multiple fungus, fungi species in a mutualism (biology), mutualistic relationship.Lichen products Biological pigments Amides Furanones [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epanorin
Epanorin is a lichen secondary metabolite with the molecular formula C25H25NO6. Epanorin inhibits the proliferation of MCF-7 cancer cells. References Further reading * * Lichen products Biological pigments Amides Furanones Methyl esters {{organic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Usnic Acid
Usnic acid is a naturally occurring dibenzofuran derivative found in several lichen species with the formula C18H16O7. It was first isolated by German scientist W. Knop in 1844 and first synthesized between 1933-1937 by Curd and Robertson. Usnic acid was identified in many genera of lichens including ''Usnea'', ''Cladonia'', ''Hypotrachyna'', ''Lecanora'', ''Ramalina'', ''Evernia'', ''Parmelia'' and '' Alectoria''. Although it is generally believed that usnic acid is exclusively restricted to lichens, in a few unconfirmed isolated cases the compound was found in kombucha tea and non-lichenized ascomycetes. At normal conditions, usnic acid is a bitter, yellow, solid substance. It is known to occur in nature in both the d- and l-forms as well as a racemic mixture. Salts of usnic acid are called usnates (e.g. copper usnate). Biological role in lichens Usnic acid is a secondary metabolite in lichens whose role has not been completely elucidated. It is believed that usnic acid protect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
