Boris Trajkovski (
GCMG; , pronounced ; 25 June 1956 – 26 February 2004) was a Macedonian politician who served as the
President of Macedonia from 1999 until his death in 2004 in a plane crash.
Early life
Trajkovski was born on 25 June 1956 in the village of
Murtino in the region of
Strumica in
PR Macedonia,
FPR Yugoslavia (modern
North Macedonia
North Macedonia, officially the Republic of North Macedonia, is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe. It shares land borders with Greece to the south, Albania to the west, Bulgaria to the east, Kosovo to the northwest and Serbia to the n ...
), into a
Methodist
Methodism, also called the Methodist movement, is a Protestant Christianity, Christian Christian tradition, tradition whose origins, doctrine and practice derive from the life and teachings of John Wesley. George Whitefield and John's brother ...
family.
He studied at a gymnasium in Strumica.
As a Methodist Christian, he led the Yugoslav Methodist youth organization for 12 years. Trajkovski graduated in 1980 with a degree in law from the
Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje.
He also studied at a Protestant theological college in the
United States
The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...
.
Trajkovski subsequently specialised in commercial and employment law, later serving as the leader of the legal department of the Sloboda construction company in
Skopje
Skopje ( , ; ; , sq-definite, Shkupi) is the capital and largest city of North Macedonia. It lies in the northern part of the country, in the Skopje Basin, Skopje Valley along the Vardar River, and is the political, economic, and cultura ...
until 1997.
The communist government had also confined him to the countryside during the
Cold War
The Cold War was a period of global Geopolitics, geopolitical rivalry between the United States (US) and the Soviet Union (USSR) and their respective allies, the capitalist Western Bloc and communist Eastern Bloc, which lasted from 1947 unt ...
, where he served as a
lay pastor of a
Romani congregation.
Career in politics
After
Republic of Macedonia's independence, he became a member of the political party
VMRO-DPMNE
The Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization – Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity (), abbreviated as VMRO-DPMNE (), is a conservative and the main centre-right to right-wing political party in North Macedonia.
It was establ ...
in 1992. He led its foreign relations commission for six years, as well as serving as the Chief of Staff of the Mayor of
Kisela Voda from 1997 to 1998. Trajkovski became the deputy foreign minister following VMRO-DPMNE's victory in the
1998 elections.
He supported
NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO ; , OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental organization, intergovernmental Transnationalism, transnational military alliance of 32 Member states of NATO, member s ...
's deployment in the country before and during the
Kosovo War, for which he was subject to criticism by the left-wing opposition.
As a moderate member of the party, Trajkovski was selected as VMRO-DPMNE's candidate for president in the
1999 election held to replace the outgoing president,
Kiro Gligorov.
The leaders of the
Democratic Party of Albanians, which was in a coalition with VMRO-DPMNE, encouraged their supporters to vote for Trajkovski.
In the presidential election, there were irregularities, so there was a partial re-run in December and Trajkovski managed to win 96 per cent of the vote.
OSCE's observers expressed "serious concerns" about the result, while domestic opposition politicians accused Trajkovski of unfairly mobilising groups of ethnic Albanians to vote multiple times and intimidate opposition supporters.
The Albanian vote was crucial for his victory, although inflated and suffering from irregularities, due to Albanians being alienated by
Tito Petkovski's anti-Albanian platform.
On 15 December 1999, Trajkovski was
inaugurated as
president of the Republic of Macedonia.
Trajkovski's tenure was marked by tensions between
ethnic Macedonians and the republic's large
ethnic Albanian minority. The aftermath of the Kosovo War led to months of
conflict in 2001 between Macedonian security forces and ethnic Albanian rebels,
During the conflict,
protests occurred due to the
Macedonian assault on
Aračinovo
Aračinovo ( , ) is a village and seat of the Municipalities of North Macedonia, municipality of Aračinovo Municipality, Aračinovo, North Macedonia.
History
During the 2001 Macedonia conflict, it was occupied by ethnic Albanian insurgents.
De ...
being halted, the evacuation of around 500
Nаtional Liberation Army insurgents,
and the involvement of the
international community
The international community is a term used in geopolitics and international relations to refer to a broad group of people and governments of the world.
Usage
Aside from its use as a general descriptor, the term is typically used to imply the ...
.
Protesters broke into the parliament building and demanded to talk to him, shouting "treason" and "resignation."
["Полицајци и граѓани гневни од "предавството во Арачиново" протестираа пред Парламентот". Дневник](_blank)
Although his powers were limited and his role largely ceremonial, he presided over the
NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO ; , OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental organization, intergovernmental Transnationalism, transnational military alliance of 32 Member states of NATO, member s ...
-brokered
Ohrid Framework Agreement (OFA) in 2001 that ended the violence and prevented a full-blown civil war in the Republic of Macedonia.
He was also a signatory of OFA.
Trajkovski was credited with improving the country's intra-ethnic relations.
He supported OFA and Macedonia's integration into NATO and the
European Union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational union, supranational political union, political and economic union of Member state of the European Union, member states that are Geography of the European Union, located primarily in Europe. The u ...
(EU).
During his tenure, the country also rose to a score of nine out of ten in the Polity IV democracy index since 2002, while also achieving the status of a
electoral democracy in the same year, per a
V-Dem democracy index.
In 2002, he was made an honorary Knight Grand Cross of the
Order of St Michael and St George
The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George is a British order of chivalry founded on 28 April 1818 by George, Prince of Wales (the future King George IV), while he was acting as prince regent for his father, King George III ...
by
Queen Elizabeth II
Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 19268 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II, her death in 2022. ...
. In the same year, Trajkovski was awarded the
World Methodist Peace Award by the
World Methodist Council
The World Methodist Council (WMC), founded in 1881, is a consultative body that represents churches within Methodism and facilitates cooperation among its member denominations. It comprises 80 denominations in 138 countries which together repres ...
for his role in promoting peace and political stability.
In his last act as president, he signed Macedonia's application for EU membership.
Death
Trajkovski died on 26 February 2004 in a plane crash en route to an economic conference in
Mostar
Mostar () is a city and the administrative centre of Herzegovina-Neretva Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the historical capital of Herzegovina.
Mostar is situated on the Neretva Riv ...
,
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina, sometimes known as Bosnia-Herzegovina and informally as Bosnia, is a country in Southeast Europe. Situated on the Balkans, Balkan Peninsula, it borders Serbia to the east, Montenegro to the southeast, and Croatia to th ...
.
On the same day, he had also sent a delegation to Ireland to submit Macedonia's application for EU membership.
The aircraft crashed in thick fog and heavy rain on a mountainside in southeastern
Herzegovina
Herzegovina ( or ; sh-Latn-Cyrl, Hercegovina, separator=" / ", Херцеговина, ) is the southern and smaller of two main geographical Regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina, regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the other being Bosnia (reg ...
, near the villages of Poplat and Vrsnik south-south-east of Mostar. He is the only Macedonian president to die in office. Eight other people were also aboard but none survived the impact.
His fate was unknown for two days because Bosnian rescue teams and NATO peacekeepers struggled to breach through uncleared minefields to reach the area where his aircraft crashed.
The path to the wreckage was cleared by explosive experts. All of the corpses of the deceased, including Trajkovski, were found and sent to a morgue.
His body was transferred from
Sarajevo
Sarajevo ( ), ; ''see Names of European cities in different languages (Q–T)#S, names in other languages'' is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 2 ...
to Skopje on 3 March.
After his death, there was a state funeral in the Alley of the Great at the Butel cemetery in Skopje on 5 March in his honour. International leaders and officials, including presidents and prime ministers from around 50 countries, as well as 200,000 Macedonians, attended the funeral, while tributes were paid by
UN Secretary-General
The secretary-general of the United Nations (UNSG or UNSECGEN) is the chief administrative officer of the United Nations and head of the United Nations Secretariat, one of the United Nations System#Six principal organs, six principal organs of ...
Kofi Annan
Kofi Atta Annan (8 April 193818 August 2018) was a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh secretary-general of the United Nations from 1997 to 2006. Annan and the UN were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize. He was the founder a ...
and
Pope John Paul II
Pope John Paul II (born Karol Józef Wojtyła; 18 May 19202 April 2005) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 16 October 1978 until Death and funeral of Pope John Paul II, his death in 2005.
In his you ...
.
On his gravestone in Strumica is the verse
Matthew 5:9 from the Bible which states: ''"Blessed are the peacemakers for they shall be called the sons of God."'' Flags were lowered at half-staff and Macedonia held three days of mourning.
Branko Crvenkovski from
SDSM succeeded him as president.
Trajkovski was married, having a son and a daughter.
A foundation bearing his name was created after his death,
which was founded by his wife, Vilma Trajkovska.
Despite the confirmation by a joint Bosnian-Macedonian team that the cause of his death was an accident, mostly due to mistakes by the flight crew, speculations arose about the cause of his death. Macedonian authorities initiated a new investigation in 2013. A regional investigation conducted in December 2014 by people from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia and Serbia re-confirmed that the cause of death was an accident, attributed to pilot errors, technical problems and procedural mistakes.
The chief investigator said the aircraft had non-functioning low-altitude alarm, black box and location beacon. The
autopilot
An autopilot is a system used to control the path of a vehicle without requiring constant manual control by a human operator. Autopilots do not replace human operators. Instead, the autopilot assists the operator's control of the vehicle, allow ...
function also had been turned off, which might have saved the aircraft. The flight crew did not have proper training, failing to check the
weather forecast before
takeoff
Takeoff is the phase of flight in which an aerospace vehicle leaves the ground and becomes airborne. For aircraft traveling vertically, this is known as liftoff.
For aircraft that take off horizontally, this usually involves starting with a tr ...
, while the
co-pilot ignored warnings from
air traffic control
Air traffic control (ATC) is a service provided by ground-based air traffic controllers who direct aircraft on the ground and through a given section of controlled airspace, and can provide advisory services to aircraft in non-controlled air ...
to head for another airport due to the bad weather over Mostar and decreased
altitude
Altitude is a distance measurement, usually in the vertical or "up" direction, between a reference datum (geodesy), datum and a point or object. The exact definition and reference datum varies according to the context (e.g., aviation, geometr ...
instead.
Awards and recognitions
* Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary-Grand Cross with chain
* Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the
Republic of Poland
*

Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St. Michael and St. George
* World Methodist Council - Peace Award for 2002
References
External links
Official website of the President of MacedoniaThe Boris Trajkovski International FoundationThe Evangelical Methodist Church of MacedoniaLey Hill Methodist Church website – see their History page
{{DEFAULTSORT:Trajkovski, Boris
1956 births
2004 deaths
People from Strumica Municipality
Presidents of North Macedonia
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 2004
State leaders killed in aviation accidents or incidents
Methodist ministers
Macedonian Methodists
VMRO-DPMNE politicians
Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje alumni
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George