Astra Digital Radio (ADR) was a system used by SES for

digital radio Digital radio is the use of digital technology to transmit or receive across the radio spectrum. Digital transmission by radio waves includes digital broadcasting, and especially digital audio radio services. This should not be confused with In ...

transmissions on the early Astra satellites, using the audio subcarrier frequencies of analogue television channels. It was introduced in 1995. As of February 2008, there were still 51 stations transmitting in this format. ADR ceased on 30 April 2012 when analogue broadcasts on Astra 19.2°E ended.

Details

The format used one mono audio subcarrier, which was normally allocated to an additional audio track or radio station, or one channel of a stereo audio track/station. The carrier was digitally modulated and carried a 192 kbit/s, 48 kHz sampled

MPEG-1 Layer II MP2 (formally MPEG-1 Audio Layer II or MPEG-2 Audio Layer II, sometimes incorrectly called Musicam) is a lossy data compression, lossy audio compression format. It is standardised as one of the three audio codecs of MPEG-1 alongside MPEG-1 Audio ...

(MP2) encoded signal. 9.6 kbit/s was available for data. Special receivers were required to listen to ADR stations, although some combined analogue/digital satellite boxes and later standard analogue boxes were equipped to decode it. ADR was succeeded by

DVB-S Digital Video Broadcasting – Satellite (DVB-S) is the original DVB standard for satellite television and dates from 1995, in its first release, while development lasted from 1993 to 1997. The first commercial applications were by Canal+ in ...

, with which it is incompatible, despite both being transmitted using MP2 and generally at the same bitrates. As a result, when the final analogue switch-off on the Astra 1 satellites occurred, ADR became obsolete. The majority of the channels to have been broadcast using ADR were in the

German language German (, ) is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, mainly spoken in Western Europe, Western and Central Europe. It is the majority and Official language, official (or co-official) language in Germany, Austria, Switze ...

. Because of this, the system can in a way be seen to have replaced the German ''Digitales Satellitenradio'' system, dating from the 1980s, which used an entire satellite transponder to carry 16

NICAM Near Instantaneous Companded Audio Multiplex (NICAM) is an early form of lossy compression for digital audio. It was originally developed in the early 1970s for point-to-point links within broadcasting networks.Croll, M.G., Osborne, D.W. and Spi ...

Patent DE4234015A1 explicitly mentions DSR as an example for NICAM audio encoded radio stations, and which closed in 1999.

Channel Listing

* DLF * DKultur *

Deutsche Welle (; "German Wave"), commonly shortened to DW (), is a German state-funded television network, state-owned international broadcaster funded by the Federal Government of Germany. The service is available in 32 languages. DW's satellite tele ...

Bayerischer Rundfunk (; "Bavarian Broadcasting"), shortened to BR (), is a public broadcasting, public-service radio and television broadcaster, based in Munich, capital city of the Bavaria, Free State of Bavaria in Germany. BR is a member organization of the ARD (b ...

** Bayern 1 ** Bayern 2 ** Bayern 3 ** BR Klassik ** B5 plus *

Hessischer Rundfunk (; "Hesse Broadcasting"), shortened to HR (; stylized as hr), is the German state of Hesse's public broadcasting corporation. Headquartered in Frankfurt, it is a member of the national consortium of German public broadcasting corporations, A ...

** You FM ** hr1 ** hr2 ** hr3 ** hr4 ** hr-info ** hr1 plus ** Hr-klassik *

Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk (; "Central German Broadcasting"), shortened to MDR (; stylized as mdr), is the public broadcaster for the federal states of Thuringia, Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt in Germany. Established in January 1991, its headquarters are in Leipzig, wi ...

** MDR Figaro ** MDR Info ** MDR Jump ** MDR Sputnik *

Norddeutscher Rundfunk (; "North German Broadcasting"), commonly shortened to NDR (), is a public broadcasting, public radio and television broadcaster, based in Hamburg. In addition to the city-state of Hamburg, NDR broadcasts for the German states of Lower Saxony, ...

**N-Joy ** NDR 2 ** NDR Info ** NDR Info Spezial ** NDR Kultur *

Südwestrundfunk (; ), shortened to SWR (), is a regional public broadcasting corporation serving the southwest of Germany, specifically the federal states of Baden-Württemberg and Rhineland-Palatinate. The corporation has main offices in three cities: Stuttg ...

**DASDING **SWR1 BW **SWR1 RP **SWR2 BW **SWR2 RP **SWR3 **SWR Cont.Ra **SWR4 BW **SWR4 RP *

Westdeutscher Rundfunk (; "West German Broadcasting Cologne"), shortened to WDR (), is a German public broadcasting, public-broadcasting institution based in the States of Germany, Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia with its main office in Cologne. WDR is a const ...

** COSMO (German radio station) ** WDR 2 ** WDR 3 ** WDR 4 ** WDR 5 ** 1LIVE ** KIRAKA **

VeRa Vera may refer to: Names *Vera (surname), a surname (including a list of people with the name) * Vera (given name), a given name (including a list of people and fictional characters with the name) **Vera (), archbishop of the archdiocese of Tarr ...

* Radio BOB *

Radio Bremen Radio Bremen (), shortened to RB () is Germany's smallest Public broadcasting, public radio and television broadcaster and the legally mandated broadcaster for the city-state Bremen (state), Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (which includes Bremerha ...

Bremen Eins Bremen Eins is a German, public radio station owned and operated by the Radio Bremen (RB). It launched on 23 April 2001, succeeding Hansawelle and Radio Bremen Melodie. The station is aimed at an audience aged 45 and above. It broadcasts an ad ...

Bremen Zwei Bremen Zwei is a German public radio station owned and operated by Radio Bremen (RB). It broadcasts a culture and information-based format with a wide music selection, similar to Bayern 2. Unlike other ARD cultural stations, it does not air c ...

Bremen Vier Bremen Vier (English: Bremen Four) is a radio station from Radio Bremen for the city of Bremen and Bremerhaven in the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen. It broadcasts a hot adult contemporary format dominated by pop music and has been operating s ...

Saarländischer Rundfunk (; "Saarland Broadcasting"), shortened to SR (), is a public broadcasting, public radio and television broadcaster serving the German States of Germany, state of Saarland. With headquarters in the Halberg Broadcasting House in Saarbrücken, SR i ...

** SR 1 Europawelle *

Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg (; "Berlin-Brandenburg Broadcasting"), commonly shortened to RBB (; stylized as rbb), is an institution under public law (national broadcaster) for the Germany, German states of Berlin and Brandenburg, based in Berlin and Potsdam. RBB was estab ...

** Antenne Brandenburg ** radioBERLIN 88,8 ** Inforadio ** Kulturradio ** Fritz ** radioeins *

Swiss Broadcasting Corporation The Swiss Broadcasting Corporation (; ; ; ; SRG SSR) is the Swiss public broadcasting association, founded in 1931, the holding company of 24 radio and television channels. Headquartered in Bern, the Swiss Broadcasting Corporation is a non-pro ...

Radio SRF 1 Radio SRF 1 is a Swiss radio channel, one of six operated by Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen (SRF), with its headquarters in Zürich. It was launched in 1931 as Radio Beromünster (named after the Beromünster municipality on which its origina ...

Radio SRF 2 Kultur Radio SRF 2 Kultur is one of six radio channels operated by Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen (SRF), the German-language division of the Swiss public-broadcasting organisation SRG SSR. First started in 1956 (at the same time as the introduction of ...

** Radio SRF Musikwelle ** Radio SRF Virus **

La Première (Switzerland) La 1re, La 1ère or La Première (French, ' The First') may refer to: * La Première (Belgium), a French-language radio channel in Belgium * La Première (RTI), a terrestrial TV channel in Côte d'Ivoire * La Première (French TV network), opera ...

** Option Musique ** Couleur 3 ** RSI Rete Uno ** Radiotelevisiun Svizra Rumantscha

References

External links

SES
- Official SES site
SES fleet information

Astra Digital Radio on the early Astra satellites
{{Satcomm SES (company) Digital radio Satellite radio Telecommunications-related introductions in 1995 Audiovisual introductions in 1995 1995 establishments in Germany 1995 establishments in Luxembourg Products and services discontinued in 2012 2012 disestablishments in Germany 2012 disestablishments in Luxembourg