Astra Digital Radio (ADR) was a system used by

SES SES, S.E.S., Ses and similar variants can refere to: Business and economics * Socioeconomic status * Scottish Economic Society, a learned society in Scotland * SES, callsign of the TV station SES/RTS (Mount Gambier, South Australia) * SES S.A ...

for

digital radio Digital radio is the use of digital technology to transmit or receive across the radio spectrum. Digital transmission by radio waves includes digital broadcasting, and especially digital audio radio services. Types In digital broadcasting sy ...

transmissions on the early

Astra Astra may refer to: People * Astra (name) Places * Astra, Chubut, a village in Argentina * Astra (Isauria), a town of ancient Isauria, now in Turkey * Astra, one suggested name for a hypothetical fifth planet that became the asteroid belt Ent ...

satellites, using the audio subcarrier frequencies of analogue television channels. It was introduced in 1995. As of February 2008, there were still 51 stations transmitting in this format. ADR ceased on 30 April 2012 when analogue broadcasts on Astra 19.2°E ended.

Details

The format used one mono audio subcarrier, which was normally allocated to an additional audio track or radio station, or one channel of a stereo audio track/station. The carrier was digitally modulated and carried a 192 kbit/s, 48 kHz sampled

MPEG-1 Layer II MPEG-1 Audio Layer II or MPEG-2 Audio Layer II (MP2, sometimes incorrectly called Musicam or MUSICAM) is a lossy audio compression format defined by ISO/IEC 11172-3 alongside MPEG-1 Audio Layer I and MPEG-1 Audio Layer III (MP3). While MP3 i ...

(MP2) encoded signal. 9.6 kbit/s was available for data. Special receivers were required to listen to ADR stations, although some combined analogue/digital satellite boxes and later standard analogue boxes were equipped to decode it. ADR was succeeded by DVB-S, with which it is incompatible, despite both being transmitted using MP2 and generally at the same bitrates. As a result, when the final analogue switch-off on the Astra 1 satellites occurred, ADR became obsolete. The majority of the channels to have been broadcast using ADR were in the

German language German ( ) is a West Germanic language mainly spoken in Central Europe. It is the most widely spoken and official or co-official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and the Italian province of South Tyrol. It is als ...

. Because of this, the system can in a way be seen to have replaced the German ''Digitales Satellitenradio'' system, dating from the 1980s, which used an entire satellite transponder to carry 16

NICAM Near Instantaneous Companded Audio Multiplex (NICAM) is an early form of lossy compression for digital audio. It was originally developed in the early 1970s for point-to-point links within broadcasting networks.Croll, M.G., Osborne, D.W. and Sp ...

Patent DE4234015A1 explicitly mentions DSR as an example for NICAM audio encoded radio stations, and which closed in 1999.

Channel Listing

* DLF * DKultur * Deutsche Welle *

Bayerischer Rundfunk Bayerischer Rundfunk (BR; "Bavarian Broadcasting") is a public-service radio and television broadcaster, based in Munich, capital city of the Free State of Bavaria in Germany. BR is a member organization of the ARD consortium of public broadca ...

** Bayern 1 ** Bayern 2 ** Bayern 3 **

BR Klassik BR Klassik is a Munich-based public radio station and classical record label owned and operated by Bayerischer Rundfunk. References Radio stations in Germany Radio stations established in 1980 1980 establishments in West Germany Mass ...

** B5 plus *

Hessischer Rundfunk Hessischer Rundfunk (HR; "Hesse Broadcasting") is the German state of Hesse's public broadcasting corporation. Headquartered in Frankfurt, it is a member of the national consortium of German public broadcasting corporations, ARD. Studios Do ...

** You FM **

hr1 hr1 is the first radio station of the Hessischer Rundfunk. History hr1 is the successor of ''Radio Frankfurt'', a radio program run by the American occupation government after World War II. After a formal law was issued, the radio station w ...

hr2 hr2-kultur is a German, public radio station owned and operated by the Hessischer Rundfunk (HR). References Radio stations in Germany Radio stations established in 1950 1950 establishments in West Germany Mass media in Frankfurt Hessis ...

hr3 hr3 is a German, public radio station owned and operated by the Hessischer Rundfunk (HR). References Radio stations in Germany Radio stations established in 1972 1972 establishments in West Germany Mass media in Frankfurt Hessischer R ...

hr4 hr4 is a German, public radio station owned and operated by the Hessischer Rundfunk (HR). References

Radio stations in Germany Radio stations established in 1986 1986 establishments in West Germany Mass media in Kassel Hessischer Rundfun ...

** hr-info ** hr1 plus **

Hr-klassik Hessischer Rundfunk (HR; "Hesse Broadcasting") is the German state of Hesse's public broadcasting corporation. Headquartered in Frankfurt, it is a member of the national consortium of German public broadcasting corporations, ARD. Studios Do ...

Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk (MDR; ''Central German Broadcasting'') is the public broadcaster for the federal states of Thuringia, Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt in Germany. Established in January 1991, its headquarters are in Leipzig, with regional stud ...

MDR Figaro MDR Kultur is a German public radio station owned and operated by Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk (MDR; ''Central German Broadcasting'') is the public broadcaster for the federal states of Thuringia, Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt in ...

** MDR Info ** MDR Jump ** MDR Sputnik *

Norddeutscher Rundfunk Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR; ''Northern German Broadcasting'') is a public broadcasting, public radio and television broadcaster, based in Hamburg. In addition to the city-state of Hamburg, NDR broadcasts for the German states of Lower Saxony, M ...

**N-Joy **

NDR 2 Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR; ''Northern German Broadcasting'') is a public radio and television broadcaster, based in Hamburg. In addition to the city-state of Hamburg, NDR broadcasts for the German states of Lower Saxony, Mecklenburg-Vorpommer ...

** NDR Info ** NDR Info Spezial **

NDR Kultur Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR; ''Northern German Broadcasting'') is a public radio and television broadcaster, based in Hamburg. In addition to the city-state of Hamburg, NDR broadcasts for the German states of Lower Saxony, Mecklenburg-Vorpom ...

Südwestrundfunk Südwestrundfunk (SWR; ''Southwest Broadcasting'') is a regional public broadcasting corporation serving the southwest of Germany , specifically the federal states of Baden-Württemberg and Rhineland-Palatinate. The corporation has main offices ...

**DASDING **SWR1 BW **SWR1 RP **SWR2 BW **SWR2 RP **SWR3 **SWR Cont.Ra **SWR4 BW **SWR4 RP *

Westdeutscher Rundfunk Westdeutscher Rundfunk Köln (''West German Broadcasting Cologne''; WDR, ) is a German public-broadcasting institution based in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia with its main office in Cologne. WDR is a constituent member of the con ...

COSMO (German radio station) COSMO is a German, public radio station owned and operated by the Westdeutscher Rundfunk (WDR), Radio Bremen (RB) and Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg (; "Berlin-Brandenburg Broadcasting"; abbreviated: RBB , stylized ...

** WDR 2 **

WDR 3 WDR 3 is a German public radio station owned and operated by the Westdeutscher Rundfunk (WDR). References Radio stations in Germany Radio stations established in 1964 1964 establishments in West Germany Mass media in Cologne Westdeutsch ...

** WDR 4 ** WDR 5 **

1LIVE 1LIVE is a radio station operated by the Westdeutscher Rundfunk public broadcasting corporation in Germany. It specialises in popular music aimed at the 14–39 age demographic, the average age of its listeners is 34. History On 1 April 1995 ...

** KIRAKA ** VeRa *

Radio BOB Radio is the technology of signaling and communicating using radio waves. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves of frequency between 30 hertz (Hz) and 300 gigahertz (GHz). They are generated by an electronic device called a transmi ...

Radio Bremen Radio Bremen (RB), Germany's smallest public radio and television broadcaster, is the legally mandated broadcaster for the city-state Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (which includes Bremerhaven). With its headquarters sited in Bremen, Radio B ...

Bremen Eins Bremen Eins is a German, public radio station owned and operated by the Radio Bremen Radio Bremen (RB), Germany's smallest public radio and television broadcaster, is the legally mandated broadcaster for the city-state Free Hanseatic City ...

Bremen Zwei Bremen Zwei is a German, public radio station owned and operated by the Radio Bremen (RB). References Radio Bremen Radio stations in Germany Radio stations established in 2017 2017 establishments in Germany Mass media in Bremen (cit ...

Bremen Vier Bremen (Low German also: ''Breem'' or ''Bräm''), officially the City Municipality of Bremen (german: Stadtgemeinde Bremen, ), is the capital of the German state Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (''Freie Hansestadt Bremen''), a two-city-state cons ...

Saarländischer Rundfunk Saarländischer Rundfunk (SR; ''Saarland Broadcasting'') is a public radio and television broadcaster serving the German state of Saarland. With headquarters in the Halberg Broadcasting House in Saarbrücken, SR is a member of the ARD consort ...

** SR 1 Europawelle *

Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg (; "Berlin-Brandenburg Broadcasting"; abbreviated: RBB , stylized as rbb) is an institution under public law (national broadcaster) for the German states of Berlin and Brandenburg, based in Berlin and Potsdam. RBB ...

** Antenne Brandenburg ** radioBERLIN 88,8 ** Inforadio ** Kulturradio ** Fritz ** radioeins *

Swiss Broadcasting Corporation The Swiss Broadcasting Corporation (german: Schweizerische Radio- und Fernsehgesellschaft; french: Société suisse de radiodiffusion et télévision; it, Società svizzera di radiotelevisione; rm, Societad Svizra da Radio e Televisiun; SRG ...

** Radio SRF 1 ** Radio SRF 2 Kultur ** Radio SRF Musikwelle ** Radio SRF Virus ** La Première (Switzerland) ** Option Musique ** Couleur 3 ** RSI Rete Uno ** Radiotelevisiun Svizra Rumantscha

References

External links

SES
- Official SES site
SES fleet information

Astra Digital Radio on the early Astra satellites
{{Satcomm SES S.A. Digital radio Satellite radio Telecommunications-related introductions in 1995 Audiovisual introductions in 1995 1995 establishments in Germany 1995 establishments in Luxembourg Products and services discontinued in 2012 2012 disestablishments in Germany 2012 disestablishments in Luxembourg