Assistens Cemetery ( Danish: Assistens Kirkegård) in

Copenhagen Copenhagen ( or .; da, København ) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark, with a proper population of around 815.000 in the last quarter of 2022; and some 1.370,000 in the urban area; and the wider Copenhagen metropolitan ar ...

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, is the burial site of many Danish notables as well as an important greenspace in the

Nørrebro Nørrebro (, ) is one of the 10 official districts of Copenhagen, Denmark. It is northwest of the city centre, beyond the location of the old Northern Gate (''Nørreport''), which, until dismantled in 1856, was near the current Nørreport station ...

district. Inaugurated in 1760, it was originally a burial site for the poor laid out to relieve the crowded graveyards inside the walled city, but during the Golden Age in the first half of the 19th century it became fashionable and many leading figures of the epoch, such as

Hans Christian Andersen Hans Christian Andersen ( , ; 2 April 1805 – 4 August 1875) was a Danish author. Although a prolific writer of plays, travelogues, novels, and poems, he is best remembered for his literary fairy tales. Andersen's fairy tales, consisti ...

Søren Kierkegaard Søren Aabye Kierkegaard ( , , ; 5 May 1813 – 11 November 1855) was a Danish theologian, philosopher, poet, social critic, and religious author who is widely considered to be the first Existentialism, existentialist philosopher. He wrote cr ...

, Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg, and Christen Købke are all buried here. Late in the 19th century, as Assistens Cemetery had itself become crowded, a number of new cemeteries were established around Copenhagen, including

Vestre Cemetery Vestre Cemetery ( da, Vestre Kirkegård, meaning "Western Cemetery") is located in a large park setting in the Kongens Enghave district of Copenhagen, Denmark. With its 54 hectares it is the largest cemetery in Denmark. The cemetery is land ...

, but through the 20th century, it continued to attract notable people. Among the latter are the

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-winning physicist Niels Bohr and a number of American jazz musicians who settled in Copenhagen during the 1950s and 1960s, including Ben Webster and Kenny Drew. An ''assistenskirkegård'' (meaning "assistance cemetery") is originally a generic term in Danish, used to refer to cemeteries which were laid out to assist existing burial sites, usually those located in urban settings in connection with churches, and therefore a number of cemeteries by the same name are found around Denmark. The cemetery is one of five run by Copenhagen Municipality; the other cemeteries are

Brønshøj Cemetery Brønshøj, part of the municipality of Copenhagen, forms, together with Husum, the administrative city district (''bydel'') of Brønshøj-Husum, in Denmark. History The first mention of the village Brønshøj (Brunshoga), is in a letter date ...

Sundby Cemetery Sundby may refer to: __NOTOC__ Places Denmark * Sundby, Copenhagen, a district in Copenhagen * Sundby, Lolland, a satellite town of Nykøbing Falster on Lolland * Nørresundby, a town on North Jutlandic Island Sweden * Sundby, Sweden, a locality ...

, and Bispebjerg Cemetery.

History

Background

In Medieval times intramural interment was the rule although outdoor graveyards gradually became more common. In 1666 the

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Holmen Cemetery Holmen Cemetery (Danish: Holmens Kirkegård) is the oldest cemetery still in use in Copenhagen, Denmark. It was first located next to the naval Church of Holmen in the city centre but relocated to its current site on Dag Hammarskjölds Allé in th ...

was moved from its original location at Holmen Church to a site outside the

Eastern City Gate Eastern City Gate of Belgrade оr Istočna Kapija Beograda ( sr, Источна Капија Београда) is a complex of three large residential buildings situated near the E-75 motorway in Belgrade, the capital of Serbia, and is among the ...

as the first burial facility to be located outside the city. An outbreak of plague in 1711 which killed an estimated 23,000 citizens put the existing burial sites under so much pressure that up to five coffins were sometimes buried on top of each other. This led to the establishment of five new cemeteries on the periphery of the city, but just inside the city walls, while the military Garrison Cemetery was relocated to a site next to that of Holmen Cemetery.

Establishment of the new cemetery

In the 1750s the situation deteriorated even further and in a letter of 2 May 1757 the City Council proposed to the Chancellery that a large new cemetery be built for the city's parishes outside the city walls. After some negotiations it was decided to place it outside the Northern City Gate and on 26 May 1757 the new facility was founded by Royal charter. The new cemetery was inaugurated on 6 November 1760. It was enclosed by a wall built by

Philip de Lange Philip de Lange (c. 1705 – 17 September 1766) was a leading Dutch-Danish architect who designed many different types of building in various styles including Dutch Baroque and Rococo. Early life and family Philip de Lange was probably bor ...

. Originally the cemetery was intended as a burial ground for paupers. In 1785 an affluent citizen, astronomic writer and First Secretary of the War Chancellery

Johan Samuel Augustin Johan Samuel Augustin (March 31, 1715April 26, 1785) was a German-Danish astronomical writer and civil servant. Life Johan Samuel Augustin was born in Oldenswort in Eiderstedt to an old Frisian family. When he was 2 years old his father, John. ...

, made specific requests to be interred at the cemetery, in his codicil stating that "''Mein Begräbnis soll auf dem Armen-Kirchhofe vor dem Norderthor seyn, wesfalls ich sehon mit Mr. Simon, der dort Gräber ist, gesprochen habe''". He was soon followed by other leading figures from the elite and the cemetery soon developed into the most fashionable burial ground of the city.

A popular excursion spot

Around that time, excursions to the cemetery with picnic baskets and tea became a popular activity among common citizens of Copenhagen. In his account of a visit to Copenhagen in 1827, the

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poet Karl August Nicander fondly remembers Assistens Cemetery: The excursions sometimes evolved into rowdy gatherings and legislation was passed to prevent this. A commission established in 1805 issued instructions which prohibited the consumption of food or drink as well as music or any other kind of cheerful behaviour in the cemetery. The gravediggers, who lived on the premises, were to enforce these restrictions but they seem to have taken their duties lightly. Legislation from 1813 prohibited them to sell alcohol to visitors to the cemetery. Despite all these efforts, the desired peace and quiet was a long time in coming. For particularly grand funerals, crowds of spectators would gather, and people would festoon the cemetery walls to get a better view. To reduce numbers of visitors, there was talk of introducing admission fees, but this was never carried out.

Assistens Cemetery today

The cemetery is still serving its original purpose as a burial ground but is also a popular

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, as well as the largest and most important green space in the inner part of the Nørrebro district. It is divided into sections. The oldest part is Section A and features the graves of

and the painter Christen Købke among others. Section D is dedicated to religious minorities, containing

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and

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graves as well as

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n graves. Section E is the section which originally served under

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Herman Stilling Museum

In 2003 an old horse stable in a corner of Assistens Cemetery was converted into a small museum dedicated to writer and artist Herman Stilling, a native to the Nørrebro area and mainly known for painting trolls. Apart from the permanent exhibition, the museum also contains an exhibition space for special exhibitions, a picture workshop for children and young people, and a café.

Notable interments

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* Christian Aigens *

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* Sophie Alberti *

(buried at the Collin family grave, but the stone was moved to another graveyard in 1914, Frederiksberg Ældre Kirkegård) * Carl Christoffer Georg Andræ *

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* Dorte-Maria Bjarnov * Claes Birch *

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* Bonaparte Borgen *

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* Emil Bähncke *

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* Christoph Cloëtta * Christian Colbiørnsen *

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* Ferdinand Didrichsen *

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Otto Steen Due Otto is a masculine German given name and a surname. It originates as an Old High German short form (variants ''Audo'', ''Odo'', '' Udo'') of Germanic names beginning in ''aud-'', an element meaning "wealth, prosperity". The name is recorded ...

* William Frederik Duntzfelt *

C.W. Eckersberg Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg (2 January 1783 – 22 July 1853) was a Danish painter. He was born in Blåkrog in the Southern Jutland region of Denmark. He went on to lay the foundation for the period of art known as the Golden Age of Dan ...

* Erling Eckersberg *

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* Johannes Erwig *

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* Peter Didrik Weinreich Fischer * Johan Georg Forchhammer * Hermann Ernst Freund *

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* Johannes Frederik Frølich * G. E. C. Gad * Ludvig Gade * Vincenzo Galeotti *

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* Søren Gyldendal *

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* Inger-Lise Gaarde *

P. C. Hagemann P. is an abbreviation or acronym that may refer to: * Page (paper), where the abbreviation comes from Latin ''pagina'' * Paris Herbarium, at the '' Muséum national d'histoire naturelle'' * ''Pani'' (Polish), translating as Mrs. * The '' Pacific ...

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Poul Hanmann Poul is a Danish masculine given name. It is the Danish cognate of the name Paul. Poul may refer to: People * Poul Andersen (1922–2006), Danish printer *Poul Anderson (1926–2001), American writer *Poul Erik Andreasen (born 1949), Danish foot ...

* Christian Hansen * Dagmar Hansen *

Frantz Johannes Hansen Frantz Johannes Hansen (4 September 1810 in Copenhagen – 14 March 1852) was a Danish author and was also an amateur musician. He is buried at Assistens Cemetery in Copenhagen. Life Frantz Johannes Hansen showed poetic talents at an early a ...

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Rudolph Hansen Rudolph or Rudolf may refer to: People * Rudolph (name), the given name including a list of people with the name Religious figures * Rudolf of Fulda (died 865), 9th century monk, writer and theologian * Rudolf von Habsburg-Lothringen (1788� ...

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* C. F. Harsdorff *

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* Anker Heegaard *

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* Betty Hennings *

Henrik Hennings Henrik is a male given name of Germanic origin, primarily used in Scandinavia, Estonia, Hungary and Slovenia. In Poland, the name is spelt Henryk but pronounced similarly. Equivalents in other languages are Henry (English), Heiki (Estonian), Heik ...

Christian Severin Henrichsen Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words '' Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρ ...

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* Johan Daniel Herholdt * Henrik Hertz *

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Georg Hilker Georg Hilker (5 June 1807 – 13 January 1875) was a Danish decorative painter active during the Danish Golden Age in the first half of the 19th century. He collaborated with painter Constantin Hansen (1804–1880). Early life and career Hi ...

* N. P. Hillebrandt *

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* Søren Hjorth * Holger-Madsen *

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Kenny Holst Kenny is a surname, a given name, and a diminutive of several different given names. In Ireland, the surname is an Anglicisation of the Irish ''Ó Cionnaith'', also spelt ''Ó Cionnaoith'' and ''Ó Cionaodha'', meaning "descendant of Cionnaith". ...

Niels Henrik Holst Niels is a male given name, equivalent to Nicholas, which is common in Denmark, Belgium, Norway (formerly) and the Netherlands. The Norwegian and Swedish variant is Nils. The name is a developed short form of Nicholas or Greek Nicolaos after Saint ...

Ferdinand Hoppe Ferdinand is a Germanic name composed of the elements "protection", "peace" (PIE "to love, to make peace") or alternatively "journey, travel", Proto-Germanic , abstract noun from root "to fare, travel" (PIE , "to lead, pass over"), and "co ...

* C. F. E. Horneman *

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Christian Hornemann Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words '' Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρ ...

* Emil Hornemann * Jens Wilken Hornemann * Frantz Gotthard Howitz *

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* Chresten Hørdum * Valdemar Ingemann * R.P. Ipsen *

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Palle Jacobsen Palle Jacobsen (3 December 1940 – 22 January 2009) was a Danish ballet dancer, choreographer and instructor with the Royal Danish Ballet and ballet master at the Pantomime Theatre in the Tivoli Gardens in Copenhagen.Birger Jensen * Frederik Jensen * Valdemar Jensen * Christian Magdalus Jespersen * Christian Magdalus Jespersen * Ejner Johansson * J.F. Johnstrup *

Henri Alexandre Antoine de Dompierre de Jonquières Henri is an Estonian, Finnish, French, German and Luxembourgish form of the masculine given name Henry (given name), Henry. People with this given name ; French noblemen :'' See the 'List_of_rulers_named_Henry#France, List of rulers named Henry ...

Jean André Frédéric de Dompierre de Jonquières Jean may refer to: People * Jean (female given name) * Jean (male given name) * Jean (surname) Fictional characters * Jean Grey, a Marvel Comics character * Jean Valjean, fictional character in novel ''Les Misérables'' and its adaptations * J ...

* Jens Juel * Finn Juhl * Pia Juul * Karen Jønsson * Ellen Jørgensen * Henriette Jørgensen * Eugen Jørgensen * Elisabeth Karlinsky * Asmus Kaufmann *

* August Klein * Charlotte Klein * Vilhelm Klein * P. Knudsen * Jørgen Hansen Koch * Thomas Koppel * Lars Andreas Kornerup * Bamse Kragh-Jacobsen * Johan Krohn * Niels Brock Krossing * Hans Ernst Krøyer * Henrik Nikolai Krøyer * Friedrich Kuhlau * Christen Købke * Julius Lange (art historian), Julius Lange * Florian Larsen * Johannes Ephraim Larsen * Jørgen Larsen (billedhugger), Jørgen Larsen * Jørn Larsen * Knud Larsen (maler), Knud Larsen * Edvard Lembcke * Frederik L. Levy * Martin Lindblom * Leo Lipschitz * Carl Lundbye * Bianco Luno * Poul de Løvenørn * Carl F. Madsen * Finn Ejnar Madsen * Oscar Madsen * Johan Nicolai Madvig * Finnur Magnússon * Peter Malberg * Sonja Ferlov Mancoba * Anne Marie Mangor, Anne Marie "madam" Mangor * Peter Mariager * Sophus Marstrand * Troels Marstrand (bagermester), Troels Marstrand * Wilhelm Marstrand * Hans Lassen Martensen * Anton Melbye (forfatter), Anton Melbye * Lauritz Melchior * Axel Meyer * Fritz Meyer (blikkenslager), Fritz Meyer * Adam Ludvig Moltke * Kate Mundt * Adam Müller * Jakob Peter Mynster * Alfred Møller * Axel Møller * Carl Møller (forfatter), Carl Møller * Julie Møller * Poul Martin Møller * Valdemar Møller * Franz Nachtegall * Niels Sigfred Nebelong * Niels Neergaard * Robert Neergaard * Martin Andersen Nexø * Ole Nezer * C.V. Nielsen, Christian V. Nielsen (no longer exists) * Henriette Nielsen * Lean Nielsen * Peter Nielsen (skuespiller), Peter Nielsen * Johan Nilsson i Skottlandshus, Johan Nilsson * Henrik S. Nissen * Rasmus Nyerup * Kim Nørrevig * Sigvald Olsen * Olga Ott * Carl Otto * Joseph Owen (businessman), Joseph Owen * Ulrich Peter Overby * Holger Simon Paulli * Andreas Paulsen * Gustav Pedersen * Vilhelm Pedersen * Anna Petersen * Knud Arne Petersen * Christian Ulrik Adolph Plesner * Johan Martin Quist * C.C. Rafn * Rasmus Rask * Lauritz Rasmussen * E. Rasmussen Eilersen * Louise Ravn-Hansen * C.E. Reich * Ebbe Kløvedal Reich * Carl Andreas Reitzel, C.A. Reitzel * Heinrich Anna Reventlow-Criminil * Amdi Riis * Johan Christian Riise * Svend Rindom * Frederik Rohde * Emmery Rondahl * C.N. Rosenkilde * J.F. Rosenstand * Carl Eduard Rotwitt * Natasja Saad * Emilie Sannom * Ragnhild Sannom * Jens August Schade * Virtus Schade * Anna Margrethe Schall * Claus Schall * Henrik Scharling * Hans Scherfig * Peter Schiønning * Gottfried Wilhelm Christian von Schmettau * Marinus Schneider * Peter von Scholten * Otto Schondel * Julius Schovelin (1821-1870), Julius Schovelin * Georg Ludvig von der Schulenburg * Frans Schwartz * Johan Adam Schwartz * Johan Georg Schwartz * Clara Schønfeld * Emmy Schønfeld * Giuseppe Siboni * Joakim Skovgaard * P.C. Skovgaard * Caspar Wilhelm Smith * Per Sonne (kustmaler), Per Sonne * Petrine Sonne * Andreas Schack Steenberg * Japetus Steenstrup * Johannes Steenstrup * Ernst Wilhelm Stibolt * Johanne Stockmarr * Edvard Storm * Michael Strunge * Holger Strøm * Theodor Stuckenberg * Viggo Stuckenberg * Christian Sørensen * Jazz-Kay Sørensen * Søren Sørensen (orientalist), Søren Sørensen * Theodor Sørensen (arkitekt), Theodor Sørensen * Thorvald Sørensen * C.A.F. Thomsen * Emma Thomsen * Magdalene Thoresen * Jens Jørgen Thorsen * Johan Clemens Tode * Vilhelm Topsøe * Dan Turèll * Vilhelm Tvede * August Tørsleff * Nils Ufer * Georg Ulmer * Georges Ulmer * Moritz Unna * Jens Vahl * Martin Vahl (1749-1804) * Martin Vahl (1869-1946) * Mogens Vantore * Frederik Vermehren * Martha Wærn (17411812). philanthropist * Morten Wærn * Gregers Wad * Eugen Warming * Jens Warming * Ben Webster * Carl Weitemeyer * Clemens Weller * Caspar Wessel * Edvard Westerberg * Johannes Wiedewelt * Christian Peder Wienberg * Anton Wilhelm Wiehe * Michael Wiehe * Carl Winsløw * William Christopher Zeise * Otto F. Zeltner * G.C. Zinck * H.O.C. Zinck * Josephine Zinck * Ludvig Zinck * Marie Zinck * Otto Zinck * Hans Christian Ørsted

References

External links

Assistens Cemetery's website (in Danish only)

Copenhagen's cemeteries main site (in Danish only)

Folder about Assistens Cemetery in English (PDF format)

Assistens Cemetery at Find A Grave

Chapel

CWGC: Odense (Assistens) Cemetery
{{coord, 55, 41, 28, N, 12, 32, 58, E, region:DK_type:landmark, display=title 1760 establishments in Denmark Cemeteries in Copenhagen Listed buildings and structures in Nørrebro Lutheran cemeteries Commonwealth War Graves Commission cemeteries in Denmark Burials at Assistens Cemetery (Copenhagen), *
Map with some locations