The following is a list of regions of Ancient Anatolia, also known as "

Asia Minor Anatolia (), also known as Asia Minor, is a peninsula in West Asia that makes up the majority of the land area of Turkey. It is the westernmost protrusion of Asia and is geographically bounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the south, the Aegean ...

." The names reflect changes to languages, settlements and polities from the

Bronze Age The Bronze Age () was a historical period characterised principally by the use of bronze tools and the development of complex urban societies, as well as the adoption of writing in some areas. The Bronze Age is the middle principal period of ...

to conquest by

Turkic peoples Turkic peoples are a collection of diverse ethnic groups of West Asia, West, Central Asia, Central, East Asia, East, and North Asia as well as parts of Europe, who speak Turkic languages.. "Turkic peoples, any of various peoples whose members ...

Bronze Age

Mid000017 Map 2011 09 Middle-Bronzse-Age-Anatolia

* Abbawiya * Adadura *

Adana Adana is a large city in southern Turkey. The city is situated on the Seyhan River, inland from the northeastern shores of the Mediterranean Sea. It is the administrative seat of the Adana Province, Adana province, and has a population of 1 81 ...

* Aḫḫulla * Alatra * Ankuwa * Apasa * Arawana *

Arzawa Arzawa was a region and political entity in Western Anatolia during the Late Bronze Age. In Hittite texts, the term is used to refer both to a particular kingdom and to a loose confederation of states. The chief Arzawan state, whose capital wa ...

* Arziya * Assuwa * Dadassas * Dunda * Dura * Durmitta * Durpina * Dalauwa * Dankuwa * Duruwaduruwa * Gargiya * Halluwa * Haballa * Harziuna * Hatti * Himmuwa * Hulaya River Land * Ḥuwallušiya * Iksunuwa * Istanuwa * Isuwa * Kalasma * Land of the Kaskians * Kassiya * Kispuwa * Kizzuwadna * Kuruppiya *

Kussara Kussara (''Kuššar'') was a Middle Bronze Age kingdom in Anatolia. The kingdom, though apparently important at one time, is mostly remembered today as the origin of the dynasty that would form the Old Hittite Kingdom. Location Kussara is occasion ...

* Kuwaliya * Lallupiya * Lawazantiya * Lazpa * Lower Land * Lukka * Land of Luwiya *

Masa ''Masa'' or ''masa de maíz'' (; ) is a dough made from ground nixtamalized maize. It is used for making corn tortillas, '' gorditas'', '' tamales'', '' pupusas'', and many other Latin American dishes. It is dried and powdered into a flour f ...

* Mīllawānda *

Mira Mira (), designation Omicron Ceti (ο Ceti, abbreviated Omicron Cet, ο Cet), is a red-giant star estimated to be 200–300 light-years from the Sun in the constellation Cetus. ο Ceti is a binary stellar system, consisting of a vari ...

* Mount Pahurina * Nenisankuwa * Neša * Palà * Parista * Pasuhalta * Pitassa * Purushanda * Sallusa * Saḫiriya *

Seha River Land The Seha River Land was a kingdom in Western Anatolia Anatolia (), also known as Asia Minor, is a peninsula in West Asia that makes up the majority of the land area of Turkey. It is the westernmost protrusion of Asia and is geographically ...

* Siyanda * Tarhuntassa * Tumanna * Tuwanuwa *

Troy Troy (/; ; ) or Ilion (; ) was an ancient city located in present-day Hisarlik, Turkey. It is best known as the setting for the Greek mythology, Greek myth of the Trojan War. The archaeological site is open to the public as a tourist destina ...

* Unaliya * Upper Land * Walma *

Wilusa Wilusa () or Wilusiya was a Late Bronze Age city in western Anatolia (modern-day Turkey) known from references in fragmentary Hittites, Hittite records. The city is notable for its identification with the archaeological site of Troy, and thus its ...

* Zallara * Zalpa * Zippasla

Iron Age

* Abydos * Artis * Assos * Claros * Colophon * Cyme * Erythrae * Gordion * Ḫilakku * Ḫiyawa * Kammanu * Kummuh * Larisa * Lyrnessus *

Maeonia Lydia (; ) was an Iron Age Monarchy, kingdom situated in western Anatolia, in modern-day Turkey. Later, it became an important province of the Achaemenid Empire and then the Roman Empire. Its capital was Sardis. At some point before 800 BC, ...

* Percote *

Pergamon Pergamon or Pergamum ( or ; ), also referred to by its modern Greek form Pergamos (), was a rich and powerful ancient Greece, ancient Greek city in Aeolis. It is located from the modern coastline of the Aegean Sea on a promontory on the north s ...

* Phocaea *

Phrygia In classical antiquity, Phrygia ( ; , ''Phrygía'') was a kingdom in the west-central part of Anatolia, in what is now Asian Turkey, centered on the Sangarios River. Stories of the heroic age of Greek mythology tell of several legendary Ph ...

* Samʾal * Tabal * Thebe * Zeleia

Classical

Asia Minor in the Greco-Roman period - general map - regions and main settlements

Aeolis Aeolis (; ), or Aeolia (; ), was an area that comprised the west and northwestern region of Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey), mostly along the coast, and also several offshore islands (particularly Lesbos), where the Aeolian Greek city-states w ...

(named after the Aeolian Greeks that colonized the region) **''

Lesbos Lesbos or Lesvos ( ) is a Greek island located in the northeastern Aegean Sea. It has an area of , with approximately of coastline, making it the third largest island in Greece and the List of islands in the Mediterranean#By area, eighth largest ...

'' *

Armenia Minor Lesser Armenia (; ; ), also known as Armenia Minor and Armenia Inferior, comprised the Armenian-populated regions primarily to the west and northwest of the ancient Kingdom of Armenia (also known as Kingdom of Greater Armenia), on the western sid ...

(

Armenia Armenia, officially the Republic of Armenia, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of West Asia. It is a part of the Caucasus region and is bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia (country), Georgia to the north and Azerbaijan to ...

west of the

Euphrates The Euphrates ( ; see #Etymology, below) is the longest and one of the most historically important rivers of West Asia. Tigris–Euphrates river system, Together with the Tigris, it is one of the two defining rivers of Mesopotamia (). Originati ...

river, geographically in

Anatolia Anatolia (), also known as Asia Minor, is a peninsula in West Asia that makes up the majority of the land area of Turkey. It is the westernmost protrusion of Asia and is geographically bounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the south, the Aegean ...

) (roughly corresponding to ancient Azzi-Hayasa or Hayasa-Azzi) **'' Aeretice'' / '' Æretice'' **'' Aetulane'' / '' Ætulane'' **'' Orbalisene'' **'' Orbesine'' **'' Orsene'' *

Bithynia Bithynia (; ) was an ancient region, kingdom and Roman province in the northwest of Asia Minor (present-day Turkey), adjoining the Sea of Marmara, the Bosporus, and the Black Sea. It bordered Mysia to the southwest, Paphlagonia to the northeast a ...

**''

Proper'' ''(named after the

Bithyni The Bithyni (; ; ) were a Thracian tribe who lived in Bithynia. History The Bithyni originally lived in the area of the lower Strymon river, due to which the ancient Greeks claimed that they were originally called the Strymoni (; ). Around , ...

)'' **'' Cauconia'' ''(named after the

Caucones The Caucones ( ''Kaukônes'') were an autochthonous tribe of Anatolia (modern-day Turkey), who later migrated to parts of the Greek mainland ( Arcadia, Triphylian Pylos and Elis). Origin and early history The phonology of the name Caucone ...

or Kaukauni)'' **'' Mariandynia'' ''(named after the

Mariandyni The Mariandyni () were an ancient tribe in the north-east of Bithynia. Their country was called ''Mariandynia'' (Μαριανδυνία, Stephanus of Byzantium s. v.) and Pliny speaks of a ''Sinus Mariandynus'' ("Mariandynian Gulf") on their coas ...

)'' **'' Salone'' / ''

Salon Salon may refer to: Common meanings * Beauty salon A beauty salon or beauty parlor is an establishment that provides Cosmetics, cosmetic treatments for people. Other variations of this type of business include hair salons, spas, day spas, ...

'' ''( Bithynium or Bithynion was its main centre)'' **'' Tarsia'' **'' Tottaion'' **'' Thynia'' ''(named after the Thyni)'' *

Cappadocia Cappadocia (; , from ) is a historical region in Central Anatolia region, Turkey. It is largely in the provinces of Nevşehir, Kayseri, Aksaray, Kırşehir, Sivas and Niğde. Today, the touristic Cappadocia Region is located in Nevşehir ...

(a significant part roughly corresponding to ancient " Land of Hatti" or Hatti) (name possibly derived from the Hittite ''Katta Peda-'' - Place Below or Place Down, from ''katta'' - below or down and ''peda'' - place; possible phonetic change - ''Katt(a)-peda'' > ''*Kat-peda'' > ''*Kat-pata'' > ''*Kat-patu + ka'' > ''Kat-patuka'' > ''*Kappaduka'', borrowed to

Greek Greek may refer to: Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor of all kno ...

as ''Kappadokía'') **'' Bagadania'' / '' Bagadoania'' **'' Chammamene'' / '' Chammanene'' **'' Cataonia'' ''(broad sense)'' ''(During

Achaemenid The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire, also known as the Persian Empire or First Persian Empire (; , , ), was an Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty in 550 BC. Based in modern-day Iran, it was the large ...

Persian Empire The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire, also known as the Persian Empire or First Persian Empire (; , , ), was an Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty in 550 BC. Based in modern-day Iran, it was the larg ...

it was its own country or region and not part of

)'' ***'' Aravene'' ***'' Cataonia'' / '' Cataonia Proper'' ''(narrow sense)'' ***'' Lavinianesine'' / '' Lavianesine'' / '' Laviansene'' ***'' Muriane'' / '' Murianune'' **'' Cappadocian Cilicia'' / '' Mazakene'' ''(where Mazaka or Caesarea Mazaka was located; it is today's

Kayseri Kayseri () is a large List of cities in Turkey, city in Central Anatolia, Turkey, and the capital of Kayseri Province, Kayseri province. Historically known as Caesarea (Mazaca), Caesarea, it has been the historical capital of Cappadocia since anc ...

)'' ''( Nesa was close)'' **'' Garsaouritis'' / '' Garsauria'' **'' Melitene'' / '' Miletene'' ''(During

it was its own country or region and not part of

)'' **'' Morimene'' **'' Pteria'' **'' Saravene'' ***'' Tarbasthena'' **'' Sargarausene'' **'' Tyanitis'' ''(after Tyana city)'' ''(roughly corresponding to ancient Tuwana / Tuwanuwa region)'' *

Caria Caria (; from Greek language, Greek: Καρία, ''Karia''; ) was a region of western Anatolia extending along the coast from mid-Ionia (Mycale) south to Lycia and east to Phrygia. The Carians were described by Herodotus as being Anatolian main ...

**''

Peraea Peraia, and Peraea or Peræa (from , ''hē peraia'', "land across") in Classical Antiquity referred to "a community's territory lying 'opposite', predominantly (but not exclusively) a mainland possession of an island state" according to Karl-Wilhe ...

'' *

Cilicia Cilicia () is a geographical region in southern Anatolia, extending inland from the northeastern coasts of the Mediterranean Sea. Cilicia has a population ranging over six million, concentrated mostly at the Cilician plain (). The region inclu ...

**'' Cilicia Pedias'' / '' Cilicia Campestris'' ''(roughly corresponding to ancient Kizzuwadna)'' ***'' Bryelice'' / '' Bryelica'' **''

Cilicia Trachaea Cilicia () is a geographical region in southern Anatolia, extending inland from the northeastern coasts of the Mediterranean Sea. Cilicia has a population ranging over six million, concentrated mostly at the Cilician plain (). The region inclu ...

'' / '' Cilicia Aspera'' ''(roughly corresponding to ancient Tarhuntassa)'' ''(later, Cilicia Aspera was included in

Isauria Isauria ( or ; ), in ancient geography, is a rugged, isolated district in the interior of Asia Minor, of very different extent at different periods, but generally covering what is now the district of Bozkır and its surroundings in the Konya P ...

)'' ***'' Characine'' ***'' Lalassis'' ***'' Lamotis'' ***'' Kennatis'' ***'' Ketis'' ***'' Selenitis'' ''(after Selinus city)'' *

Cyprus Cyprus (), officially the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Situated in West Asia, its cultural identity and geopolitical orientation are overwhelmingly Southeast European. Cyprus is the List of isl ...

(roughly corresponding to ancient Alasiya, part or the whole island) * Doris (named after the Dorian Greeks that colonized the region) **'' Cos'' **''

Doric Hexapolis The Doric or Dorian Hexapolis () was a federation of six cities of Dorians, Dorian Colonies in antiquity#Greek colonies, foundation in southwest Asia Minor and adjacent islands, largely coextensive with the region known as Doris or Doris in Asia ...

'' **''

Rhodes Rhodes (; ) is the largest of the Dodecanese islands of Greece and is their historical capital; it is the List of islands in the Mediterranean#By area, ninth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. Administratively, the island forms a separ ...

'' *

Galatia Galatia (; , ''Galatía'') was an ancient area in the highlands of central Anatolia, roughly corresponding to the provinces of Ankara and Eskişehir in modern Turkey. Galatia was named after the Gauls from Thrace (cf. Tylis), who settled here ...

(named after the Galatians (people), Galatians, a Celts, Celtic people, that arrived in Central

by the early 3rd century BC, it didn't exist until then and was made by Galatian conquests of parts of

and

) **''Tolistobogii'' / ''Tolistobogii, Tolistobogioi subregion'' ''(Galatia, Western Galatia)'' ''(where Gordion / Gordium, ancient Phrygians, Phrygian capital, was located, Pessinus was Tolisbogii capital)'' ***''Comata'' / ''Komata'' ***''Gordium, Gordiana'' ''(was part of

until Galatians (people), Galatian conquest, where Gordion / Gordium, ancient Phrygians, Phrygian capital, was located,)'' ***''Pancaleia'' / ''Pankaleia'' ''(was part of

until Galatians (people), Galatian conquest)'' ***''Proseilemmene'' / ''Proseilimmene'' ''(was part of

until Galatians (people), Galatian conquest)'' **''Tectosages subregion'' ''(Galatia, Central Galatia)'' ''(where Ancyra was located, today's Ankara)'' ***''Komodromos'' ''(was part of

until Galatians (people), Galatian conquest)'' ***''Sanisene'' ''(was part of

until Galatians (people), Galatian conquest)'' **''Trocmi'' / ''Trocmi, Trokmoi subregion'' ''(Galatia, Eastern Galatia)'' ''(where Tavium was located, close to ancient Hattusa)'' ***''Ximene'' ''(was part of

until Galatians (people), Galatian conquest)'' *Ionia (named after the Ionian Greeks that colonized the region) **''Chios'' **''Icaria'' / ''Ikaria'' **''Samos'' *

*Lycaonia **''Antiochiana'' **''Axylos (subregion), Axylos'' *Lycia **''Cabalia'' ''(roughly corresponding to ancient Kuwaliya)'' **''Milyas'' ''(region dwelt by the Milyae that descend from the Solymi)'' *Lydia / Maeonia **''Katakekaumene'' *Mysia (Coastal Phrygia) (also known as Phrygia Hellespontica, or as Phrygia Epictetus after the annexation by the Kingdom of Pergamum) (roughly corresponding to ancient Masa (land), Masa) **''Phrygia Minor'' ''(northern part of Mysia)'' ***''Lentiana'' **''Phrygia Maior'' / ''Phrygia Pergamene'' ''(southern part of Mysia)'' ***''Abrettene'' ***''Morene'' ***''Olympene'' ***''Teuthrania'' ''(sometimes included in Lydia) (

, that was capital of the Kingdom of Pergamon, was in this land)'' *Pamphylia *Paphlagonia (roughly corresponding to ancient Pala (Anatolia), Pala) **''Blaene'' **''Cimiatene'' **''Domanitis'' ''(roughly corresponding to ancient Tumanna?)'' **''Enetia'' / ''Henetia'' ''(named after the Paphlagonian Eneti, Eneti or Paphlagonian Eneti, Heneti)'' **''Marmolitis'' **''Pimolisene'' **''Potamia, Paphlagonia, Potamia'' **''Timonitis'' *

(Inland Phrygia) **''Pacatiana'' / ''Phrygia Pacatiana'' ''(Western Phrygia)'' ***''Abbaitis'' ''(roughly corresponding to ancient Abbawiya or Appawiya)'' ***''Azanitis'' **''Phrygia Salutaris, Salutaris'' / ''Phrygia Salutaris'' ''(Eastern Phrygia)'' *Pisidia **''Paroreios'' / ''Parorea'' *Pontus (region), Pontus **''Western Pontus'' ''(During

it was part of

)'' ''(roughly corresponding to ancient "Land of Zalpa", Zalpa or Zalpuwa was its main centre)'' ***''Chiliokomon'' ***''Camisene'' / ''Camisene, Kamisene'' / ''Camisene, Comisene'' ***''Colopene'' / ''Colopene, Kolopene'' / ''Culupene'' / ''Calupene'' ***''Daximonitis'' ***''Diacopene'' ***''Gazelonitis, Gadilonitis'' / ''Gazelonitis'' ***''Limnia (Pontus), Limnia ***''Phanaraea'' ***''Phazemonitis'' ***''Saramene'' ***''Çarşamba Plain'' ****''Themiscyra (Pontus), Themiscyra'' ***''Tibarenia'' ''(named after the Tibareni, believed to be of Scythian origin by several classical authors like Herodotus, Xenophon and Strabo)'' **''Eastern Pontus'' ''(roughly corresponding to ancient "Kaska Land", inhabited by the Kaska people)'' ''(inhabited by several peoples)'' ***''Byzeria'' ''(named after the Byzeres)'' ***''Chaldia'' ''(named after the Chalybes)'' ***''Macronia'' ''(named after the Macrones, ancestors of Mingrelians, part of the Zan people, Zan)'' ***''Marria (region), Marria'' ''(named after the Marres)'' ***''Moschia'' ''(named after the Mushki, Moschi or Mushki, Moschoi, who may have been a northern branch of the Eastern Mushki and related to Mysians and Armenians)'' ***''Mossynoecia'' ''(named after the Mossynoeci)'' ***''Sannia (region), Sannia'' ''(named after the Sanni, ancestors of the Zan people, Zan, including Mingrelians and Laz people, Lazs)'' *Troad, Troas / Troad (sometimes included in Mysia) **''Sigrene''

Regions sometimes included in Anatolia

*Commagene (roughly corresponding to ancient Kummuh, Kummaha or Kummuh) (although it was on the south slope of the Taurus Mountains, it could be considered geographically in

) (however it was administratively included in Roman Syria, far northern area, by the Roman Empire) *Pieria (Syria), Pieria (part of ancient Palistin) (although administratively in Roman Syria on the border area, it was on the west slope of the Amanus mountains, and sometimes it was included in Roman Cilicia, Cilicia Pedias) Note: Over time the regions did not always were the same and had the same size or the same borders and sometimes included different subregions, districts, divisions or parts or were united with others. The names of many regions ended in "e" [e] that was the Eastern Greek (Attic Greek, Attic Ionic Greek, Ionic Ancient Greek) equivalent to the Western Greek (Doric Greek) "a" [a] and also to the Latin "a" [a]. In Ancient Greek the "ph" represented the consonants p [p] and h [h] pronounced closely and not the f [f] consonant. In Ancient Greek the "y" represented the vowel [y] (ü) and not the semivowel [j] or the vowels [i] or [I].

Byzantine Anatolian Theme (Byzantine district), Themes (circa 1000 AD)

The Themata were combined Military and Administrative divisions of the Byzantine Empire (East Roman Empire) which replaced the Roman provinces, Roman provincial system in the 7th-8th century and reached their height in the 9th and 10th centuries. *Aegean Sea (theme), Aegean Sea (was a naval theme which included the modern Greek islands of

, Chios and the Cyclades; the coastal areas of Troad and Mysia, as well as the Dardanelles, Hellespont or modern day Dardanelles and the Gallipoli, Gallipoli Peninsula. Main cities included Abydos (Hellespont), Cyzicus and Gelibolu, Kallipolis). *Anatolic Theme *Armeniac Theme *Bucellarian Theme *Cappadocia (theme) *Chaldia, Chaldia Theme *Charsianon *Cibyrrhaeot Theme *Theme of Cyprus, Cyprus (theme) (the island could be included in

, although not continental) *Koloneia (theme) *Lykandos *Mesopotamia (theme) *Opsikion *Optimatoi *Paphlagonia (theme) *Iberia (theme), Iberia (which incorporated the historical region of Phasiane (historical region), Phasiane) *Samos (theme) *Sebasteia (theme) *Seleucia (theme) *Thracesian Theme Ducates or Catepanates (combined Military and Administrative divisions of the Byzantine Empire (East Roman Empire) on border regions that included smaller Themata under the command of a Dux or Katepano) *Ducate or Catepanate of Antioch **Kilikia (

) *Ducate or Catepanate of Chaldia **Chaldia, Chaldia Theme **Koloneia (theme) *Ducate or Catepanate of Mesopotamia ** Melitene **Mesopotamia (theme), Mesopotamia (roughly matching East Melitene) **Keltzine (on the western banks of the

, on the Anatolia, Anatolian side)

Regions sometimes included in Anatolia

*Euphrates Cities (theme), Euphrates Cities (Pareuphratídai Póleis) (roughly matching ancient Commagene and part of the Catepanate of Mesopotamia)

References

External links

*{{Commons category-inline Ancient Anatolia, * Geography of ancient Anatolia, Historical regions of Anatolia, Geography of West Asia Regions of Asia

Bronze Age

Iron Age

Classical

Regions sometimes included in Anatolia

Byzantine Anatolian Theme (Byzantine district), Themes (circa 1000 AD)

Regions sometimes included in Anatolia

References

See also

External links